3 Kinds of Variation

Consider three kinds of variation:

• Environmental variation occurs when individuals differ because they have been exposed to different external conditions.
• Genetic variation exists when individuals differ from each other due hereditary information received from their parents.
• Genotype-by-environment interaction arises when individuals carry hereditary information that causes them to exhibit different patterns of phenotypic change across a range of environmental exposures.

The following sections detail how each of these kinds of variation—and a, fourth, none-of-the-above option—are built into different scenarios in FrogPond.