Heterogeneity


Malaria transmission is spatially heterogeneous, human populations are heterogeneous with respect to epidemiologically important traits, and malaria control creates heterogeneity.


Outline

Simple models of malaria involve homogeneous populations, but real populations are heterogeneous:

Spatial Heterogeneity

Malaria transmission

Epidemiology

Heterogeneous Exposure

  • Heterogeneous Biting

  • Environmental Heterogeneity

  • Travel

Age & Immunity

Drug Taking

Malaria Control

  • ITN ownership and use

  • Propensity to treat with anti-malarial drugs

  • Vaccinated

Stratification