- AMATH & ATM S 505A, OCEAN 511A (4 Credits)
- Meetings: MWF 11:30-12:20, LOW 101, plus 4th hour: 10:30-11:20 OR 12:30-1:20 Fridays (Locations TBD and will vary week-to-week)
- Instructor: Parker MacCready, parker@ocean.washington.edu, (68)5-9588, OCN 311, office hours by appointment
- TA: Cathy Yang, ykc1208@u.washington.edu, (61)6-9682, office hours: Wednesdays 10:30-11:20 am and Fridays 2:30-3:20 pm at OSB 245
- Textbook (required): Fluid Mechanics by Kundu and Cohen (preferably 4th ed.).
Copies are available at the bookstore in the ATM SCI section
DESCRIPTION: This class is for first year grad students in Atmospheric Science, Oceanography, Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, and related disciplines. It is meant to be a rigorous introduction to basic aspects of fluid flow, from its molecular origins (what is pressure? what is viscosity?) to simple large scale behavior (why does atmospheric temperature decrease with height?). And of course we cover the fun things - like how vortices interact and why waves move the way they do. We develop and apply the important tools of fluid understanding: conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and vorticity. And we learn how to apply different reference frames (a point in space, a point following the fluid, a surface, a volume) to see problems in different ways.
CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Eulerian equations for mass, motion; Navier-Stokes equation for viscous fluids, Cartesian tensors, stress, strain relations; Kelvin's theorem, vortex dynamics; potential flows, flows with high, low Reynolds numbers; boundary layers, introduction to singular perturbation techniques; water waves; linear instability theory. Prerequisite: AMATH 403 or permission of instructor.
GRADING
- Homework: 60% (OK to work with others, but write it out yourself)
- Midterm 15% (take home, open book, open notes)
- Final 25% (take home, open book, open notes)
SYLLABUS (KC=Kundu & Cohen Reading, PS=Problem Set Assigned: due 1-week later at start of class)
| I. Fundamental Fluid Concepts and Conservation Equations |
| W 9/30 |
I.1 |
Organization, the scope of fluid mechanics and this class, the continuum hypothesis |
KC 1.1-5 |
| F 10/2 |
I.2 |
Fluid parcel, Density, Pressure and its molecular origins, the net force on a fluid parcel due to pressure |
KC 1.7, 2.1-6 |
| M 10/5 |
I.3 |
The pressure gradient, hydrostatic balance |
PS 1
KC 2.7-10 |
W 10/7
|
I.4 |
Velocity, Lagrangian vs. Eulerian point of view, the material derivative |
KC 3.1-7 |
| F 10/9 |
I.5 |
Conservation of mass, incompressible flow |
Lab: Buoyancy and the Spar Buoy
High-Bay area of the Ocean Sciences Building 1st floor (OCN) pdf map
KC 2.13, 3.13, 4.1-3, 4.18 |
| M 10/12 |
I.6 |
Gauss Divergence Theorem, Buoyancy,
Momentum conservation (inviscid) |
PS 2
PS 1 Solutions
KC 4.4-8 |
| II. Scaling, the Shallow Water Equations, Waves, and the Bernoulli Function |
| W 10/14 |
II.1 |
Scaling: the Boussinesq and Hydrostatic Approximations |
Holton 2.4.3, KC 4.18 |
| F 10/16 |
II.2 |
Shallow Water (SW) Equations |
Lab: Wave Tank
MacCready Lab OCN 147 (Ocean Sciences Building) map
|
| M 10/19 |
II.3 |
Shallow water waves I |
PS 3
PS 2 Solutions
KC 7.1-3
|
| W 10/21 |
II.4 |
Shallow water waves II |
|
| F 10/23 |
II.5 |
Bernoulli function |
KC 4.16-17
Lab: Flume with flow over a bump
OTB 206 (Ocean Teaching Building) map
|
| III. Viscosity and Energy |
| M 10/26 |
III.1 |
Viscosity, molecular origins, effects on momentum, Reynolds number, Couette flow |
KC 9.1-6 |
| W 10/28 |
III.2 |
Viscosity continued... |
PS 3 Solutions
|
| F 10/30 |
III.3
III.4
|
Energy: derivation of the KE conservation equation
Control Volume Analysis, Momentum Integral |
KC 4.8 again, KC 4.13
Extra Hour Rooms:
10:30 in LOW 113, 12:30 LOW 105
Midterm Exam
|
| M 11/2 |
|
MOVIE: Pressure Fields & Fluid Acceleration |
|
| W 11/4 |
|
MOVIE: Waves in Fluids |
|
| F 11/6 |
III.5 |
KE & PE per unit volume |
Midterm Solutions |
| M 11/9 |
III.6 |
KE & PE for Shallow Water Waves |
PS 4 |
| W 11/11 |
|
Veteran's Day Holiday |
|
| IV. Vorticity |
| F 11/13 |
IV.1-2 |
Vorticity 1: Definitions and Examples |
Lab: Pool-Vortex Rings
High-Bay area of the Ocean Sciences Building 1st floor (OCN) map
KC 5.1-4
|
| M 11/16 |
|
Vorticity 2: Kelvin Circulation Theorem & Helmholtz Vortex Theorems |
PS 4 Solutions
KC 5.5-7
|
| W 11/18 |
IV.3 |
Vorticity 3: Vorticity Equation |
PS 5
KC 5.8-9
|
| V. Potential Flow |
| F 11/20 |
V.1 |
Potential Flow 1: Definitions |
Open question session
KC 6.1-7
|
| M 11/23 |
V.2 |
Potential Flow 2: Solutions |
KC 6.8-9 |
| W 11/25 |
V.3 |
Potential Flow 3: Drag on a Cylinder |
PS 5 Solutions
|
| F 11/27 |
|
Day-After-Thanksgiving Holiday |
|
| VI. Deep-water Waves, 2-layer Stratification, K-H Instability |
| M 11/30 |
VI.1-2 |
Deep water waves (nonhydrostatic) |
PS 6
KC 7.4-6 |
| W 12/2 |
|
Dispersion, group velocity vs. phase speed |
KC 7.7-10 |
| F 12/4 |
VI.3-5 |
Instability of fluid flows |
Lab: 2-Layer Waves
MacCready Lab OCN 147 (Ocean Sciences Building) map
KC 12.1-6 |
| M 12/7 |
|
Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability |
PS 6 Solutions
Final Exam |
| W 12/9 |
|
K-H Instability, continued |
|
| VII. Compressibility |
| F 12/11 |
VII.1 |
Effects of compressibility, Sound Waves
|
KC 1.8-10 & 16.1-2
Open question sessions: 406 Atmospheric Sciences Building map
|
| M 12/14 |
|
|
Final exam due 11:30 AM
in box outside OSB 313
Final Exam Answers & Extra on Problem 3
|
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
- Acheson, D. J. (1990) Elementary Fluid Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 397 pp. Simple and elegant. More emphasis on aeronautics.
- Batchelor, G. K. (1967) An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 615 pp. The classic text, authoritative, somewhat dated and difficult to get through early in your education. Definitely worth consulting when you need a deeper understanding.
- Gill, A. E. (1982) Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, 662 pp. A wonderfully-broad introduction to the topic of geophysical flows, often with very insightful derivations and explanations. Often used as the primary reference text for GFD I.
- Holton, J. (1979) An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. Very clear explanations of fluid mechanics and basic GFD, especially for atmospheric flow.
- Tritton, D. J. (1977) Physical Fluid Dynamics. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 362 pp. A more casual, and intuitively-pleasing treatment of incompressible flow at small to medium scales. No free surfaces, but lots of discussion of how real flows are affected by turbulence.
- Muller, P. (2006) The Equations of Oceanic Motion. Cambridge University Press, 291 pp. This is probably not suitable for beginners, but if eventually you want a really rigorous derivation of the equations we use, this is the best reference I have found.
- Prandtl, L. and O. G. Tietjens (1934) Fundamentals of Hydro- and Aeromechanics. Dover Publications, 270 pp. A beautifully-written introduction by one of the great modern masters. Here you will see many of the derivations that have ended up in Kundu and Cohen.
FLUID MECHANICS MOVIES
The classic series of Fluid Mechanics Movies, some of which we show, are available on the web
http://web.mit.edu/fluids/www/Shapiro/ncfmf.html
You have to download the free "RealPlayer" software to show these.
LINKS (not necessarily as reliable as textbooks, but informative)
Updated
December 11, 2009
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