B. Figures, Maps, and Tables by Chapter
Preface
Table P.1. Gbëë Zapotec phoneme inventory in the practical orthography, consonants. ^[TabPreOne1]
Table P.2. Gbëë Zapotec phoneme inventory in the practical orthography, vowels. ^[TabPreTwo1]
Chapter I
Figure 1.1. Marielena. ^[[PeoCruMar1]]
Figure 1.2. Lilia. ^[[PeoSanLil1]]
Figure 1.3. Roselía and Cándido. ^[[PeoHerRos1]]
Figure 1.4. Eucario. ^[[PeoHerEuc1]]
Figure 1.5. Valentín. ^[[PeoMarVal1]]
Figure 1.6. Pedro. ^[[PeoMigPed1]]
Figure 1.7. Pánfilo. ^[[PeoSanPan1]]
Figure 1.8. Raúl. ^[[PeoMigRau1]]
Figure 1.9. Hermilo. ^[[PeoSilHer1]]
Chapter II
Figure 2.1. San Juan Gbëë from the air. ^[[SceSjmAer1]]
Figure 2.2. Ridge with ancient terraces and evidence of Classic Period occupation, 1 km nne of San Juan Gbëë. ^[[SceSjmAer2]]
Figure 2.3. San Juan backed by the cloud-draped summits of the Sierra de Miahuatlán. ^[[SceSjmVis1]]
Figure 2.4. Hermeneguildo taking a break to greet the gringo. ^[[PeoHerHer1]]
Figure 2.5. San Juan telesecundaria graduates (boys). ^[[PeoSchSec1]]
Figure 2.6. Donato Acuca on the summit of Cerro Nube Flan. ^[[PeoAcuDon2]]
Figure 2.7. El bicho rojo at El Portillo, gateway to San Juan. ^[[ScePorBic1]]
Figure 2.8. C. Hermilo Silva, Presidente Municipal, San Juan, 1996-1999. ^[[PeoSilHer3]]
Figure 2.9. C. Florentino Hernández, Presidente Municipal, San Juan, 1999-2002. ^[[PeoHerFlo1]]
Figure 2.10. Pánfilo Santiago, key consultant. ^[[PeoSanPan2]]
Figure 2.11. Rosa Cervantes. ^[[PeoCerRos1]]
Figure 2.12. Roger Reeck visiting with friends in San Juan. ^[[PeoReeRog1]]
Figure 2.13. Pedro, Bernardina, and Araceli, Todos Santos. ^[[PeoMigPed2]]
Figure 2.14. Cerro San Isidro, gateway to the gods, from Ro-cta. ^[[SceSanIsi1]]
Figure 2.15. The sacred grove on the summit of Cerro San Isidro. ^[[CerSanIsi3]]
Figure 2.16. Playing house at the Fiesta de la Santa Cruz on the summit of Cerro San Isidro. ^[[CerSanIsi1]]
Figure 2.17. Procession to the cemetery for an Acabo del Año memorial. ^[[CerAcaAno1]]
Figure 2.18. Chano racing on a borrowed horse at the Fiesta de San Juan. ^[[PeoMarFel1]]
Figure 2.19. Riding the “bulls” at the jaripeo, Primer Viernes. ^[[CerPriVie1]]
Figure 2.20. Patriotic displays at the clausura. ^[[PeoSchKin1]]
Figure 2.21. El Palacio Municipal. ^[[SceSjmPla3]]
Figure 2.22: Schedule of fines posted by San Juan authorities. ^[[ScePolFin1]]
Figure 2.23. Silvino and Vírgen at their storefront. ^[[PeoMigMar1]]
Chart 2.1. Rainfall data from three regional stations, 1961-2003. ^[[LinGraRai4]]
Chart 2.2. Temperature data from three regional stations, 1961-2003. ^[[LinGraTem2]]
Chart 2.3. Census summary for San Juan Mixtepec, 2000. ^[[LinCenSjm1]]
Map 2.1. Mexico and the state of Oaxaca. ^[[LinMapMex1]]
Map 2.2. Major mountain ranges and rivers in Oaxaca. ^[[LinMapOax1]]
Map 2.3. The 571 municipios of Oaxaca. ^[[LinMapOax2]]
Map 2.4. The INEGI 1:50,000 topographical map of the San Juan region. ^[[LinMapSjm1]]
Map 2.5. A sketch map of San Juan Gbëë and vicinity. ^[[LinMapSjm2]]
Map 2.6. A sketch map of the town. ^[[LinMapSjm3]]
Sound Clip 2.1. Las Mañanitas by Pedro Infante. ^[[SndLasMan1]]
Sound Clip 2.3. Dos Pueblos Conocidos by El Dueto Monterubio. ^[[SndDosPue1]]
Sound Clip 2.4. Morning chorus in San Juan Gbëë. ^[[SndSjmAmc1]]
Sound Clip 2.5. Church bells, San Juan Gbëë. ^[[SndSjmBel1]]
Chapter III
Figure 3.1. Brahea dulcis, the local palm. ^[[AreBraDul1]]
Figure 3.2. View back west from the climb above San Cristóbal Amatlán. ^[[SceScrVis1]]
Figure 3.3. View from the road of San Agustín Gbëë. ^[[SceSagVis1]]
Figure 3.4. View northeast past the Cliff of San Andres. ^[[SceSanVis1]]
Figure 3.5. Trail cross guarding the town. ^[[SceTraCru1]]
Figure 3.6. Corral constructed for the jaripeo, Primer Viernes. ^[[CerPriVie2]]
Figure 3.7. The bus stop entering town. ^[[SceSjmBus1]]
Figure 3.8. View from the market up to the plaza. ^[[SceSjmPla1]]
Figure 3.9. Zhey Juan, 94 years young. ^[[PeoZheJua1]]
Figure 3.10. Agave angustiarum. ^[[AgaAgaAng2]]
Figure 3.11. Agave angustiarum in a living fence. ^[[AgaAgaAng4]]
Figure 3.12. Leaves of Agave angustiarum soaking in preparation for making ixtle. ^[[AgaAgaAng3]]
Figure 3.13. Love letter carved in the leaf of a maguey. ^[[AgaAgaAme2]]
Figure 3.14. Deeply carved trail crossing limestone flat at Lèts-guièr `pine flat´. ^[[SceTraNor1]]
Figure 3.15. Guì-ndzàg on the trail north from town; an ancient village site. ^[[SceTraNor4]]
Figure 3.16. Ancient cave dwellings in the Cliffs of San Andrés. ^[[SceSanCav1]]
Figure 3.17. Ancient cave dwellings in the Cliffs of San Andrés. ^[[SceSanCav2]]
Figure 3.18. Traces of an ancient ball court. ^[[SceBalCrt1]]
Figure 3.19. Ancient terraces below the San Andrés cliffs. ^[[SceSanTer1]]
Figure 3.20. Dr. Marcus Winter documenting cave dwellings in the Cliffs of San Andrés. ^[[PeoWinMar1]]
Figure 3.21. San Juan´s only lake, X-làgûn-dây. ^[[SceHabWet1]]
Figure 3.22. View north after the harvest. ^[[SceTraNor2]]
Figure 3.23. Ferocactus latispinus var. greenwoodii. ^[[CacFerLat1]]
Figure 3.24. Pilosocereus chrysacanthus. ^[[CacCepChr1]]
Figure 3.25. Pseudomitrocereus fulviceps. ^[[CacMitFul1]]
Figure 3.26. Opuntia pilifera. ^[[CacOpuPil1]]
Figure 3.27. View north from Zhey Uc´s rancho towards Santa Catarina Quie Gdan. ^[[SceScaVis1]]
Figure 3.28. Crossing the Río Calabazar; note the skull rock. ^[[SceRioCal1]]
Figure 3.29. A family on the trail to San Juan. ^[[SceTraNor3]]
Figure 3.30. Agave potatorum. ^[[AgaAgaPot1]]
Figure 3.31. Agave americana var. oaxacana. ^[[AgaAgaAme1]]
Figure 3.32. Agave marmorata, rosette. ^[[AgaAgaMar2]]
Figure 3.33. Agave marmorata, in flower. ^[[AgaAgaMar1]]
Figure 3.34. Stenocereus pruinosus. ^[[CacStePru2]]
Figure 3.35. Pseudosmodingium multifolium. ^[[AnaPseMul1]]
Figure 3.36. Bursera galeottiana. ^[[BrsBurGal2]]
Figure 3.37. Rhus oaxacana. ^[[AnaRhuOax4]]
Figure 3.38. Rhus mollis. ^[[AnaRhuMol1]]
Figure 3.39. Quercus sebifera. ^[[FagQueSeb1]]
Figure 3.40. Coffea arabica. ^[[RubCofAra1]]
Figure 3.41. Taxodium mucronatum. ^[[TxoTaxMuc1]]
Figure 3.42. Roselía, Inez, Justina, and Griselda hiking to their milpa. ^[[PeoCruFam1]]
Figure 3.43. Participant observation; the anthropologist tries his hand at weeding. ^[[SceAgrMil1]]
Figure 3.44. Griselda and Lilia plant their milpita. ^[[PeoSanLil4]]
Figure 3.45. Pedro measures Pinus douglasiana. ^[[PinPinDou1]]
Figure 3.46. Pinus ayacahuite. ^[[PinPinAya1]]
Figure 3.47. Quercus castanea, outstanding in its field. ^[[FagQueCas4]]
Figure 3.48. Quencus conzattii, young leaves. ^[[FagQueCon1]]
Figure 3.49. Quercus glaucoides. ^[[FagQueGla1]]
Figure 3.50. Quercus magnoliifolia. ^[[FagQueMag1]]
Figure 3.51. Quercus acutifolia. ^[[FagQueAcu1]]
Figure 3.52. Quercus obtusata. ^[[FagQueObt1]]
Figure 3.53. Quercus crassifolia. ^[[FagQueCra1]]
Figure 3.54. “Church Rock” on the trail high above San Juan. ^[[SceTraSou1]]
Figure 3.55. San Juan´s water intake in cloud forest. ^[[SceHabFor3]]
Figure 3.56. Cheiranthodendron pentadactylon. ^[[StrChePen1]]
Figure 3.57. Pinus hartwegii forest on the high ridge above San Juan. ^[[SceHabFor1]]
Chapter IV
Figure 4.1. Bryophyllum [Kalanchoe] pinnatum. ^[[CrsBryPin1]]
Figure 4.2. Acacia cochliacantha. ^[[FabAcaCoc1]]
Figure 4.3. San Juan Gbëë plant life forms. ^[[LinLfrPla2]]
Figure 4.3b. San Juan Gbëë animal life forms. ^[[LinLfrAnm1]]
Figure 4.4. Garter snake, Thamnophis sp. ^[[VerSnaTha1]]
Figure 4.5. Black-headed snake, Tantilla sp. ^[[VerSnaTan1]]
Figure 4.6. Turtle, Chelopus rubidus rubidus. ^[[VerTurChe1]]
Figure 4.7. Spiny lizard, Sceloporus mucronotus omiltemanus. ^[[VerLizSce5]]
Figure 4.8. Spiny lizard, Sceloporus spinosus. ^[[VerLizSce1]]
Figure 4.9. Spiny lizard, Sceloporus siniferus. ^[[VerLizSce4]]
Figure 4.10. Spiny lizard, Sceloporus formosus. ^[[VerLizSce8]]
Figure 4.11. Spiny lizard, Sceleporus jalapae. ^[[VerLizSce6]]
Figure 4.12. Anole lizard, Norops (Anolis) sp. ^[[VerLizNor1]]
Figure 4.13. Whiptail lizard, Aspidoscelis (Cnemidophorus) sp. ^[[VerLizAsp1]]
Figure 4.14. Ameiva lizard, Ameiva undulata. ^[[VerLizAme1]]
Figure 4.15. Alligator lizard, Gerrhonotus liocephalus juvenile. ^[[VerLizGer1]]
Figure 4.16. Horned lizard, Phrynosoma braconnieri. ^[[VerLizPhr1]]
Figure 4.17. Robber frog, Eleutherodactylus sp. ^[[VerAmpEle1]]
Figure 4.18. Toad, Bufo sp. ^[[VerAmpBuf1]]
Table 4.1. Gbëë Zapotec Taxonomic Hierarchy. ^[TabFouOne1]
Table 4.2. Numbers (Percentages) of Alternative Life-form Assignments. ^[TabFouTwo1]
Table 4.3. Numbers (Percentages) of Multiple Life-form Assignments. ^[TabFouThr1]
Table 4.4. San Juan Zapotec pines (Pinus). ^[TabFouFou1]
Table 4.5. San Juan Zapotec oaks (Quercus). ^[TabFouFiv1]
Table 4.6. A Summary of San Juan Zapotec Plant Taxa. ^[TabFouSix1]
Table 4.7. Statistical summaries of mammal names by type and taxonomic rank. ^[TabFouSev1]
Table 4.8. Mammal species reported from the Sierra de Miahuatlán and vicinity. ^[TabFouEig1]
Table 4.9. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish recognized in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFouNin1]
Table 4.10. San Juan Gbëë Birds: Correspondence to Western Scientific Species. ^[TabFouTen1]
Table 4.11. Statistical summaries of invertebrate names by type and taxonomic rank. ^[TabFouEle1]
Table 4.12. Statistical summaries of invertebrate names by prefix. ^[TabFouTwe1]
Table 4.13. Edible invertebrates. ^[TabFouThi1]
Table 4.14. Medicinal invertebrates. ^[TabFouRtn1]
Table 4.15. Good luck charms and other useful invertebrates. ^[TabFouVtn1]
Table 4.16. Noxious invertebrates. ^[TabFouStn1]
Table 4.17. Fungi Recorded from San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFouStn1]
Chapter V
Figure 5.1. Corn field, in the early stages, dòoz. ^[[PoaZeaMay4]]
Figure 5.1. Corn field, well grown, wgàa. ^[[PoaZeaMay5]]
Figure 5.3. The common bean, first leaves, lbæ̀-bziàa. ^[[FabPhaVul2]]
Figure 5.4. The common bean, in flower, lbæ̀-bziàa. ^[[FabPhaVul1]]
Figure 5.5. The calabaza squash, guìt-wèts, Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo. ^[[CucCucPep3]]
Figure 5.6. The chilacayote squash, guìt-wěedz, Cucurbita ficifolia. ^[[CucCucFic1]]
Figure 5.7. The chayote, a vining cucurbit, variety with “spiny” fruits, Sechium edule, yàp-guièts. ^[[CucSecEdu1]]
Figure 5.8. Fava beans, Vicia faba, bziàa-xtîl. ^[[FabVicFab1]]
Figure 5.9. Peas, Pisum sativum, bziàa-lbêrg. ^[[FabPisSat1]]
Figure 5.10. Chilis, guìin, Capsicum annuum and C. pubescens, in the garden. ^[[SolCapAnn2]]
Figure 5.11. Contour plowing. ^[[SceAgrMil2]]
Figure 5.12. Manure placed for preparatory plowing. ^[[SceAgrFer2]]
Figure 5.13. A San Juan home garden. ^[[SceHabGar1]]
Figure 5.14. Coriander, cilantro, a garden herb. ^[[ApiCorSat2]]
Figure 5.15. Basil, albahaca, Ocimum basilicum, a garden herb. ^[[LamOciBas1]]
Figure 5.16. Husk tomato, miltomate, Physalis philadelphica, yàg-pchǔux-guìx. ^[[SolPhyPhi1]]
Figure 5.17. Guajes, Leucaena pallida, yàg-nlìbâd. ^[[FabLeuPal1]]
Figure 5.18. Avocado, Persea americana, ngùd-guièx-pèlôt. ^[[LauPerAme1]]
Figure 5.19. Avocado, Persea americana, ngùd-guièx-ziôol. ^[[LauPerAme2]]
Figure 5.20. Banana, plátano, Musa sapientum, yàg-bdiò. ^[[MusMusSap1]]
Figure 5.21. Apple, manzana, Malus domestica, yàg-mànzân. ^[[RosMalDom1]]
Figure 5.22. Peach, durazno, Prunus persica, yàg-drâz. ^[[RosPruPer3]]
Figure 5.23. Citron, Citrus medica, yàg-sîdr. ^[[RutCitMed1]]
Figure 5.24. Oxalis cf. hernandezii, a weedy wildflower with an edible bulb. ^[[OxlOxaHer3]]
Figure 5.25. Epazote, “purple” variety, Chenopodium ambrosioides, ptiè-mòrâd, a quelite. ^[[ChnCheAmb1]]
Figure 5.26. Amaranth, Amaranthus hybridus, guìzbæ̀, a quelite from the garden. ^[[AmaAmaHib2]]
Figure 5.27. Palo de chile, Salmea scandens, yàg-guìin. ^[[AstSalSca1]]
Figure 5.28. Agave angustiarum, flower scape. ^[[AgaAgaAng1]]
Figure 5.29. Custard apple, Annona cherimolia, guiél̲. ^[[AnnAnnChe1]]
Figure 5.30. Phytolacca icosandra, x-quìzh-bziě, a quelite of roadsides. ^[[PhtPhyIco2]]
Figure 5.31. Crotalaria cf. mollicula, chepíl, ncuàan-yè, with edible flowers and foliage. ^[[FabCroMol1]]
Figure 5.32. A newly burned swidden on a steep slope in San Agustín Gbëë. ^[[SceAgrBur2]]
Figure 5.33. Century plant terracing in fields. ^[[SceAgrTer2]]
Figure 5.34. Mulberry tree, Morus celtidifolius, yàg-bzà, spared in a milpa. ^[[MorMorCel3]]
Figure 5.35. A newly-burned swidden field in pine forest, Rancho Conejo, municipio of San Pedro Gbëë. ^[[SceAgrMil6]]
Figure 5.36. New swidden in pine forest above town at 2400 m. ^[[SceAgrBur1]]
Figure 5.37. Careful application of chemical fertilizer. ^[[SceAgrFer1]]
Figure 5.38. Cleofas cultivating with the coa. ^[[PeoSanCle1]]
Figure 5.39. Father and son plowing. ^[[SceAgrPlo1]]
Figure 5.40. León and his son Fernando plowing. ^[[SceAgrPlo2]]
Figure 5.41. Oxen straining at the yoke. ^[[SceAgrPlo3]]
Figure 5.42. Following the plow. ^[[SceAgrPlo5]]
Figure 5.43. Guiding the plow. ^[[SceAgrPlo8]]
Figure 5.44. Planting. ^[[SceAgrPla1]]
Figure 5.45. Weeding. ^[[SceAgrWee1]]
Figure 5.46. Weeding; a family affair. ^[[SceAgrWee3]]
Figure 5.47. Weeding; for all ages. ^[[SceAgrWee2]]
Figure 5.48. Gathering the corn harvest. ^[[SceAgrHar1]]
Figure 5.49. Corn stalks stored in the rafters. ^[[SceAgrHar2]]
Figure 5.50. Meynarda shelling maize. ^[[SceAgrShe1]]
Figure 5.51. Sofía sorting maize. ^[[SceAgrShe2]]
Figure 5.52. Varieties of creole maize in San Juan. ^[[PoaZeaMay1]]
Figure 5.53. `Black´ corn may be recognized by the color of the tassels. ^[[PoaZeaMay2]]
Figure 5.54. Rosa making black corn tortillas, guièt-ngǎs. ^[[PeoCerRos2]]
Figure 5.55. Ruins of the old flour mill below San Juan. ^[[SceSjmRui1]]
Figure 5.56. Bean varieties from a single family´s harvest, top to bottom and left to right: bziàa-dùuzh-pînt-ngǎs, bziàa-làs, bziàa-dùuzh-nìzhniê, bziàa-bǎy, bziàa-dùuzh-nguěts, bziàa-nquǐts, bziàa-guiès. ^[[FabPhaVul3]]
Figure 5.57. Zucchini, a new variety of squash, Cucurbita pepo var. pepo, guìt-tàliân. ^[[CucCucZuc1]]
Figure 5.58. Squash flower, Cucurbita pepo var. pepo, mziè. ^[[CucCucPep4]]
Figure 5.59. Wild squash, Cucurbita radicans, guìt-lǎ. ^[[CucCucRad1]]
Figure 5.60. Sweet potato leaf, Ipomoea batata, gù-blâg. ^[[CnvIpoBat1]]
Figure 5.61. Potatoes in flower, Solanum tuberosum, gù-lbæ̀. ^[[SolSolTub2]]
Figure 5.62. Potato tubers, Solanum tuberosum, gù. ^[[SolSolTub4]]
Figure 5.63. Oca, Oxalis tubers, gù-bè, a Andean cultivar grown at the highest elevations. ^[[OxlOxaTub1]]
Figure 5.64. Chicken, Gallus gallus, nguǐd. ^[[VerAveGal1]]
Figure 5.65. Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, mèr, in Brugmansia x candida. ^[[VerAveMlg1]]
Figure 5.66. Goat. Capris hircus, chîv. ^[[VerMamCap1]]
Figure 5.67. A herd of goats on the trail. ^[[VerMamCap3]]
Figure 5.68. Lilia with her baby goat. ^[[PeoSanLil5]]
Figure 5.69. Caring for the goats. ^[[VerMamCap2]]
Figure 5.70. Roselía spinning. ^[[SceTecWea2]]
Figure 5.71. María weaving on the back-strap loom. ^[[SceTecWea1]]
Figure 5.72. Medardo plowing with his yunta de burro. ^[[SceAgrPlo9]]
Figure 5.73. Eucario´s burro oficial. ^[[VerMamEqu1]]
Figure 5.74. Horse racing for La Fiesta de San Juan. ^[[CerSanJua1]]
Figure 5.75. A local dog, Canis familiaris, mæ̀cw. ^[[VerMamCan1]]
Figure 5.76. Chart showing the distribution of goats across families in San Juan. ^[[LinGraGoa1]]
Figure 5.77. Agave salmiana. ^[[AgaAgaSal1]]
Figure 5.78. Baking Agave karwinskii piñas to make mezcal. ^[[SceTecMez1]]
Figure 5.79. Agave seemanniana. ^[[AgaAgaSee1]]
Figure 5.80. Agave karwinskii. ^[[AgaAgaKar2]]
Figure 5.81. Agave angustifolia as a field divider. ^[[AgaAgaAgf3]]
Figure 5.82. The valley guaje, Leucaena esculenta, yàg-nlìbâd-ts{o:}. ^[[FabLeuEsc1]]
Figure 5.83. Nest of leaf-cutter ants (Atta sp., miòb) shortly before the mating flight of the chicatanas. ^[[ArtHymFor2]]
Figure 5.84. Chicatanas, edible ants, miàdz (Atta sp.). They swarm near El Día de San Juan, June 24. ^[[ArtHymFor1]]
Figure 5.85. Boletus aff. pinicola, edible `bread mushroom´, hongo de pan, měy-guièt-xtîl. ^[[FunBolPin1]]
Figure 5.86. Hypomyces lactiflourum, edible `chili mushroom´, měy-guìin, with Ramaria sp. ^[[FunHypLac2]]
Figure 5.87. Agaricus cf. sylvaticus, edible mushroom `wool mushroom´, měy-lân. ^[[FunAgaSyl1]]
Figure 5.88. Neolentinus sp., edible `pine mushroom´, měy-yàg-guièr. ^[[FunNeoSpc1]]
Figure 5.89. Polyporus cf. tuberaster, edible `earth mushroom´, měy-yù. ^[[FunPolTub1]]
Figure 5.90. Amanita cesarea, edible mushroom, měy-yùp. ^[[FunAmaCes1]], ^[[PeoSanVer1]]
Figure 5.91. Guillermo going hunting. ^[[PeoMarGui1]]
Figure 5.92. Tracks in the mud, raccoon, mapache, ngòl-bziè. ^[[VerMamPro1]]
Figure 5.93. A distinctive local architectural detail, cuñas of Pinus teocote. ^[[SceTecHou1]]
Figure 5.94. Modern cement-block construction in San Juan. ^[[SceTecHou2]]
Figure 5.95. Plow detail showing the beam (tòmî) talera (tàlêl), and plow share (rrâd). ^[[SceTecPlo1]], ^[[SceTecPlo2]]
Figure 5.96. Oxen yoked to the plow. ^[[SceTecPlo3]]
Figure 5.97. Jatropha cf. cordifolia, yàg-bcuæ̀. The hard seeds are used to make tops. ^[[EupJatCor1]]
Figure 5.98. Coral bean, a.k.a. yàg-píp, Erythrina americana, flowers made into impromptu toy pipes. ^[[FabEryAme1]]
Figure 5.99. Crane´s-bill seedpods, guìzh-gùzh `needle herb´, made into impromptu toy swords. ^[[GerEroCic1]]
Table 5.1. San Juan Gbëë cultivated food plants, native. ^[TabFivOne1]
Table 5.2. San Juan Gbëë cultivated food plants, introduced. ^[TabFivTwo1]
Table 5.3. Cultivated food plants known in San Juan Gbëë but grown elsewhere. ^[TabFivThr1]
Table 5.4. Corn varieties Named in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFivFou1], ^[[LinTaxZea1]]
Table 5.5. Specialized San Juan Gbëë corn terminology (in part from Reeck 1991). ^[TabFivFiv1]
Table 5.6. Bean varieties named in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFivSix1], ^[[LinTaxPha1]]
Table 5.7. Squash varieties named in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFivSev1]
Table 5.8. Pests of San Juan Gbëë crops. ^[TabFivEig1]
Table 5.9. San Juan Gbëë cultivated tubers. ^[TabFivNin1]
Table 5.10. San Juan Gbëë tree species cultivated in the riparian zone orchards. ^[TabFivTen1]
Table 5.11. San Juan Gbëë food plants, including condiments and beverage plants (41 families / 93 genera / 144 species). ^[TabFivEle1]
Table 5.12. Edible weedy greens of local fields and roadsides (quelites). ^[TabFivTwe1]
Table 5.13. San Juan Gbëë fodder plants (26 families / 63 genera/ 95 species). ^[TabFivThi1]
Table 5.14. San Juan Gbëë firewood plants (25 families/ 46 genera/ 70 species). ^[TabFivRtn1]
Table 5.15. Number of genera and species reportedly used in support of particular functions of San Juan Gbëë agricultural production by select plant families. ^[TabFivVtn1]
Table 5.16. Varieties of chickens (Gallus gallus) recognized in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFivXtn1]
Table 5.17. Domestic animal statistics for San Juan Gbëë, 2003. ^[TabFivStn1]
Table 5.18. Goat statistics for San Juan Gbëë, 2003. ^[TabFivEtn1], ^[[LinGraGoa1]]
Table 5.19. Edible invertebrates harvested in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFivNtn1]
Table 5.20. Mammal and bird species named as potential prey by San Juan Gbëë hunters. ^[TabFivTwn1]
Table 5.21. Terms for plowing and parts of the plow in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabFivTon1]
Chapter VI
Figure 6.1. San Pedro medicinal plant forum, left rear, Eugene Hunn, Oscar Barrera-Nuñez, front row from left, Sofía Fabián Cruz, Sabina Antonio Mendez, Donato Acuca Vásquez, Miguel Ángel Espinosa, Alejandro Fabián López, Graciano Mendoza López. ^[[PeoSpmMed1]]
Figure 6.2. San Juan medicinal plant expert panel: from left, Elia Jarquín Hernández, Agripina Martínez Cruz, Ranulfo Cruz López, Pedro Hernández Miguel. ^[[PeoSjmMed1]]
Figure 6.3. Health advisories on San Juan walls: “Don´t smoke. Smoking is the road to the cemetery.” ^[[SceSjmMed1]]
Figure 6.4. yàg-yàaz-nguěts (Barkleyanthus salicifolium), remedy for fevers; it is considered to be “cold.” ^[[AstBarSal2]]
Figure 6.5. yàg-yàaz-nquǐts (Baccharis salicifolia), remedy for stomach ache; it is considered to be “hot.” ^[[AstBacSal2]]
Figure 6.6. yàg-guídz-zân (Solanum lanceolatum), used for bathing a woman who has just given birth; it is considered “hot,” thus facilitates heating the womb, left cold by the birth. ^[[SolSolLan3]]
Figure 6.7. x-pàan-ngùtsiěts `iguana´s tail´ (Equisetum myriochaetum, cola de caballo, horsetail fern) is an important medicine for kidney problems, including kidney stones (guìdz-riân). ^[[EquEquMyr1]]
Figure 6.8. yàg-lgâzh, Abies guatemalensis, abieto, Guatemalan fir. ^[[PinAbiGua1]]
Figure 6.9. yàg-bèch-mbǎr (Rhus oaxacana and allied species, zumaque, sumac). The dried and powdered leaves are applied for diaper rash; the seeds are chewed for canker sores. ^[[AnaRhuOax3]]
Figure 6.10. guìzh-mîrt (Salvia microphylla, mirto) used in concert with a variety of other mostly introduced herbs to treat “cold” conditions, particularly post-partum hemorrhaging. ^[[LamSalMic1]]
Figure 6.11. guièe-sàntàmàrî (Tanacetum parthenium, flor de Santa María, feverfew) is used in combination with a variety of other herbs to bathe a woman who has just given birth. ^[[AstTanPar1]]
Figure 6.12. blâg-bnù (Ipomoea intrapilosa), a headache remedy. ^[[CnvIpoInt3]]
Figure 6.13. dòb-xtîl `aloe vera´, Aloe barbadense, sávila. The sap is applied to burns. ^[[AspAloBar2]]
Figure 6.14. guìzh-biè `cataract herb´ (Euphorbia hyssopifolia and/or E. heterophylla), tiny, prostrate weeds of roadsides in town. The caustic milky sap is dropped in the eye for cataracts. ^[[EupEupHys1]]
Figure 6.15. měy-dòop `fart mushroom´, Lycoperdon cf. perlatum, puffball. ^[[FunLycPer1]]
Figure 6.16. lùdz-mdzìn `deer´s-tongue´ (Elaphoglossum sp.), for bloody dysentery. ^[[ElpElaSpc1]]
Figure 6.17. yàg-yàaz-ngǎs `black chamizo´, cihuapatli, Montanoa tomentosa, to facilitate childbirth. ^[[AstMonTom1]]
Figure 6.18. bàz (Phlebodium aureolatum) is “cold” and thus appropriate for treating “hot” or bloody diarrheas. ^[[PlpPhlAur2]]
Figure 6.19. guìzh-nìzh, literally `anise herb´ (Tagetes filifolia), a gentle remedy for a child´s diarrhea. ^[[AstTagFil1]]
Figure 6.20. bâr-dòo-lǎ `very bitter stalk´ (Tithonia tubaeformis), a bitter remedy for stomach upset. ^[[AstTitTub1]]
Figure 6.21. guìzh-màrrûb `horehound´ (Marrubium vulgare) is drunk for a “bilious stomach” ^[[LamMarVul1]]
Figure 6.22. ptiè (Chenopodium ambrosioides) a vermifuge, particularly to rid the patient of parasitic roundworms. ^[[ChnCheAmb2]]
Figure 6.23. yàg-blâg-bìdz `dry-leaf tree/shrub´, Dodonaea viscosa. ^[[SapDodVis1]]
Figure 6.24. guìzh-guièe-rò `cough flowering herb´ or estafiate (Mexican wormwood, Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana). It is bitter and “hot.” Combined with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) it is recommended for tos pasmado `spasmatic cough´. ^[[AstArtLud1]]
Figure 6.25. guìzh-rquiá-yàn̲ `sore-throat herb´, Eupatorium petiolare. ^[[AstEupSpc1]]
Figure 6.26. guièe-sàntàmàrî-mòntês `Saint Mary´s flower of the mountains´ (Helenium mexicanum), inhaled for `stuffy nose´. ^[[AstHelMex1]]
Figure 6.27. guièe-zhàn̲-biǎa `flower beneath the prickly-pear´ (Oenothera rosea) is inserted in the nostril to treat a bloody nose. ^[[OnaOenRos1]]
Figure 6.28. yàg-yàaz-làs `small/slender chamizo´, Baccharis cf. mexicana. ^[[AstBacMex1]]
Figure 6.29. guìzh-lây `tooth herb´ or guìzh-měy `fungus herb´ (Asclepias curassavica), for toothache. ^[[AscAscCur1]]
Figure 6.30. yàg-guièts-zhìg (ocotillo, Fouquieria formosa), this is the remedy of choice for cold sores; one should chew the buds or flowers. ^[[FoqFouFor1]]
Figure 6.31. ncuàan-yâas `black medicine´ (Heimia salicifolia) is used for an illness called bæ̌æl-yâas `black meat´, characterized by manchas negras `black spots´ and sore bones. ^[[LytHeiSal1]]
Figure 6.32. còrdèvân (e.g., Pedilanthus cf. tomentellus). Traumatic injuries (golpes) may be treated by a topical application to the part affected. ^[[EupPedTom1]]
Figure 6.33. guièe-ló-yâg-guièts, Cladocolea cf. andrieuxii and/or Psittacanthus auriculatus), a species of mistletoe parasitic on acacias (particularly Acacia pennatula), is also recommended for headaches. ^[[LorPsiAur1]]
Figure 6.34. Leaves of Baccharis salicifolius and Barkleyanthus salicifolium compared. ^[[AstBacSal1]]
Figure 6.35. blâg-rzûdz `jimsonweed´ or toloache (Datura stramonium), notorious hallucinogen, used in San Juan primarily to treat swelling or inflammation (guì) due to aire or sore feet due to chaneque. ^[[SolDatStr2]]
Figure 6.36. guièe-pûnt `angel´s-trumpet´ or floripondio (Brugmansia cf. versicolor is shown here), used also to treat swelling or inflammation (guì) due to aire. ^[[SolBruSan1]]
Figure 6.37. lbæ̀-blâg-pâsm `pasmo leaf vine´ (Cissus sicyoides), prescribed for pâsm `pasmo´, characterized by chills and fever, sore joints, and swelling with skin eruptions. ^[[VitCisSic1]]
Figure 6.38. yàg-blæ̀æ or pingüica (Arctostaphylos pungens), to treat a variety of kidney ailments. ^[[EriArcPun1]]
Figure 6.39. guièe-dzùu, pericón, Tagetes lucida. ^[[AstTagLuc1]]
Figure 6.40. guièe-ròsà-côl, the `cabbage rose´ (Rosa cf. chinensis), too `hot´ to handle. Avoided by pregnant women. ^[[RosRosChi1]]
Figure 6.41. yàg-læ̀, alcornoque, Acacia angustissima. [[FabAcaAng1]]
Figure 6.42. guìzh-nàad `sticky herb´, Mentzelia hispida. ^[[LoaMenHis1]]
Figure 6.43. ncuàan-dzéb-zhòmbrêl, literally `sombrero fright medicine´, Aristolochia cf. pentandra. ^[[ArsAriPen1]]
Figure 6.44. ncuàan-dzéb-cônch `conch fright medicine´, Glandularia spp., Verbena spp. ^[[VrbGlaBip1]]
Figure 6.45. yàg-guièe-zhǐn `rotten-flower tree´, botón zhiwite, Cestrum dumetorum. ^[[SolCesDum1]]
Figure 6.46. ncuàan-dzéb-guièel `night-fright medicine´, Pellaea ovata, is particularly widely recognized as a treatment for `night fright´. ^[[AdiPelOva1]]
Figure 6.47. ncuàan-dzéb-còrâl-zhùs `female coral fright medicine´, Anagalis arvensis ssp. arvensis. ^[[PrmAnaArv1]]
Figure 6.48. ncuàan-dzéb-còrâl-zhèy `male coral fright medicine´, Anagalis arvensis ssp. cerulea. ^[[PrmAnaArv2]]
Figure 6.49. guìzh-zhì-wìin `herb for their weeping´, Stachys coccinea. An infusion is prescribed for a child´s separation anxiety. ^[[LamStaCoc1]]
Figure 6.50. sièmprvîv <Sp. `live forever´, Selaginella lepidophylla. ^[[SelSelLep1]]
Figure 6.51. blàg-wì[-nzhên] `broad[-leaved] butterfly bush´ (Buddleia sessiliflora), an important treatment for chaneque. ^[[LogBudSes1]]
Figure 6.52. blâg-zhnâzh `Virgin´s leaf´, Croton ciliato-glanduliferum. ^[[EupCroCil1]]
Figure 6.53. zhì-ncuàan-ná-zhnâzh `Virgin Mother´s medicine´ a.k.a. ololiuqui or piule, the famed hallucinogenic morning-glory of the Aztecs, (Ipomoea cf. bicolor). The seeds are eaten to divine the cause of a “fright” suffered while far from home, likely attributable to the anger of a stranger. ^[[CnvIpoBic1]]
Figure 6.54. guìzh-yêrb `herb herb´, Roldana sp. or Senecio canecida. ^[[AstSenCan1]]
Figure 6.55. guìzh-ncuàan `poison herb´, Rigidelia orthantha. ^[[IriRigOrt1]]
Figure 6.56. yàg-guièe-guiâ, cuatle, Eysenhardtia polyastachea. ^[[FabEysPol1]]
Figure 6.57. blâg-wè, hoja de San Pablo, Wigandi urens. ^[[HydWigUre1]]
Table 6.1. Medicinal plant species by origin (native to Mexico or introduced from elsewhere) and management status (cultivated, wild, both, or market herbs). ^[TabSixOne1]
Table 6.2. Non-cultivated medicinal plant species (including those that occur both cultivated and non-cultivated) by association with human disturbance. ^[TabSixTwo1]
Table 6.3. Summary of types of medicinal plant treatments in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabSixThr1]
Table 6.4. Examples of terms with the prefix guièl̲- (Reeck 1991). ^[TabSixFou1]
Table 6.5. Examples of diseases with the suffix -guîdz. ^[TabSixFiv1]
Table 6.6. Medicinal Herbs Characterized as to “Hot” or “Cold” by Linares, Bye, and Flores (1999), with San Juan Gbëë Correspondences. ^[TabSixSix1]
Table 6.7. Some examples of plant parts used in San Juan remedies. ^[TabSixSev1]
Table 6.8. Some examples of San Juan medicinal plants restricted by habitat. ^[TabSixEig1]
Table 6.9. Examples of limpias employed in San Juan Gbëë. ^[TabSixNin1]
Table 6.10. Gastrointestinal remedies. ^[TabSixTen1]
Table 6.11. Remedies for complaints of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and throat. ^[TabSixEle1]
Table 6.12. Remedies for skin problems, wounds, etc. ^[TabSixTwe1]
Table 6.13. Remedies for bodily pains and fevers. ^[TabSixThi1]
Table 6.14. Remedies for urinary tract problems. ^[TabSixRtn1]
Table 6.15. Remedies related to childbearing. ^[TabSixVtn1]
Table 6.16. Remedies for fright. ^[TabSixXtn1]
Table 6.17. Remedies for emotional distress. ^[TabSixStn1]
Table 6.18. Remedies for spiritual maladies. ^[TabSixEtn1]
Table 6.19. Remedies for conditions afflicting animals. ^[TabSixNtn1]
Table 6.20. Comparison of large plant families by medicinal salience. ^[TabSixTwn1]
Table 6.21. Statistical comparison of several regional floras (cf. Moerman et al. 1999); for San Juan in raw numbers of medicinal species, for the rest in terms of the proportion of the total number of local species of the family; italicized numbers indicate rank from the bottom. ^[TabSixTon1]
Chapter VII
Figure 7.1. Women climbing Cerro San Isidro with frangipani a.k.a. flor de mayo, to offer ngùzì `god of thunder´ to bring the rains. ^[[CerSanIsi6]]
Figure 7.2. Lilia packing flowers home. ^[[PeoSanLil3]]
Figure 7.3. Floral arch for Todos Santos, giant reed (gòob-guì) with marigolds (guièe-cǒb). ^[[PeoSanLil6]]
Figure 7.4. Church entry decorated for Christmas with “Spanish moss” (Tillandsia usneoides, bzhǎazh-nquǐts) and Dasylirion “stars” (mèl-ptsìis). ^[[DrcDasSer1]]1
Figure 7.5. Wedding corsage, guièe-niè `hand flower´: fangipani flower (Plumeria rubra, guièe-yǎl) in citrus leaves. ^[[ApoPluRub4]], ^[[ApoPluRub5]]
Figure 7.6. Floral cross at acabo del año memorial service. ^[[CerAcaAno2]]
Figure 7.7. guìzh-dǐp-guièe `flowery grass´, Melinus repens. ^[[PoaMelRep1]]
Figure 7.8. Two varieties of the cultivated marigold, Tagetes erecta, `male´, guièe-cǒb-yàg, and `female´, guièe-cǒb-mzhìg. ^[[AstTagEre3]]
Figure 7.9. Marigolds, Tagetes patula (guièe-cǒb-guìin) with Tagetes erecta in the foreground (guièe-cǒb-mzhìg). ^[[AstTagPat1]]
Figure 7.10. A “false” marigold, Dyssodia tagetifolia (guièe-cǒb-gǒn). ^[[AstDysTag1]]
Figure 7.11. Tagetes cf. lunulata (guièe-cǒb-làs). ^[[AstTagLun1]]
Figure 7.12. Stick-tight, Bidens cf. pilosa (guièe-t{i:}-nquǐts). ^[[AstBidPil3]]
Figure 7.13. Stick-tight, Bidens cf. aurea (guièe-t{i:}-nguěts). ^[[AstBidAur1]]
Figure 7.14. Stick-tight, Bidens cf. ostruthioides (guièe-t{i:}-dán). ^[[AstBidOst1]]
Figure 7.15. Simsia amplexicaulis (guièe-bnîil̲-guièts-nguěts). ^[[AstSimAmp1]]
Figure 7.16. Simsia sanguinea (guièe-bnîil̲-guièts-mòrâd). ^[[AstSimSan2]]
Figure 7.17. Tithonia diversifolia (guièe-bnîil̲-zhǐil). ^[[AstTitDiv1]]
Figure 7.18. Cosmos bipinnatus (guièe-dâl-làs). ^[[AstCosBip1]]
Figure 7.19. Dahlia coccinea (guièe-dâl-mrùux, guièe-dâl-nìzhniê). ^[[AstDahCoc2]]
Figure 7.20. Dahlia australis var. australis (guièe-dâl-mrùux). ^[[AstDahAus2]]
Figure 7.21. Cosmos crithmifolius (guièe-dâl-mrùux). ^[[AstCosCri1]]
Figure 7.22. Cosmos diversifolius (guièe-dâl-mrùux, guièe-dâl-nquǐts). ^[[AstCosDiv1]]
Figure 7.23. Dahlia pinnata Decorative Flower Group, peach-colored doubled flower (guièe-dâl-mzhìg). ^[[AstDahHor1]]
Figure 7.24. Dahlia excelsa, flower (guièe-dâl-mòrâd). ^AstDahExc1
Figure 7.25. Dahlia excelsa, stalk (guièe-dâl-mòrâd). ^[[AstDahExc2]]
Figure 7.26. The wild Zinnia peruana (guièe-bgùs). ^[[AstZinPer1]]
Figure 7.27. Stevia cf. salicifolia (guièe-nziù). ^[[AstSteSal1]]
Figure 7.28. Euphorbia pulcherima, flor de navidad, poinsettia (guièe-chên). ^[[EupEupPul1]]
Figure 7.29. Euchile citrina (guièe-dzîl-nzhíxtò). ^[[OrcEucCit1]]
Figure 7.30. Rhynchostele cervantesii (guièe-dzîl-ndzǐi). ^[[OrcLemCer1]]
Figure 7.31. Laelia furfuracea (guièe-dzîl-cònêf). ^[[OrcLaeFur1]]
Figure 7.32. Govenia capitata (guièe-dzîl-dán). ^[[OrcGovLil1]]
Figure 7.33. Cyprepedium molle (guièe-dòoz). ^[[OrcCypIra1]]
Figure 7.34. Lobelia laxiflora (guièe-dzǐn̲g). ^[[CamLobLax1]]
Figure 7.35. Salvia cf. elegans (guièe-dzǐn̲g). ^[[LamSalEle1]]
Figure 7.36. Cuphea aequipetala (guièe-dzǐn̲g). ^[[LytCupAeq2]]
Figure 7.37. Castilleja tenuiflora (guièe-dzǐn̲g). ^[[OroCasTen2]]
Figure 7.38. Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia (guièe-dzǐn̲g). ^[[ScrLamRhi1]]
Figure 7.39. Penstemon campanulatus (guièe-dzǐn̲g or guièe-měets). ^[[ScrPenCam1]]
Figure 7.40. Castilleja arvensis (guièe-dzǐn̲g or x-côl-mæ̀cw-zhǐil). ^[[OroCasArv1]]
Figure 7.41. The azucena, Milla biflora (guièe-xtsèe `evening flower´), Oaxaca´s state flower. ^[[AllMilBif1]]
Figure 7.42. A weedy evening-primrose, Oenothera laciniata ssp. pubescens (guièe-xtsèe `evening flower´) , with white- and yellow-flowered forms. ^[[OnaOenLac1]]
Figure 7.43. Morning-glories, Ipomoea spp. (guièe-rrè `vase flower´). ^[[CnvIpoSpp1]]
Figure 7.44. Sedum praealtum (guièe-yùzh `sand flower´). ^[[CrsSedPra1]]
Figure 7.45. Echeverria sp. (guièe-yùzh `sand flower´). ^[[CrsEchSpc1]]
Figure 7.46. Nothoscordum striatum (nlěch-bæ̀z `fox onion´). ^[[AllNotStr1]]
Figure 7.47. Bomarella hirtella (guièe-còrôn-côp `cup crown flower´). ^[[AlsBomHir1]]
Figure 7.48. Echeandia cf. reflexa (x-tòoz-péch `turkey vulture´s milpa´). ^[[AthEchSpc1]]
Figure 7.49. Commelinaceae sp. (x-tòoz-ngǎ `raven´s milpa). ^[[CmmGenSpc1]]
Figure 7.50. Tinantia erecta (guièe-nìt `sugarcane flower´). ^[[CmmTinEre1]]
Figure 7.51. Erygium cf. gracile (guièe-guìib `metal flower´). ^[[ApiEryGra1]]
Figure 7.52. Anoda cristata (guìzh-quês `cheese plant´). ^[[MlvAnoCri1]]
Figure 7.53. Pinguicula moranensis (diàg-cûch `pig´s ear´). ^[[LntPinMor1]]
Figure 7.54. Pinaropappus roseus (guièe-mòrâd). ^[[AstPinRos1]]
Figure 7.55. Calendula officinalis (guièe-nguěts). ^[[AstCalOff1]]
Figure 7.56. Aster moranensis (guièe-nquǐts). ^[[AstAstMor1]]
Figure 7.57. Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia (yàg-guièe-yǎl). ^[[ApoPluRub3]]
Figure 7.58. Mosses, lichens, and bromeliads (Tillandsia usneoides) for sale before Christmas in Oaxaca. ^[[SceOaxMar1]]
Figure 7.59. Tillandsia macdougalli in flower (bliòo). ^[[BmlTilMac2]]
Figure 7.60. Floral offerings at the shrine on Cerro San Isidro. ^[[CerSanIsi4]]
Figure 7.61. Pteridium aquilinum, bracken fern (guìzh-crûz prototype). ^[[DstPteAqu1]]
Figure 7.62. Cyperus cf. flavus, a sedge (guìzh-dǐp-crûz). ^[[CypCypFla1]]
Figure 7.63. The floral cross at the Acabo del Año. ^[[CerAcaAno2]]
Figure 7.64. Calla lily, cartucho (guièe-càrtûch), Zantedeschia aethiopica. ^[[AraZanAet2]]
Figure 7.65. Canna indica (guièe-blâg-bdiò). ^[[CnnCanInd1]]
Figure 7.66. Mirabilis jalapa (guièe-màràvî). ^[[NycMirJal1]]
Figure 7.67. Amni majus (guièe-ncâj). ^[[ApiAmnMaj2]]
Figure 7.68. Nerium oleander, oleander (yàg-guièe-rôs-laùrêl). ^[[ApoNerOle2]]
Figure 7.69. Leonotis nepetaefolia (guièe-guièts `spiny flower´). ^[[LamLeoNep1]]
Figure 7.70. Tropaeolum majus, maltuerso, nasturtium (guièe-màltuêrs). ^[[TrpTroMaj1]]
Table 7.1. Garden Summaries. ^[TabSevOne1]
Chapter VIII
Figure 8.1. Griselda and Lilia playing milpa. ^[[PeoSanLil4]]
Figure 8.2. A play altar in the garden decorated for Todos Santos. ^[[PeoCruFam2]]
Figure 8.3. Altar on Cerro San Isidro. ^[[CerSanIsi2]]
Figure 8.4. Miniature milpa for La Fiesta de la Santa Cruz on Cerro San Isidro. ^[[CerSanIsi5]]
Figure 8.5. Tending pine cone animals for La Fiesta de la Santa Cruz on Cerro San Isidro. ^[[PeoSanLil7]]
Figure 8.6. Interviews along the næ̀z-guìzh or plant trail. ^[[SceNezGui1]]
Table 8.1. Acquisition of botanical terminology in three communities. ^[TabEigOne1]
Table 8.2. Summary statistics on individual plant name inventories. ^[TabEigTwo1]
Table 8.3. Lilia´s plant inventory of 12 September 2000, San Juan Gbëë, Oaxaca, Mexico. ^[TabEigThr1]
Table 8.4. Plant trail species by life form, origin, cultivation, and use value. ^[TabEigFou1]
Table 8.5. Plant trail participants, San Juan Gbëë, 2001-2002. ^[TabEigFiv1]
Table 8.6. Scores of plant trail interviewees by sex, age, and schooling. ^[TabEigSix1]
Chart 8.1. Scatterplot of plant trail recognition scores by age for all children (N = 36). ^[[LinNezGui1]]
Chart 8.2. Scatterplot of plant trail recognition scores by school grade for all children (N = 36). ^[[LinNezGui3]]
Chart 8.3. Correlation of plant trail recognition scores by sex, female on the left. ^[[LinNezGui5]]
Table P.1. Gbëë phoneme inventory in the practical orthography, consonants.
| - | labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | labiovelar |
| occlusive | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | p | t | - | c, qu, k | cu, cw |
| —lenis | b | d | - | g, gu | gu, gü, gw |
| affricate | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | - | ts | ch | - | - |
| —lenis | - | dz | dx | - | - |
| fricative | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | [f] | s | x | [x] | - |
| —lenis | - | z | zh | - | - |
| nasal | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | m̲ | n̲ | ñ | ngu | - |
| —lenis | m | n | - | ngu | - |
| lateral | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | - | l̲ | - | - | - |
| —lenis | - | l | - | - | - |
| vibrant | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | - | rr, r̲ | - | - | - |
| —lenis | - | r | - | - | - |
| semivowels | - | - | - | - | - |
| —fortis | w | - | y | - | - |
| —lenis | w | - | y | - | - |
This chart is adapted from Reeck (1991:262-70). Symbols in brackets are found only in Spanish loans. Sounds with multiple spellings follow Spanish orthographic rules.
Table P.2. Gbëë Zapotec Phoneme Inventory in the Practical Orthography: Vowels.
| - | front simple | front glottalized | back simple | back glottalized |
| high | í, ì, î, ǐ | íi, ìi, îi, ǐi | ú, ù, û, ǔ | úu, ùu, ûu, ǔu |
| mid | é, è, ê, ě | ée, èe, êe, ěe | ó, ò, ô, ǒ | óo, òo, ôo, ǒo |
| low | ǽ, æ̀, æ̂, æ̌ | ǽæ, æ̀æ, æ̂æ, æ̌æ | á, à, â, ǎ | áa, àa, âa, ǎa |
| diphthongs | - | - | - | - |
| - | íe, íæ | íu, ío, ía | úi, úe, úæ | úo, úa |
| - | ìe, ìæ | ìu, ìo, ìa | ùi, úe, ùæ | ùo, ùa |
| - | îe, îæ | îu, îo, îa | ûi, ûe, ûæ | ûo, ûa |
| - | ǐe, ǐæ | ǐu, ǐo, ǐa | ǔi, ǔe, ǔæ | ǔo, ǔa |
Tones are listed in sequence: high, low, falling (high to low), rising (low to high).
Table 4.1. Gbëë Zapotec Taxonomic Hierarchy.
|
unique beginner / life-form |
folk generic |
folk specific |
|
yâg `tree´ |
yàg-pxù `glaucous-leaved oak´ |
yàg-pxù-làs `slender glaucous-leaved oak´ |
|
guièe `flower´ |
guièe-cǒb |
`zempasuchil´
guièe-cǒb-gòn `fallow field zempasuchil´ |
|
guìzh `herbaceous plant´ |
guìzh-ncuàan-dzéb `fright medicinal herb´ |
guìzh-ncuàan-dzéb-guièel `night fright medicinal herb´ |
|
dòb `maguey´ |
dòb-guièdz `fiber maguey´ | -
|
|
měy `fungus´ |
měy-yàg `tree fungus´
měy-yàg-guièr `pine tree fungus´* | -
|
|
mguîn `bird´ |
cuǐl `jay´ |
cuǐl-guì `Steller´s jay´ |
|
mâ `animal´ [kingdom] |
ngurǎgw
`lizard´ |
ngurǎgw-zhòy `spiny-lizard sp.´ |
|
mâ `animal´ [kingdom] |
ngudzìi
`spider´ |
ngudzìi-zhàb `tarantula´ |
|
mâ `animal´ [kingdom] |
mâ-dòozhêr `scissor animal´, i.e., earwig |
mâ-dòozhêr-nrôob `large earwig´ |
měy-yàg-guièr `pine tree fungus´ is not a kind of měy-yàg `tree fungus´, so it is not a folk specific but rather a folk generic in its own right
Table 4.2. Numbers (Percentages) of Alternative Life-form Assignments.
| - |
Total cases |
guìzh |
guièe |
yâg |
blâg |
lbæ̀ |
Total overlaps |
|
guìzh |
144 |
- |
26 (18%) |
10 (7%) |
4 (3%) |
0 (0%) |
40 (28%) |
|
guièe |
93 |
26 (28%) |
- |
3 (3%) |
4 (4%) |
1 (1%) |
34 (37%) |
|
yâg |
115 |
10 (9%) |
3 (3%) |
- |
3 (3%) |
0 (0%) |
16 (14%) |
|
blâg |
27 |
4 (15%) |
4 (15%) |
3 (11%) |
- |
1 (4%) |
12 (44%) |
|
lbæ̀ |
8 |
0 (0%) |
1 (13%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (13%) |
- |
2 (25)% |
Adapted from Hunn 1998:45, Table 5.
Table 4.3. Numbers (Percentages) of Multiple Life-form Assignments.
| - |
Total cases |
guìzh |
guièe |
yâg |
blâg |
lbæ̀ |
Total overlaps |
|
guìzh |
144 |
- |
11 (8%) |
1 (1%) |
2 (1%) |
0 (0%) |
14 (10%) |
|
guièe |
93 |
0 (0%) |
- |
3 (3%) |
1 (1%) |
1 (1%) |
5 (5%) |
|
yâg |
115 |
1 (1%) |
9 (8%) |
- |
2 (2%) |
0 (0%) |
12 (10%) |
|
blâg |
27 |
2 (7%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
- |
0 (0%) |
2 (7%) |
|
lbæ̀ |
8 |
0 (0%) |
1 (13%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
- |
1 (13%) |
|
Total overlaps |
- |
3 (2%) |
21 (23%) |
4 (3%) |
5 (19%) |
1 (13%) |
34 |
Adapted from Hunn 1998:45, Table 6. Life-form terms on the left precede those in the top row.
Table 4.4. San Juan Zapotec pines (Pinus).
| Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb.
| yàg-là = yàg-grètâd |
| Pinus devoniana Lindley
| yâg-guièr or yàg-guièr-dán-ptsæ̌æ |
| Pinus douglasiana Martínez
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus hartwegii Lindley
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus leiophylla Schl. et Cham. var. leiophylla
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schlechtendal var. trifoliata Martínez
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. var. pseudostrobus
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus pseudostrobus Lindley var. apulcensis (Lindley) G. R. Shaw
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus tecunumanii Equiluz & J. P. Perry
| yâg-guièr |
| Pinus teocote Schl. & Cham.
| yâg-guièr or yàg-guièr-quiè |
Table 4.5. San Juan Zapotec oaks (Quercus).
| Quercus acutifolia Née &
Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl.
| yàg-lbìis |
| Quercus castanea Née
| yàg-yù = yàg-xìid[-làs] |
| Quercus obtusata Humb. & Bonpl.
| yàg-xìid-mběe = yàg-xìid-diè |
| Quercus glaucoides Mart. & Gal.
| yàg-pxû-0 |
| Quercus liebmanii Oersted
| yàg-pxû-ngǎs |
| Quercus sebifera Trelease
| yàg-pxû-làs |
| Quercus peduncularis Née
[> Quercus deserticola Trelease]
| yàg-pxù-yěets = yàg-pxû-diè |
| Quercus conzattii Trel.
| yàg-zhòg[-nquǐts] |
| Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl.
[> Quercus laeta Liebm., Quercus rugosa Née
| yàg-zhòg-yàas = yàg-zhòg-diè |
| Quercus magnoliifolia Née
| yàg-rèdz |
Table 4.6. A Summary of San Juan Zapotec Plant Taxa.
| - |
Named |
Covert |
total |
| Life-form |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Intermediate |
2 |
- |
2 |
| Generic |
452 |
0 |
452 |
| polytypic |
[111 (25%)] | -
| -
|
| Specific |
315 |
46 |
361 |
| polytypic |
[8 (4%)] | -
| -
|
| Varietal |
23 |
0 |
23 |
| Terminal taxa |
679 |
46 |
717 |
| Total taxa |
798 |
46 |
844 |
Table 4.7. Statistical summaries of animal names by type and taxonomic rank
| - |
Tgen |
MonoG |
PolyG |
Spec |
Var |
TTerm |
TTax |
|
Animals |
253 |
198 |
54 |
203 |
2 |
403 |
461 |
|
Mammals |
38 |
31 |
7 |
16 |
0 |
47 |
54 |
|
Birds |
69 |
54 |
14 |
48 |
0 |
103 |
118 |
|
Herp/Fish |
23 |
19 |
4 |
13 |
0 |
32 |
38 |
|
Inverts |
123 |
94 |
29 |
126 |
2 |
221 |
251 |
Table 4.8. Mammal species reported from the Sierra de Miahuatlán and vicinity
|
Marsupialia |
Didelphidae |
Didelphis marsupialis |
ngòl-bèdz, tlàcuâch |
|
Marsupialia |
Didelphidae |
Marmosa spp. (n = 2) |
tlàcuâch-bèd ? or 0 |
|
Insectivora |
Soricidae |
Sorex spp. (n = 3), Cryptotis spp. (n = 2), Notiosorex phillipsii |
0 |
|
Chiroptera |
Emballonuridae |
5 families, 23 genera, 36 species |
nguǐd-bzîn |
|
Primates |
Cebidae |
Ateles geoffroyi |
má-chîn, mæ̌cw |
|
Edentata |
Myrmecophagidae |
Tamandua tetradactyla [x] |
càtòrcè-fuêrz |
|
Edentata |
Dasypodidae |
Dasypus novemcinctus |
ngùp [>2 forms] |
|
Lagomorpha |
Leporidae |
Sylvilagus cunicularis |
cònêf-dán-ptsæ̌æ, cònêf-dán |
|
Lagomorpha |
Leporidae |
Sylvilagus floridanus |
cònêf-yá-guì, cònêf-dán |
|
Lagomorpha |
Leporidae |
Oryctolagus cuniculus |
cònêf-xtîl, cònêf-ró-yù |
|
Lagomorpha |
Leporidae |
Lepus callotis callotis |
mliàn |
|
Rodentia |
Sciuridae |
Sciurus aureogaster |
ndzǐz-0 |
|
Rodentia |
Sciuridae |
Glaucomys volans |
ndzǐz-rsìibê |
|
Rodentia |
Geomyidae |
Orthogeomys grandis |
měy, tuz |
|
Rodentia |
Heteromyidae |
Liomys spp. (n = 3) |
mzìn-bèd |
|
Rodentia |
Cricetidae, Muridae |
2 families, 10 genera, 24 species |
mzîn-0 |
|
Rodentia |
Cricetidae |
a particularly small field mouse |
mzîn-nguǐit |
|
Rodentia |
Muridae |
Mus musculus |
mzîn-bèed ? |
|
Rodentia |
Erithizontidae |
Coendou mexicanus [x?] |
0 |
|
Carnivora |
Canidae |
Canis familiaris |
mæ̀cw |
|
Carnivora |
Canidae |
Canis latrans |
bæ̌w, còyôt, bèedz-bæ̌w |
|
Carnivora |
Canidae |
Canis lupus baileyi [x] |
0 |
|
Carnivora |
Canidae |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus |
mæ̀z [>2 forms] |
|
Carnivora |
Procyonidae |
Bassariscus astutus, B. sumichrasti |
mèedz-cuǐ |
|
Carnivora |
Procyonidae |
Procyon lotor |
ngòl-bzhiè, màpâch |
|
Carnivora |
Procyonidae |
Nasua narica |
mzhìidz [>2 forms] |
|
Carnivora |
Procyonidae |
Potos flavus [x?] |
mârt ? or 0 |
|
Carnivora |
Mustelidae |
Mustela frenata |
mèebæ̀ |
|
Carnivora |
Mustelidae |
Eira barbara [x?] |
mârt ? or 0 |
|
Carnivora |
Mustelidae |
Spilogale putorius |
mèt-wǐin |
|
Carnivora |
Mustelidae |
Mephitis macroura |
mèt-0, mèt-ngǎs |
|
Carnivora |
Mustelidae |
Conepatus mesoleucus [x?] |
mèt-nquǐts ? |
|
Carnivora |
Mustelidae |
Lutra annectens |
mǽcw-guiùu |
|
Carnivora |
Felidae |
Felis cattus |
bǐch, mǐts |
|
Carnivora |
Felidae |
Felis onca [x] |
mèedz-tîgr, tîgr |
|
Carnivora |
Felidae |
Felis concolor |
mèedz-miè, leôn |
|
Carnivora |
Felidae |
Felis pardalis, Felis wiedii [x?] |
mèedz-yâg, mèedz-cìlôt |
|
Carnivora |
Felidae |
Felis yagouaroundi [x?] |
0 |
|
Carnivora |
Felidae |
Lynx rufus |
mèedz-ràbôn, mèedz-bôn |
|
Perissodactyla |
Equidae |
Equus asinus |
bûrr, bǔrr |
|
Perissodactyla |
Equidae |
Equus asinus x caballus |
mùl, mâch; guây |
|
Perissodactyla |
Equidae |
Equus caballus |
càbây, yêw |
|
Artiodactyla |
Tayassuidae |
Tayassu tajacu |
ngǔts-guìx, ngǔts-quiè |
|
Artiodactyla |
Suidae |
Sus scrofa |
ngǔts-0 [>2 forms] |
|
Artiodactyla |
Cervidae |
Odocoileus virginianus |
mdzìn |
|
Artiodactyla |
Cervidae |
Mazama americana |
mtság |
|
Artiodactyla |
Bovidae |
Bos taurus |
ngǒn |
|
Artiodactyla |
Bovidae |
Ovis aries |
mæ̀cw-xǐil |
|
Artiodactyla |
Bovidae |
Capra hircus |
chǐv |
Table 4.9. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish recognized in San Juan Gbëë
|
Pisces |
pez, pescado |
fish in general, animal and/or food |
mèl* |
|
Pisces in part |
pez de los ríos de SJG |
fish, local rivers |
mèl-0 |
|
Pisces in part |
sardines |
sardines |
mèl-làs |
|
Pisces in part |
lisa |
fish, one type sold in the market |
mèl-lîs |
|
Pisces in part |
mojarro |
mojarro, type sold in the market |
mòjâr |
|
Pisces in part |
sabalote |
kind of fish with spiny fins, sold in the market |
sàbàlôt |
|
Pisces in part |
pescado cocinado |
fish, cooked |
mèl-yèeg |
|
Pisces in part |
pescado asado |
fish, fried |
mèl-yé |
|
Pisces in part |
pescado ensalado |
fish, salted |
mèl-zêd |
|
Pisces in part |
pescado tostado |
fish, toasted |
mèl-guiěex |
|
Anura | -
|
Hyla spp., Eleutherodactylus sp., Rana sp. |
mbîich* |
|
Anura | -
|
tadpole |
mlôol* |
|
Anura |
Bufonidae |
Bufo sp. |
měe-bědz* |
| -
|
salamandra |
Pseudoeurycea, Bolitoglossa |
ngurǎgw-mèel 2* |
| -
|
Crocodrilidae, Alligatoridae |
Crocodrilus acutus, Caiman fuscus |
měn* [= làgârt] |
| -
|
Crocodrilidae, Alligatoridae |
Crocodrilus acutus, Caiman fuscus |
měn* [= làgârt] |
| -
|
Crocodrilidae, Alligatoridae |
Crocodrilus acutus, Caiman fuscus |
měn* [= làgârt] |
|
Ophidia |
serpiente, culebra |
snake, < Thamnophis sp., aff. Tantilla sp., Crotalus molossus nigrescens |
mèel* [= ràstrâd] |
|
Ophidia |
Colubridae |
“deer snake” |
ngòoz-mdzìn, mèel-ngòoz-mdzìn |
|
Ophidia |
Colubridae |
rat snake |
ngòoz-dzìn, mèel-ngòoz-dzìn |
|
Ophidia |
culebra de mecate |
mythical giant water snake, “rain” snake |
mèel-dòo* |
|
Ophidia |
culebra del cerro |
type of rattlesnake |
miàab, mèel-miàab |
|
Ophidia |
cualquier serpiente venenosa |
any poisonous snake |
mèel-dǒx* |
|
Ophidia |
corallilo,
culebra cazador |
Micrurus browni, M. ephippifer, Lampropeltis sp. |
mziǒn, mèel-mziǒn |
|
Ophidia |
Crotalidae tipo de culebra, crestita |
Ophyracus undulatus ? |
mèel-gây = mèel-ndiàg [San Pedro Gbëë] |
|
Ophidia |
tipo de culebra |
type of snake |
mèel-yâg |
|
Ophidia |
tipo de culebra venenosa |
type of poisonous snake |
miùung |
|
Ophidia |
Crotalidae |
Crotalus durissus culminatus, C. molossus nigrescens, C. intermedius gloydi;
Sistrurus ravus brunneus |
ngubìdz, mèel-ngubìdz |
|
Ophidia |
Crotalidae |
Crotalus mollossus nigrescens |
ngubìdz-yàas, mèel-ngubìdz-yàas [+San Pedro
Gbëë], mèel-ngubìdz-ngǎs |
|
Ophidia |
Crotalidae |
Crotalus mollossus nigrescens |
ngubìdz-yěets, mèel-ngubìdz-yěets* |
|
Ophidia |
Crotalidae |
rattlesnakes in general; Crotalus spp., vibora sorda |
mèel-nguâat |
|
Ophidia |
Crotalidae |
Crotalus sp. |
mèel-ngutòo |
|
Squamata |
lagartija |
lizard |
ngurǎgw* [= chòrǎgw] |
|
Squamata |
Gekkonidae; Anolidae |
Norops (Anolis) sangrei |
ngùrǎgw-guìd, ngùrǎgw-guìd-rôj, ngùrǎgw-làs |
|
Squamata |
lagartija lisa |
Ameiva sp., Aspidoscelis (Cnemidophorus) sp. |
ngurǎgw-mèel 1* |
|
Squamata |
escorpión [o salamandra] |
Heloderma horridum, Gerrhonotus liocephalus |
mèel-nì |
|
Squamata |
Iguanidae |
Iguana, Ctenosaura |
ngutsiěts* |
|
Squamata |
Iguanidae |
Iguana iguana |
ngutsiěts-guièl*, ngutsiěts-vérd |
|
Squamata |
Iguanidae |
Ctenosaura similis |
ngutsiěts-ngǎs |
|
Squamata |
cameleón |
Phrynosoma braconnieri |
mdzîd |
|
Squamata |
tipo de lagartija |
Sceleporus espinosus |
ngùrǎgw-zhòoy |
|
Squamata |
lagartija verde |
Sceleporus formosus, S. jalapae |
ngùrǎgw-ngùzí, ngùrǎgw-nguiǎ, ngùrǎgw-vêrd, ngùrǎgw-yá-guì |
|
Squamata |
lagartija de collar |
Sceloporus mucronotus omiltemanus |
ngùrǎgw-bǎy |
|
Squamata |
lagartija negra o sucia |
Sceleporus siniferus |
ngùrǎgw-ngǎs, ngùrǎgw-bèed, ngùrǎgw-môr, ngùrǎgw-pînt, ngùrǎgw-mǽædz [San Pedro Gbëë] |
|
Squamata |
lagartija de collar |
Sceleporus spp. juvenile |
ngùrǎgw-làs, ngurǎgw-yèen |
|
Testudinata |
tortuga |
tortoise, turtle |
mæ̌gw*, tòrtû]g |
Table 4.10. San Juan Gbëë Birds: Correspondence to Western Scientific Species.
| -
|
generic taxa |
terminal taxa |
|
1:1 correspondence |
49 (71%) |
29 (58%) |
|
underdifferentiated |
20 (29%) |
12 (24%) |
|
overdifferentiated |
0 (0%) |
9 (18%) |
|
Totals |
69 (100%) |
50 (100%) |
Table 4.11. Statistical summaries of invertebrate names by type and taxonomic rank.
| -
|
Tgen |
MonoG |
PolyG |
Spec |
Var |
TTerm |
TTax |
%Tgen |
%global |
|
Invertebrates |
127 |
94 |
31 |
120 |
11 |
221 |
256 |
%Tgen |
%global |
|
NonArthInvert |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
%Tgen |
%global |
|
NonInsectArthr |
14 |
10 |
4 |
29 |
2 |
40 |
45 |
%Tgen |
%global |
|
Insects |
108 |
79 |
27 |
91 |
9 |
176 |
206 |
%Tgen |
%global |
|
Orthoptera |
15 |
7 |
8 |
29 |
2 |
37 |
46 |
14% |
3% |
|
Hemiptera |
12 |
10 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
15 |
17 |
11% |
3% |
|
Coleoptera |
23 |
19 |
4 |
11 |
5 |
34 |
39 |
21% |
41% |
|
Lepidoptera |
14 |
12 |
2 |
7 |
2 |
20 |
23 |
13% |
16% |
|
Diptera |
8 |
4 |
4 |
15 |
0 |
19 |
23 |
7% |
12% |
|
Hymenoptera |
16 |
11 |
5 |
20 |
0 |
31 |
36 |
15% |
15% |
TGen = total folk generic taxa; MonoG = monotypic generics; PolyG = polytypic generics; Spec = total folk specific taxa; Var = total varietal taxa; TTerm = total terminal taxa; TTax = total taxa at all ranks.
Table 4.12. Statistical summaries of invertebrate names by prefix.
| invertebrates
| LF
| gen!
| gen
| GEN
| spec!
| spec
| SPC
| gnonce
| snonce
| totals
|
| má-
| 1
| 8
| 29
| 37
| 0
| 2
| 2
| 22
| 0
| 62
|
| m-
| 0
| 27
| 10
| 37
| 20
| 49
| 69
| 0
| 0
| 106
|
| mé-/měe-
| 0
| 9
| 1
| 10
| 1
| 11
| 12
| 0
| 0
| 22
|
| mèel-
| 0
| 7
| 0
| 7
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 7
|
| mèl-
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
|
| mèedz-
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
|
| mèr-
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
|
| total m-
| 0
| 47
| 13
| 60
| 21
| 60
| 81
| 0
| 0
| 141
|
| ngu-
| 0
| 14
| 1
| 15
| 9
| 51
| 60
| 0
| 1
| 76
|
| total animate
| 1
| 69
| 43
| 112
| 30
| 113
| 143
| 22
| 1
| 279
|
| Spanish
| 0
| 4
| 17
| 21
| 1
| 4
| 5
| 0
| 33
| 59
|
| other
| 0
| 6
| 5
| 11
| 3
| 15
| 18
| 0
| 0
| 29
|
| totals
| 1
| 79
| 65
| 144
| 34
| 132
| 166
| 22
| 34
| 367
|
“LF” is the life form; “gen!” are generic level naming responses that have been independently verified; “spec!” are specific level naming responses with independent verification; “gnonce” are nonce forms at the generic level; “snonce” are nonce forms at the specific level; total m- include m-, mé-/měe-, mèel-, mèl-, mèedz-, mèr-.
The “other” response includes the following: niilye, zhweecw, ndzuc-duent, ngooz-gui, ndxex, xtob, dzing-guieel, ndzeets, ndun, zhingaang, ncueets, ndzin.
Table 4.13. Edible invertebrates.
|
mèl-biù |
Crustacea: Penaida |
crayfish
|
| nguzhánch |
Orthoptera: Acrididae |
grasshopper
|
| měetsǒ |
Orthoptera: Acrididae |
locust
|
| ngùsùuguièr |
Orthoptera: Acrididae |
grasshopper
|
| ngùsôoc |
Orthoptera: Acrididae, Sphenarium |
grasshopper
|
| níil-yě |
Orthoptera: Acrididae |
grasshopper
|
| měextíl |
Orthoptera: Tettigonidae |
katydid
|
| xtǒb-guiě |
Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Strategus |
dung beetle
|
| mtàadz |
Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Strategus, larval |
cutworm; some varieties eaten
|
| mtsàn-blàg-wè |
Lepidoptera: Cossidae |
maguey worm
|
| mèel-dòb |
Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Cossus redtenbanci |
maguey worm
|
| miàdz |
Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Atta mexicana |
chicatana
|
| mæ̀z-ncuěets |
Hymenoptera: Vespoidea |
wasp
|
| nguxǒy |
Hymenoptera: Apoidea |
sweat bee
|
| mzhòodz-dzìn |
Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apis mellifera |
honey bee
|
| mzhòodz-guie |
Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Bombus sp. |
bumblebee
|
| mzhòodz-ngǎs |
Hymenoptera: Apoidea |
carpenter bee
|
| mbîdz-guièt |
Hymenoptera: Apoidea |
bee |
Table 4.14. Medicinal invertebrates.
| erizo del mar
| Echinodermata
| sea urchin
|
| mèl-pchôg
| Crustacea
| crab; for whooping cough
|
| ngulǎdz
| Orthoptera: Acrididae
| band-winged grasshopper
|
| ngulǎdz-còlět
| Insecta, Orthoptera: Acrididae
| wingless grasshopper; for teething babies
|
| mdiǒl
| Insecta, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllus sp
| cricket; for stomach pain
|
| mzhudzh
| Insecta, Coleoptera: Meloidae: Meloe
| oil beetle; for warts
|
| má-nìs-rùdz
| Insecta, Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Zopherus
| for drooling babies
|
| mrêg
| Insecta, Neuroptera Myrmeleontidae
| antlion; for teething babies
|
| mèegù
| Arthropoda, Arachnida: Scorpionida
| scorpion
|
Table 4.15. Good luck charms and other useful invertebrates.
| ngúbéch-yâg |
Insecta, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea |
charm that defines character
|
| méy, mêy |
Insecta, Homoptera, Dactylopidae, Dactylopus spp. |
cochineal insect; produces cochineal dye
|
| dzǐn̲g-guièel |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sphingidae |
mends broken pots
|
| mèel-zhêl |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, larval |
silk worm; produces silk for weaving
|
| má-zhiân |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Mutillidae |
wasp (“velvet ant”); may bring good luck
|
| měeguěts |
Arachnida: Phalangida |
harvestman; good luck charm
|
Table 4.16. Noxious invertebrates.
| lombriz |
Platyhelminthes; Nematomorpha |
intestinal parasite
|
| mèel-yàas |
Arthropoda, Diplopoda |
stings, some say
|
| mégǎl |
Arthropoda, Chilopoda |
stings
|
| mâ-guì |
Arthropoda, Insecta, unidentified |
causes burning rash
|
| měets |
Insecta, Mallophaga |
louse; sucks blood
|
| mèdòo |
Insecta, Mallophaga |
bird louse; attacks poultry
|
| mdiǒl |
Insecta, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllus sp |
cricket; ill omen if enters house; also medicinal
|
| mtǐit |
Insecta, Hemiptera, Cimicidae, Cimex lectularis |
bed bug; bites
|
| ngutǐp |
Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae |
may eat squash blossoms
|
| mèzh or (d)xgìr-gìdzá |
Insecta, Hemoptera, Aphididae |
crop pest, e.g., of faba beans
|
| ngusiôog-lô |
Insecta, Homoptera, Fulgoridae |
hairs may cause blindness
|
| má-bziàa |
Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae |
crop pest
|
| má-bziàa-las |
Insecta, Coleoptera |
crop pest
|
| má-lo-bziàa-xtîl |
Insecta, Coleoptera |
crop pest
|
| má-lo-guièe-bziàa |
Insecta, Coleoptera |
crop pest
|
| mrǔux |
Insecta, Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Phyllophaga sp. |
june bug; larvae are crop pests
|
| mtsàn-0 |
Insecta, Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Phyllophaga sp. |
gallina ciega ; crop pest
|
| má-siêrr |
Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae |
long-horned beetle; kills guaje trees by girdling
|
| ngùxôg |
Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionidae |
weevil; crop pest
|
| pàlòmít-guiělgùt; méguǐd-guiělgùt |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, |
moth; foretells death
|
| mxìl |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, |
moth; infests grain, eats clothing
|
| ngùliá |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, larval |
caterpillar; stings
|
| ngùliá-dùr |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, larval |
caterpillar; stings
|
| x-pæ̀cw[-diôs] |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, larval |
caterpillar; stings
|
| nguliá-nzép |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, larval |
caterpillar; stings
|
| mèel-ziè |
Insecta, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Helicoverpa sp., larval |
crop pest
|
| mèel-bèn |
uncertain |
eats clothing ?
|
| má-zhǒb |
Insecta, |
crop pest
|
| ngurǔdz-0 |
Insecta, Diptera, Simuliidae |
black fly; bites
|
| mèedz-gǒn |
Insecta, Diptera, Simuliidae |
black fly; bites
|
| mlènts-0 |
Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae |
mosquito; bites
|
| còrtà-trîp |
Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae, larval |
mosquito larvae;
|
| mtěed |
Insecta, Diptera, Tabanidae |
horsefly; bites people and animals
|
| nguládz-yè |
Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae |
bottle fly; infects meat
|
| mzióg |
Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae, larval |
maggot; infects meat
|
| mguìd-riàaz |
Insecta, Siphonaptera ? |
flea; attacks poultry
|
| mguìd |
Insecta, Siphonaptera |
flea; bite
|
| mrè-yěets |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae |
ant; stings
|
| ndùn |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae |
ant; stings
|
| má-zhiân |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Mutillidae |
wasp (“velvet ant”); stings; also may bring good luck
|
| mæ̀z-ncuěets |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespoidea |
wasp; stings; also makes honey and edible larvae
|
| zhíngàang |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pompilidae & Vespidae |
wasps; several varieties sting
|
| ndzìn-yû] |
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespoidea |
wasp; stings
|
| mèegù |
Arthropoda, Arachnida, Scorpionida |
scorpion; stings
|
| mèd |
Arthropoda, Parasitiformes, Acarina, Ixodidae, Argasidae |
tick; sucks blood
|
| mèx |
Arthropoda, Parasitiformes, Acarina |
chigger; burrows under skin
|
| ngùdzǐi-còrâl |
Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneida, Theridiidae, Latrodectus sp., |
black widow spider; bites
|
| ngùdzìi-zhàb |
Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneida, Theraphosidae |
tarantula; bites animals
|
Table 4.17. Fungi Recorded from San Juan Gbææ.
| Ascomycota | Ascomycetes | Xylariales | Xylariaceae | Xylaria | sp. | mey |
| Ascomycota | Pyrenomycetes | Sphaeriales | Hypomycetaceae | Hypomyces | lactiflourum | mey-guiin |
| Basidiomycota | Basidiomycetes | Tremellales | Exidiaceae | Tremellodendron | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Homobasidiomycetes | Auriculariales | Auriculariaceae | Auricularia | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Gasteromycetes | Lycoperdales | Geastraceae | Astraeus | hygrometricus | mey-x-quidie |
| Basidiomycota | Gasteromycetes | Lycoperdales | Lycoperdaceae | Lycoperdon | perlatum | mey-x-quidie |
| Basidiomycota | Gasteromycetes | Lycoperdales | Lycoperdaceae | Lycoperdon | umbrinus | mey-x-quidie |
| Basidiomycota | Gasteromycetes | Lycoperdales | Lycoperdaceae | Lycoperdon | sp. | mey-x-quidie |
| Basidiomycota | Gasteromycetes | Lycoperdales | Lycoperdaceae | Morganella | pyriformis | mey-x-quidie |
| Basidiomycota | Gasteromycetes | Lycoperdales | Nidulariaceae | Cyathus | aff. striatus | x-chob-guiet-li |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Agaricaceae | Agaricus | campestris | mey-lan |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Agaricaceae | Agaricus | sylvaticus | mey-lan |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Agaricaceae | Chlorophyllum | molybdites | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Amanitaceae | Amanita | caesarea | mey-yup |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Amanitaceae | Amanita | flaviconia | xin-mey-yup |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Amanitaceae | Amanita | gemmata | xin-mey-yup |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Amanitaceae | Amanita | rubescens | xin-mey-yup |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Amanitaceae | Amanita | muscaria | mey-guiedz |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Coprinaceae | Coprinus | meratus | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Coprinaceae | Lacrymaria | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Coprinaceae | Psathyrella | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Coprinaceae | gen. | sp. | mey-x-quie-burr |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Coprinaceae | gen. | sp. | mey-x-quie-mEcw-xiil |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Coprinaceae | gen. | sp. | mey-x-quie-mdzin |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Cortinariaceae | Cortinarius | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Entolomataceae | Nolanea | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Hygrophoraceae | Camarophyllus | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Hygrophoraceae | Hygrocybe | nigrescens | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Hygrophoraceae | Hygrocybe | cf. psittacina | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Laccariaceae | Laccaria | amethystea | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Laccariaceae | Laccaria | bicolor | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Laccariaceae | Laccaria | laccata | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Lepiotaceae | Lepiota | aff. clypeolaria | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Pleurotaceae | Neolentinus | aff. lepideus | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Pleurotaceae | Pleurotis | cf. ostreatus | mey guier |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Strophariaceae | Psilocybe | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Strophariaceae | Stropharia | aff. semiglobata | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Tricholomataceae | Clitocybe | gibba | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Tricholomataceae | Collybia | aff. dryophila | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Tricholomataceae | Lyophyllum | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Tricholomataceae | Marasmius | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Tricholomataceae | Neomatoloma | fasciculare | mey-nguets |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Tricholomataceae | Tricholoma | sp. | mey-mdzin |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Xerulaceae | Mycena | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Agaricales | Xerulaceae | Xeromphalina | tenuipes | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Cantharellaceae | Cantharellus | cibarius | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Clavariaceae | gen. | sp. | xin-mey-duuzh |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Ramariaceae | Ramaria | botrytis | mey-duuzh |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Ramariaceae | Ramaria | flava | xin-mey-duuzh |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Ramariaceae | Ramaria | aff. formosa | xin-mey-duuzh |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Ramariaceae | Ramaria | spp. complex | xin-mey-duuzh |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Aphyllophorales | Hydnaceae | Hydnum | repandum | mey-coliflor |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Ganodermataceae | Ganoderma | sp. | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Fomitopsis | pinicola | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Gloeophyllum | mexicanum | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Polyporus | terrestris | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Polyporus | tuberaster | mey-yu |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Stereum | ostrea | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Trametes | hirsuta | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Trametes | versicolor | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Trichaptum | abietinum | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Polyporaceae | Trichaptum | biforme | mey-yag |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Schizophyllaceae | Schizophyllum | commune | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Polyporales | Thelephoraceae | Phellodon | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Boletaceae | Boletus | edulis | mey-guiet-xtil |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Boletaceae | Boletus | aff. pinicola | mey-guiet-xtil |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Boletaceae | Suillus | sp. | mey-nrudz |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Gomphidiaceae | Gomphidius | sp. | mey-guier ? |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Gomphidiaceae | gen. | sp. | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Paxillaceae | Hygrophoropsis | aurantiaca | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Lactarius | subdulcis | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Lactarius | torminosus | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Lactarius | volemus | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Russula | brevipes | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Russula | emetica | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Russula | aff. lutea | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Hymenomycetes | Boletales | Russulaceae | Russula | xerampelina | mey |
| Basidiomycota | Ustilaginomycetes | Ustilaginales | Ustilaginaceae | Ustilago | maydis | mey-guiel |
| Myxomycota | Myxomycetes | na | na | na | na | mey |
Table 4.17 lists 74 species of 53 genera representing 32 fungi families.
Table 5.1. San Juan Gbëë cultivated food plants, native.
| Agave americana L. var. oaxacana Gentry |
century plant
|
| Agave angustiarum Trel. |
century plant
|
| Agave angustifolia Haw. |
century plant
|
| Agave karwinskii Zucc. |
century plant
|
| Agave potatorum Zucc. |
century plant
|
| Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck |
century plant
|
| Agave seemanniana Jacobi |
century plant
|
| Amaranthus hybridus L. |
amaranth (3 varieties)
|
| Annona cherimola Mill. |
custard apple
|
| Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) H. B. K. | -
|
| Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum |
chili pepper (9 varieties)
|
| Capsicum pubescens L. |
chili pepper
|
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. |
amaranth (2 varieties)
|
| Crataegus mexicana Moc. et Sesse |
hawthorn
|
| Crataegus pubescens (H. B. K.) Steud. |
hawthorn
|
| Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche |
squash
|
| Cucurbita pepo L. ssp pepo var 1 |
squash
|
| Cucurbita pepo L. ssp pepo var 2 |
zucchini
|
| Erythrina americana Mill. |
coral bean
|
| Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose | -
|
| Ipomoea cf. orizabensis (Pell.) Led. ex Standl. |
sweet potato
|
| Leucaena esculenta (Moc. & Sess.) Benth. | -
|
| Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit ssp. glabrata (Rose) S. Zárate | -
|
| Leucaena pallida Britton & Rose | -
|
| Litsea glaucescens Kunth | -
|
| Lycopersicon esculentum Miller |
tomato
|
| Mentha sp. | -
|
| Micromeria chamissonis (Benth.) E. Greene | -
|
| Opuntia (Nopalea) auberi (Pfeiffer) Salm.-Dyck | -
|
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. |
prickly-pear cactus
|
| Opuntia robusta Wendland. var. larreyi (Weber) Bravo |
prickly-pear cactus
|
| Pachycereus marginatus (de Candolle) Buxbaum | -
|
| Parmentiera edulis DC. |
tree cucumber
|
| Persea americana Mill. |
avocado (3 varieties)
|
| Phaseolus vulgaris L. |
common bean (9 varieties)
|
| Physalis philadelphica Lam. |
husk tomato
|
| Piper auritum H. B. K. |
black pepper
|
| Prunus serotina ssp calpuli Ehrh. |
cherry (4 varieties)
|
| Psidium guajava L. |
guava
|
| Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. |
chayote squash
|
| Stenocereus treleasei (Vaupel) Britton & Rose | -
|
| Zea mays L. |
corn (6 varieties)
|
41 species + 26 varieties = 67 types; of 29 genera of 17 families
Table 5.2. San Juan Gbëë cultivated food plants, introduced.
| Allium cepa L. |
onion
|
| Allium sativum L. |
garlic
|
| Anethum graveolens L. |
dill
|
| Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. |
cinnamon
|
| Citrus aurantium L. |
sour orange
|
| Citrus limetta Risso |
sweet lime
|
| Citrus reticulata Blanco |
mandarin orange
|
| Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck |
sweet orange
|
| Citrus x limonia Osbeck |
lemon-lime
|
| Coffea arabica L. |
coffee
|
| Coriandrum sativum L. |
coriander
|
| Cydonia oblonga Mill. |
quince
|
| Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stap | lemon grass
|
| Eriobotrya japonica Lind. |
loquat
|
| Ficus carica L. |
fig
|
| Foeniculum vulgare L. |
fennel
|
| Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. |
sweet potato
|
| Lactuca sativa L. |
lettuce
|
| Malus domestica Mill. |
apple (4 varieties)
|
| Mangifera indica L. |
mango
|
| Musa sapientum L. |
banana (3 varieties)
|
| Ocimum basilicum L. |
basil (3 varieties)
|
| Origanum marjorana L. |
marjoram
|
| Origanum vulgare L. |
oregano
|
| Petroselinum sativum L. |
parsley
|
| Pimpinella anisum L. |
anise
|
| Pisum sativum L. |
pea
|
| Prunus armeniaca L. |
apricot
|
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. |
peach (2 varieties)
|
| Punica granatum L. |
pomegranate
|
| Raphanus sativus L. |
radish (2 varieties)
|
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. |
rosemary
|
| Saccharum officinarum L. |
sugar cane
|
| Solanum tuberosum L. |
potato (2 varieties)
|
| Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench |
sorghum
|
| Thymus vulgaris L. |
thyme
|
| Triticum aestivum L. |
wheat
|
| Verbena officinalis L. |
vervain
|
| Vicia faba L. |
fava bean
|
| Vitis vinifera L. |
grape
|
40 species plus + 10 varieties = 50 types; of 33 genera of 19 families
Table 5.3. Cultivated food plants known in San Juan Gbëë but grown elsewhere.
| Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill |
pineapple
|
| Annona muricata L. |
guanabana
|
| Apium graveolens L. |
celery
|
| Carica papaya L. |
papaya
|
| Cicer arietinum L. |
chickpea/garbanzo
|
| Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai |
watermelon
|
| Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo var. dudaim (L.) Naudin |
cantaloup
|
| Cucurbita moschata var. 1 Duch. |
pumpkin (2 varieties)
|
| Daucus carota L. |
carrot
|
| Diospyros digyna Jacq. |
black zapote
|
| Fragaria sp. |
strawberry
|
| Manihot esculenta Crantz |
manioc
|
| Manilkara zapota (Miller) Fosberg | -
|
| Oxalis tuberosa Molina |
oca
|
| Pachyrrhysus erosus (L.) Urb. | -
|
| Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn | -
|
| Pyrus communis L. |
pear
|
| Spondias purpurea L. | -
|
| Theobroma cacao L. |
cocoa
|
| Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. |
cowpea/blackeyed pea
|
20 species + 1 variety = 21 types; of 20 genera of 14 families
Table 5.4. Corn Varieties Named in San Juan Gbëë.
| zhób-bziòw [= zhób-ngǎs]*
| Zea mays L., black variety
| adapted to higher elevations
|
| zhób-ngôo [= zhób-nguěts]
| Zea mays L., yellow variety
| PMZ planted a foreign variety of this type in 1997
|
| zhób-nquǐts *
| Zea mays L., white variety |
|
| zhób-pòblân
| Zea mays L., a type of white maize
| recently introduced from Puebla
|
| zhób-pînt
| Zea mays L., mottled or pinto
| adapted to higher elevations
|
| zhób-cònêf [= zhób-mòchîtò]
| Zea mays L., “rabbit corn”
| most in SJG planted this near town 1998 due to late rains; MGM planted this mid-june 1998; had elotes by October
|
| zhób-cònàsûp[= zhób-îbrìdò]
| Zea mays L., commercial or hybrid maize
| takes six months to mature
|
| zhób-xtîl*
| Triticum aestivum L.
| wheat
|
Table 5.5. Specialized San Juan Gbëë corn terminology (in part from Reeck 1991).
| Plant and milpa when young
| dòoz |
|
Plant and milpa when grown
| wgàa |
|
Corn, dried corn, corn kernel
| zhǒb |
|
Corn plant
| guiêl |
|
Corn silks
| guièl̲-guìts |
|
Planting (of corn)
| guièl̲-gòn |
|
Harvest (of corn)
| guièl-nzàac |
|
Food, meal, eating
| guièl̲-wâgw |
|
Green corn, fresh corn on the cob
| ziè |
|
Male inflorescence (tassel) of maize
| dò |
|
Corn husk
| pcuêl |
|
Ear of dried corn
| nîz |
|
Corn cob, cob [after kernels removed]
| yàan |
|
Root of corn plant
| lòguiêl |
|
Corn smut, i.e., maize fungus
| méy-guièl |
|
Tortilla
| guièt |
|
Soft tortilla
| guièt-ngǔudz |
| z
Fresh corn tamale
| guièt-bàadz |
|
Tamale
| guièt-gǒo |
|
Tough tortilla
| guièt-nád |
|
Dried tortilla, toasted tortilla
| guièt-wân |
|
Bread
| guièt-xtîl |
|
Fresh corn tortilla
| guièt-ziè |
|
Corn gruel, atole
| nsiàab |
|
A spicy cornmeal dish
| guièz |
|
Boiled corn [for making tortillas]
| nǐil̲ |
|
Cornstalk, stalk [and sugar cane] (el tallo)
| nìt |
|
Cornstalk (la cañuela)
| nìt-guì |
|
Stubble
| guìzh-diè |
|
To plant corn
| rgobnî |
Table 5.6. Bean Varieties Named in San Juan Gbëë.
| bziàa-dùuzh-pînt-ngas |
black spotted string bean
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-dùuzh-nìzhniê |
red string bean
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-dùuzh-nguěts |
yellow string bean
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-làs |
slender bean (small, black); a non-climbing bean
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-bǎy |
rebozo bean
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-nquǐts |
white bean
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-guiès |
pot bean (large, black)
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-dǐp |
cultivated bean gone wild; grows in poor soils
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
|
| bziàa-xtîl |
Castillian bean, fava bean
| Vicia faba L.
|
| bziàa-bǐch |
cowpea, blackeyed pea
| Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
|
| lbêrg |
field pea
| Pisum sativum L.
|
| bziàa-dán |
wild bean
| Cologania brousonettii (Balbis) DC.
|
| bziàa-nàad |
wild bean
| Rhynchosia discolor
|
Table 5.7. Squash Varieties Named in San Juan Gbëë.
| [lbæ̀-]guìt |
squash in general |
Cucurbita spp.
|
| [lbæ̀-]guìt-gù |
pumpkin, red, thick-skinned; planted below town |
Cucurbita moschata Duch.
|
| [lbæ̀-]guìt-gù-bæ̌æl |
pumpkin, red, thin-skinned; planted below town |
Cucurbita moschata Duch.
|
| [lbæ̀-]guìt-tàliân |
Italian squash; planted near town |
Cucurbita pepo L.
|
| [lbæ̀-]guìt-wěedz |
gourd squash; best planted above town |
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché
|
| [lbæ̀-]guìt-wèts |
type of squash; planted near town |
Cucurbita pepo L.
|
| mìyàp |
chayote |
Sechium edule (Jacq.) SW.
|
| [lbæ̀-]guìt-nlǎ |
squash, wild |
Apodanthera aspera Cogn.
|
Table 5.8. Pests of San Juan Gbëë crops.
| mtsàn
| gallina ciega |
larvae of june bugs |
Phyllophaga spp., Melolonthidae |
attacks roots
|
| má-zhǒb1
| comején |
larvae of moths |
Lepidoptera spp. |
attacks seeds
|
| má-zhǒb2
| palomita |
larvae of moths |
Lepidoptera spp. |
attacks seeds
|
| mxìl̲
| polilla |
moth that emerges from infested corn |
Lepidoptera spp. |
invades corn, flies out when disturbed
|
| ngùxôg
| - | weevil |
Curculionidae spp. |
attacks stored corn |
| měe-tsò
| langosta |
locust |
Acrididae spp. |
rare; no recent attacks
|
| má-bziàa
| bichos de frijól, catarinas |
bean beetles, tiny, metallic red and blue |
Chrysomelidae spp. |
eats leaves
|
| mæ̀z
| costoche, zorro |
gray fox |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus |
eats elotes
|
| còyôt
| coyote |
coyote |
Canis latrans |
eats elotes
|
| tlàcuâch
| tlacuache |
opossum |
Didelphis marsupialis |
eats elotes
|
| ngǎ
| cacalote |
common raven |
Corvus corax |
eats mazorcas
|
| cuǐl̲
| urraca |
western scrub-jay |
Aphelocoma occidentalis |
eats mazorcas
|
| mguîn̲-ngǎs
| sanate |
great-tailed grackle |
Cassidix mexicanus |
eats mazorcas
|
| pěch
| zopilote |
turkey vulture |
Cathartes aura |
eats mazorcas
|
Table 5.9. San Juan Gbëë cultivated tubers.
| lbæ̀-gù |
potato
| Solanum tuberosum L.
|
| gù-blâg |
sweet potato
| Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
|
| gù-bé |
oca
| Oxalis tuberosa Molina
|
| gù |
yam
| Dioscorea batatas L.
|
| gù |
manioc
| Manihot esculenta Crantz
|
Table 5.10. San Juan Gbëë tree species cultivated in the riparian zone orchards.
| yàg-mângw |
mango |
mango
| Mangifera indica L.
|
| yàg-guiál |
cherimolla |
custard apple
| Anonna cherimola Mill.
|
| yàg-bdiò-guìx |
cuajilote |
tree cucumber
| Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seemann
|
| yàg-saùc |
saúco |
elderberry
| Sambucus mexicana Presl.
|
| yàg-pàpây |
papaya |
papaya
| Carica papaya L.
|
| yàg-bdièx |
laurel |
laurel
| Licaria glaucescens
|
| yàg-ngùd-guièx-ngǎs |
aguacate |
avocado
| Persea americana Mill.
|
| yàg-ngùd-guièx-pèlôt |
aguacate |
avocado
| Persea americana Mill.
|
| yàg-ngùd-guièx-zhàb |
aguacate |
avocado
| Persea americana Mill.
|
| yàg-ngùd-guièx-ziôol |
aguacate |
avocado
| Persea americana Mill.
|
| yàg-ngùd-guèy-mcàal̲ |
nanché |
nanche
| Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) H.B.K.
|
| yàg-guîgw |
higo |
fig
| Ficus carica L.
|
| yàg-bdiò-pérôn |
plátano |
banana
| Musa sapientum L.
|
| yàg-bdiò-gnî |
guineo |
banana
| Musa sapientum L.
|
| yàg-bdiò-mànzân |
plátano |
banana
| Musa sapientum L.
|
| yàg-buí |
guajava |
guava
| Psidium guajava L.
|
| gòob-guì |
carrizo |
cane
| Arundo donax L.
|
| nìt |
caña de azucar |
sugar cane
| Saccarum officinarum L.
|
| yàg-ngùd-guìziè |
granada |
pomegranate
| Punica granatum L.
|
| yàg-mànzànít |
manzanita |
Mexican hawthorn
| Crataegus pubescens (H.B.K.) Steud.
|
| yàg-mànzànít-ncuàan |
manzanita |
Mexican hawthorn
| Crataegus pubescens (H.B.K.) Steud.
|
| yàg-mbrî |
membrillo |
quince
| Cydonia oblonga Mill.
|
| yàg-nîspèrò |
níspero |
loquat
| Eriobotrys japonica Lind.
|
| yàg-mànzân-fuîn |
manzana |
apple
| Malus pumila Mill.
|
| yàg-mànzân-zhiàl |
manzana |
apple
| Malus pumila Mill.
|
| yàg-drâz-côc |
durazno |
peach
| Prunus armeniaca L.
|
| yàg-drâz |
durazno |
peach
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.
|
| yàg-drâz-prîscw |
durazno |
peach
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.
|
| yàg-bzià-0 |
cerezo |
cherry
| Prunus serotina var. calpuli Ehrh.
|
| yàg-bzià-guìt |
cerezo |
cherry
| Prunus serotina var. calpuli Ehrh.
|
| yàg-bzià-làs |
cerezo |
cherry
| Prunus serotina var. calpuli Ehrh.
|
| yàg-zârz |
zarzamora |
blackberry
| Rubus spp.
|
| yàg-càfê |
café |
coffee
| Coffea arabica L.
|
| yàg-ngùd-guèy |
zapote blanco |
white zapote
| Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.
|
| yàg-lîm |
lima |
lime
| Citrus aurantiifolia (Chrst.) Swingle.
|
| yàg-nàrânj |
naranja agria |
sour orange
| Citrus aurantium L.
|
| yàg-lìm-chîch | -
|
sweet lime
| Citrus limetta Risso
|
| yàg-lìmà-lìmôn |
lima-limón |
lemon-lime
| Citrus x limonia Osbeck
|
| yàg-sîdr |
citron |
citron
| Citrus medica L.
|
| yàg-màndàrín |
mandarina |
mandarin orange
| Citrus reticulata
|
30 species + 10 varieties = 40 types; of 23 genera of 15 families
Table 5.11. San Juan Gbëë food plants, including condiments and beverage plants (41 families / 93 genera / 144 species).
| Agavaceae | Agave (7 species) |
| Alliaceae | Allium (2 species) |
| Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus hybridus |
| Anacardiaceae | Mangifera indica |
| - | Spondias purpurea |
| Annonaceae | Annona (2 species) |
| Apiaceae | Anethum graveolens |
| - | Apium graveolens |
| - | Coriandrum sativum |
| - | Daucus carota |
| - | Foeniculum vulgare |
| - | Petroselinum crispum |
| - | Pimpinella anisum |
| Asteraceae | Bidens ostruthioides |
| - | Bidens cf. lemonii |
| - | Lactuca sativa |
| - | Porophyllum tagetioides |
| - | Salmea scandens |
| Bignoniaceae | Parmentiera aculeata |
| Brassicaceae | Brassica (2 species) |
| - | Raphanus sativus |
| - | Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum |
| Bromeliaceae | Ananas comosus |
| - | Hechtia (2 species) |
| Cactaceae | Coryphantha bumamma |
| - | Hylocereus undatus |
| - | Mammillaria (2 species) |
| - | Opuntia (Nopalea) auberi |
| - | Opuntia (6 species) |
| - | Stenocereus (2 species) |
| Caricaceae | Carica papaya |
| Chenopodiaceae | Chenopodium (2 species) |
| Convolvulaceae | Ipomoea (2 species) |
| Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus lanatus |
| - | Cucumis melo ssp. melo var. dudaim |
| - | Cucurbita (3 species) |
| - | Cyclanthera langaei |
| - | Sechium edule |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus cf. esculentus |
| Ebenaceae | Diospyros digyna |
| Euphorbiaceae | Manihot esculenta |
| Fabaceae | Acacia angustissima |
| - | Crotalaria (4 species) |
| - | Erythrina americana |
| - | Leucaena (3 species) |
| - | Pachyrrhysus erosus |
| - | Phaseolus (2 species) |
| - | Pisum sativum |
| - | Vicia faba |
| - | Vigna unguiculata |
| Lamiaceae | Ocimum basilicum |
| - | Origanum (2 species) |
| - | Thymus vulgaris |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum zeylanicum |
| - | Litsea glaucescens |
| - | Persea americana |
| Malpighiaceae | Byrsonima (2 species) |
| Moraceae | Ficus carica |
| Musaceae | Musa sapientum |
| Myrtaceae | Psidium guajava |
| Orchidaceae | Encyclia (2 species) |
| Oxalidaceae | Oxalis (7 species) |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora cf. exsudans |
| Phytolaccaceae | Phytolacca icosandra |
| Piperaceae | Piper auritum |
| Poaceae | Cymbopogon citratus |
| - | Oryza sativa |
| - | Saccharum officinarum |
| - | Triticum aestivum |
| - | Zea mays |
| Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea |
| Punicaceae | Punica granatum |
| Rosaceae | Craetagus pubescens |
| - | Cydonia oblonga |
| - | Eriobotrya japonica |
| - | Fragaria sp. |
| - | Malus domestica |
| - | Prunus (3 species) |
| - | Pyrus communis |
| - | Rubus (2 species) |
| Rubiaceae | Coffea arabica |
| Rutaceae | Citrus (7 species) |
| Sapotaceae | Manilkara zapota |
| - | Pouteria sapota |
| Solanaceae | Capsicum (2 species) |
| - | Lycianthes (2 species) |
| - | Lycopersicon esculentum |
| - | Physalis (2 species) |
| - | Solanum (3 species) |
| Sterculiaceae | Theobroma cacao |
| Verbenaceae | Lippia (2 species) |
| - | Verbena (2 species) |
| Vitaceae | Vitis vinifera |
Table 5.12. Edible weedy greens of local fields and roadsides ("quelites").
| guìzbǽ |
amaranth (3 varieties)
| Amaranthus hibridus L.
|
| liôdz |
Lemmon´s beggarticks
| Bidens aff. lemmonii A. Gray
|
| mòztâz-nrùudz |
mustard greens
| Brassica campestris L.
|
| mòztâz-guièts |
mustard greens
| Brassica nigra (L.) Koch.
|
| guièe-dzîl-mòrâd | -
| Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe
|
| dàc |
goosefoot
| Chenopodium album L.
|
| ptiè |
epazote (2 varieties)
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. = Teloxys ambrosioides (L.) Weber
|
| ncuàan-yê |
chepíl
| Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn.
|
| pxǐizh |
chepíl
| Crotalaria pumila Ort.
|
| pxǐizh |
chepíl
| Crotalaria cf. filifolia Rose
|
| guìzh-dǐp-còyûl |
yellow nutsedge
| Cyperus cf. esculentus L.
|
| dzîl-dán | -
| Encyclia michoacana (La Llave & Lexera) Schlechter
|
| brǔn-yǎl |
cactus flower, fruit
| Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose
|
| bìt-wàd |
mint
| Micromeria chamissonis (Benth.) E. Greene
|
| guiée-bé |
oxalis
| Oxalis alpina Torr.
|
| guiée-bé |
oxalis
| Oxalis divergens Benth.
|
| guiée-bé |
oxalis
| Oxalis hernandezii DC.
|
| guiée-bé |
oxalis
| Oxalis cf. latifolia H.B.K.
|
| guiée-bé |
oxalis
| Oxalis magnifica (Rose) Kunth
|
| guiée-bé |
oxalis
| Oxalis tetraphylla Cav.
|
| guìzh-bziě |
pokeweed
| Phytolacca icosandra L.
|
| nlì-dûn |
pepicha
| Porophyllum tagetoides (H.B.K.) DC.
|
| guìzh-wlàdz |
verdolaga
| Portulaca oleracea L.
|
23 species; of 13 genera of 12 families
Table 5.13. San Juan Gbëë fodder plants (26 families / 63 genera/ 95 species).
| Amaranthaceae (4/1) | Iresine calea (Ibañez) Standley |
| - | Iresine cassiniformis Schauer |
| - | Iresine celosia L. |
| - | Iresine grandis Standley |
| Apiaceae (2/2) | Berula erecta (Hunders.) Coville |
| - | Eryngium cf. cymosum Delar. |
| Asclepiadaceae (2/2) | Asclepias fournieri Wood. (rabbits) |
| - | Matalea dictyantha Wood. |
| Asteraceae (18/10) | Aster subulatus Michx. (goats) |
| - | Bidens aurea (Ait.) Sherff. |
| - | Bidens cf. bicolor Greenman |
| - | Bidens cf. ferulaefolia (Jacq.) DC. |
| - | Bidens cf. lemmonii Gray (goats) |
| - | Bidens odorata Cav. |
| - | Bidens pilosa L. |
| - | Bidens serrulata (Poir.) Desf. |
| - | Cirsium ehrenbergii Sch. Bip. |
| - | Eupatorium sp. (goats) |
| - | Gnaphalium chartaceum Greenm. |
| - | Gnaphalium oxyphyllum DC. |
| - | Gnaphalium inornatum DC. |
| - | Lagascea helianthifolia Kunth. |
| - | Perymenium spp. (burros especially) |
| - | Stevia aschenborniana Sch. Bip. |
| - | Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Peters (donkeys) |
| - | Sonchus oleraceus L. (goats, rabbits) |
| - | Verbesina spp. (burros especially) |
| - | Viguiera spp. (burros especially) |
| - | Viguiera grammatoglossa DC. |
| Brassicaceae (3/3) | Eruca sativa Mill. |
| - | Lepidium virginicum L. (rabbits) |
| - | Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. |
| Capparaceae (1/1) | Polanisia uniglandulosa (Cav.) DC. (cattle, goats, but not donkeys) |
| Caryophyllaceae (2/2) | Arenaria lycopodioides Willd. |
| - | Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. |
| Chenopodiaceae (1/1) | Chenopodium murale L. |
| Cuscutaceae (1/1) | Cuscuta tinctoria C. Martius |
| Cyperaceae (5/4) | Carex polystachya Sw. |
| - | Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl. |
| - | Eleocharis cf. acicularis (L.) R. Br. |
| - | Eleocharis geniculatus (L.) Roem. & Schult. |
| - | Scirpus sp. |
| Euphorbiaceae (1/1) | Acalypha indica L. var. mexicana (Muell. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. |
| Fabaceae (26/13) | Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. |
| - | Acacia pennatula (Schldl. & Cham.) Stand. (favorite of cattle) |
| - | Brongniartia lupinoides (Kunth) Standl. |
| - | Calliandra grandiflora Benth. |
| - | Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. |
| - | Canavalia hirsuta (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standley |
| - | Canavalia villosa Benth. |
| - | Canavalia viscosa (Balbis) DC. |
| - | Crotalaria acapulcensis Hook. & Arn. |
| - | Crotalaria mollicula Ort. |
| - | Leucaena diversifolia (Schl.) Benth. |
| - | Leucaena trichandra (Zuccarini) Urban |
| - | Lysiloma acapulcensis (Kunth.) Benth. |
| - | Macroptilium atropurpureum |
| - | Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ort.) Delgado |
| - | Medicago lupulina L. (rabbits) |
| - | Medicago denticulata Willd. (rabbits) |
| - | Medicago sativa L. (rabbits) |
| - | Mimosa biuncifera Benth. |
| - | Mimosa galeottii Benth. |
| - | Rhynchosia discolor (goats) |
| - | Rhynchosia macrocarpa Benth. |
| - | Senna galeottiana (Martens) H.S. Irwin & R.C. Barneby (fatten goats, donkeys) |
| - | Senna greggii (Rose) Irwin & Barneby (fatten goats, donkeys) |
| - | Senna polyantha (Colladon) H. S. Irwin & R. C. Barneby (fatten goats, donkeys) |
| - | Trifolium amabile Kunth |
| Geraniaceae (2/1) | Geranium crenatifolium Moore |
| - | Geranium cf. mexicanum Kunth |
| Juncaceae (1/1) | Juncus sp. |
| Krameriaceae (2/1) | Krameria cuspidata Presl. |
| - | Krameria cytisoides Cav. |
| Lamiaceae (1/1) | Salvia tricuspidata Mart. & Gal. |
| Moraceae (1/1) | Ficus cf. padifolia H.B.K. |
| Onagraceae (3/3) | Epilobium mexicanum DC. (rabbits) |
| - | Lopezia racemosa Cav. |
| - | Oenothera rosea Aiton |
| Passifloraceae (2/1) | Passiflora bryonioides Kunth |
| - | Passiflora exsudans Zucc. |
| Poaceae (7/7) | Arundo donax L. |
| - | Avena cf. fatua L. (favorite) |
| - | Andropogon sp. |
| - | Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. |
| - | Lasiacis sp. |
| - | Panicum trichoides Sw. |
| - | Pennisetum purpureum Schumann |
| Polygonaceae (2/1) | Rumex crispus L. (rabbits) |
| - | Rumex cf. mexicana (rabbits) |
| Ranunculaceae (3/1) | Ranunculus cf. macranthus Scheele |
| - | Ranunculus petiolaris H.B.K. ex DC. var. sierrae-orientalis Benson |
| - | Ranunculus cf. petiolaris H.B.K. ex DC. |
| Rhamnaceae (1/1) | Ceanothus coeruleus Lag. (goats) |
| Rosaceae (1/1) | Holodiscus argenteus (L. f.) Maxim. |
| Solanaceae (2/1) | Physalis nicandroides Schlecht. |
| - | Physalis angutata L. |
| Zygophyllaceae (1/1) | Tribulus cistoides L. |
Table 5.14. San Juan Gbëë firewood plants (25 families/ 46 genera/ 70 species).
| Cupressaceae (1/1) | Juniperus flaccida Schl. |
| Pinaceae (7/1) | Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. |
| - | Pinus devoniana Lindley |
| - | Pinus pseudostrobus (Lindley) var. apulcensis (Lindley) G. R. Shaw (ocote ) |
| - | Pinus teocote Schl. & Cham. (trunnels) |
| - | Pinus douglasiana Mart. |
| - | Pinus leiophylla Schl. & Cham. var. leiophylla |
| - | Pinus hartwegii Lindley |
| Amaranthaceae (4/1) | Iresine calea (Ibañez) Standley |
| - | Iresine cassiniformis Schauer |
| - | Iresine celosia L. |
| - | Iresine grandis Standley |
| Anacardiaceae (3/2) | Pistacia mexicana H.B.K. |
| - | Rhus costaricensis Riley |
| - | Rhus mollis H.B.K. |
| Asteraceae (8/4) | Baccharia multiflora Kunth |
| - | Eupatorium mairetianum DC. |
| - | Stevia caracasana DC. |
| - | Stevia incognita Grashoff |
| - | Stevia jorullensis L. |
| - | Stevia lucida Lag. |
| - | Stevia seleriana B. L. Rob. |
| - | Verbesina perymenioides Sch. Dip. |
| Betulaceae (3/1) | Alnus acuminata Kunth var. arguta (Schlechtendal) |
| - | Alnus acuminata Kunth var. glabrata (Fern) Furlow |
| - | Alnus firmifolia Fernald = Alnus jorullenis H.B.K. var. jorullensis |
| - | Alnus jorullenis H.B.K. var. lutea Kunth |
| Bignoniaceae (1/1) | Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. |
| Casuarinaceae (1/1) | Casuarina equisetifolia L. |
| Ericaceae (2/2) | Arbutus xalapensis H.B.K. |
| - | Arctostaphylos pungens (burns rapidly, good kindling) |
| - | Comarostaphylis glaucescens (Kunth.) Zucc. |
| Fabaceae (14/9) | Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. |
| - | Brongniartia lupinoides (Kunth) Standl. |
| - | Calliandra grandiflora Benth. |
| - | Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. |
| - | Conzattia multiflora (Rob. ) Standl. |
| - | Erythrina americana Mill. |
| - | Eysenhardtia platycarpa Pennell & Safford ex Pennell (excellent) |
| - | Eysenhardtia cf. polystachea (Ortega) Sarg. (excellent) |
| - | Lysiloma acapulcensis (Kunth.) Benth. |
| - | Mimosa biuncifera Benth. |
| - | Mimosa galeottii Benth. |
| - | Senna holwayana (Rose) Irwin & Barneby |
| - | Senna pringlei |
| - | Senna vilosa Mill. |
| Fagaceae (5/1) | Quercus castanea Née |
| - | Quercus conzattii Trel. |
| - | Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl. |
| - | Quercus magnoliifolia Née |
| - | Quercus sebifera Trelease |
| Garryaceae (1/1) | Garrya laurifolia Hartw. |
| Krameriaceae (2/1) | Krameria cuspidata Presl. |
| - | Krameria cytisoides Cav. |
| Loasaceae (1/1) | Mentzelia conzatti Greenm. |
| Malpighiaceae (2/2) | Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) H.B.K. |
| - | Bunchosia lindeniana Ard. Juss. |
| Moraceae (1/1) | Ficus cf. padifolia H.B.K. |
| Myricaceae (1/1) | Myrica cerifera L. |
| Myrtaceae (2/2) | Eucalyptus globulus Labill. |
| - | Psidium guajava L. |
| Olacaceae (1/1) | Schoepfia shreberi Gemel. |
| Oleaceae (3/2) | Fraxinus purpusii Brandeg. |
| - | Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Linglesheim |
| - | Ligustrum lucidum Aiton |
| Rhamnaceae (1/1) | Ceanothus coeruleus Lag. (hard wood burns all night) |
| Rosaceae (2/2) | Holodiscus argenteus (L. f.) Maxim. |
| - | Prunus serotina Ehrh. ssp. calpuli Cav. |
| Salicaceae (2/4) | Populus fremontii S. Wats. |
| - | Populus mexicana Wesmae. |
| - | Salix nigra March. |
| - | Salix oxylepis C. Schneider |
| Ulmaceae (1/2) | Celtis pallida Torr. |
| - | Celtis caudata Planch. |
| Verbenaceae (1/1) | Lippia pringlei Briq. |
Table 5.15. Number of genera and species reportedly used in support of particular functions of San Juan Gbëë agricultural production by select plant families.
| Plant family |
forage/fodder* |
fuel* |
food* |
|
Total |
26/63/95 |
25/46/70 |
41/93/144 |
|
Apiaceae |
2/2 |
0/0 |
7/7 |
|
Asteraceae |
10/18 |
4/8 |
4/5 |
|
Cactaceae |
0/0 |
0/0 |
6/13 |
|
Cucurbitaceae |
0/0 |
0/0 |
5/7 |
|
Cyperaceae |
4/5 |
0/0 |
1/1 |
|
Fabaceae |
13/26 |
9/14 |
9/15 |
|
Fagaceae |
0/0 |
1/5 |
0/0 |
|
Pinaceae |
0/0 |
1/7 |
0/0 |
|
Poaceae |
7/7 |
0/0 |
5/5 |
|
Rosaceae |
1/1 |
2/2 |
8/11 |
|
Solanaceae |
1/2 |
0/0 |
5/9 |
* If two numbers are separated by a slash, the first is the number of genera of the family listed, the second the number of species; for the “Total” column with three numbers separated by slashes, the first is the total number of families, the second of genera, and the last of species with the use indicated in the column heading.
Table 5.16. Varieties of chickens (Gallus gallus) recognized in San Juan Gbëë.
| nguǐd
| pollo (en general), la gallina |
chicken, in general
|
| nguǐd-còpètôn
| gallina con plumas en la cabeza |
chicken, feathers on crown
|
| nguǐd-ngǎs
| gallina negra |
chicken, black
|
| nguǐd-nìzhniê
| gallina rojo |
chicken, red
|
| nguǐd-pèlûq
| gallina con cuello sin pluma |
chicken with bare neck
|
| nguǐd-pînt
| gallina empedrada |
chicken, barred gray & white
|
| nguǐd-zhǎnd
| gallina, patas cortas |
chicken, short feathered legs
|
| nguǐd-zhìid
| tipo de gallina |
chicken, type
|
| nguǐd-gây [= gây]
| gallo |
chicken, male
|
| nguǐd-gùs
| gallina |
chicken, female
|
| nguǐd-yèen*
| pollito |
chick
|
Table 5.17. Domestic animal statistics for San Juan Gbëë, 2003.
| -
| goats
| sheep
| goats & sheep
| burros
| mules
| Equus total
| oxen
|
| counted
| 747
| 164
| 911
| 99
| 18
| 117
| 34
|
| per household
| 8.2
| 1.8
| 10.0
| 1.1
| 0.2
| 1.3
| 0.4
|
| estimated
| 1510
| 332
| 1842
| 200
| 36
| 237
| 69
|
Table 5.18. Goat statistics for San Juan Gbëë, 2003.
| - | male goats
| female goats
| kids
| goats total
| goats sold last year
| value
| goats eaten last year
|
| counted
| 291
| 298
| 158
| 747
| 35
| -
| 15
|
| per household
| 3.2
| 3.3
| 1.7
| 8.2
| 0.4
| $1,150.
| 0.2
|
| estimated
| 588
| 603
| 319
| 1510
| 71
| $28,308
| 30
|
Table 5.19. Edible fungi harvested in San Juan Gbëë.
|
měy-còlìflôr [= měy-diàg-bǐch] |
hongo de coliflor |
“cauliflower mushroom” |
Hydnum repandum, Hydnaceae
|
| měy-dùuzh |
hongo de elote |
“string-bean mushroom” |
Ramaria sp., Clavariaceae
|
| méy-guièl |
cuitlacoche |
corn smut |
Ustilago maydis, Ustilaginaceae
|
| měy-guièt-xtîl |
hongo de pan |
bolete, edible |
Boletus edulis, Boletaceae
|
| měy-guìin |
hongo de chili |
“chili mushroom” |
Hydromyces lactiflourum, Pyrenomycetes
|
| měy-lân |
hongo de lana |
mushroom, edible, black gills |
Agaricus silvaticus, A. campestris, Agaricaceae
|
| měy-mdzìn |
hongo de venado |
matsutake |
Tricholoma sp., Tricholomataceae
|
| měy-yàg-guièr |
nanacate |
oyster mushroom |
Pleurotus sp., Pleurotaceae
|
| měy-yù |
hongo de tierra |
“earth mushroom” |
Polyporus tuberaster?, Polyporaceae
|
| měy-yùp |
hongo de ? |
mushroom |
Amanita caesarea, Amanitaceae
|
11 species of 10 genera of 10 families
Table 5.20. Mammal and bird species named as potential prey by San Juan Gbëë hunters.
| cònêf |
cottontail rabbit |
Sylvilagus floridanus |
Lagomorpha
|
| cònêf |
cottontail rabbit |
Sylvilagus cunicularis |
Lagomorpha
|
| mliàn |
jackrabbit |
Lepus calliotis |
Lagomorpha
|
| ndzǐz |
tree squirrel |
Sciurus aureogaster |
Rodentia
|
| mdzìn |
white-tailed deer |
Odocoileus virginianus |
Artiodactyla
|
| mèr-zhîg = chìchàlâc |
West Mexican chachalaca |
Ortalis poliocephala |
Cracidae
|
| mtsòo |
long-tailed wood-partridge |
Dendrortyx macroura |
Phasianidae
|
| mtǒ |
Montezuma quail |
Cyrtonyx montezumae |
Phasianidae
|
| pàlôm-dán |
band-tailed pigeon |
Columba fasciata |
Columbidae
|
| mézh |
mourning dove |
Zenaida macroura |
Columbidae
|
10 species of 6 families
Table 5.21. Terms for plowing and parts of the plow in San Juan Gbëë.
|
Zapotec term |
English gloss |
Preferred material | -
|
| tìb næ̂z-ngon |
team of oxen | -
|
Bos taurus
|
| ngǒn-nòví |
ox | -
|
Bos taurus
|
| ngǒn-mèc |
honey-colored ox | -
|
Bos taurus
|
| rrâd |
the plow | -
| -
|
| yûg |
the yoke |
yàg-zhguiès |
Salix bonplandiana
|
| tîm |
the plow beam |
yàg-lbìis |
Quercus laurina
|
| tàlêl |
the talél |
yàg-zhòg, yàg-yàz |
Quercus conzattii, Lysiloma acapulcensis
|
| nià-rrâd |
the handle | -
| -
|
| guìib-ló-rrâd |
the blade | -
|
iron
|
| còyûnt |
the bindings |
làd ngǒn |
cowhide
|
| bàràsôn | -
| -
| -
|
| guìib-gòn |
digging stick |
yàg-zhòg |
Quercus conzattii
|
Table 6.1. Medicinal plant species by origin (native to Mexico or introduced from elsewhere) and management status (cultivated, wild, both, or market herbs).
| -
|
Not cultivated |
Mixed |
Cultivated |
Purchased |
Total |
|
Native |
127 (95/77/58%) |
22 (92/13/10%) |
13 (23/78/6%) |
4 (67/2/2%) |
166 (76%) |
|
Introduced |
6 (5/11/3%) |
2 (8/4/1%) |
43 (77/81/20%) |
2 (33/4/1%) |
53 (24%) |
|
Total |
133 (61%) |
24 (11%) |
56 (26%) |
6 (3%) |
219 |
Table 6.2. Non-cultivated medicinal plant species (including both native and introduced species) by association with human disturbance.
| -
|
Wild |
Ruderal |
Total occurring |
|
Native |
92 (62%) |
57 (38%) |
149 |
|
Introduced |
0 |
8 (100%) |
8 |
|
Total |
92 (59%) |
65 (41%) |
157
|
Table 6.3. Summary of types of medicinal plant treatments in San Juan Gbëë.
|
Gastrointestinal treatments |
57 |
|
Eye, ear, nose, mouth, and throat treatments |
26 |
|
Skin and hair treatments |
32 |
|
Pain and fever treatments |
27 |
|
Urinogenital and reproductive treatments |
22 |
|
Psychological and characterological treatments |
26 |
|
Spiritual treatments |
5 |
|
Miscellaneous: environmental and veterinary treatments |
4 |
|
Duplicate listings |
28 |
|
Total of distinct plant remedies |
199 |
|
Uncertain treatments |
13
|
Table 6.4. Examples of terms with the prefix guièl̲- (Reeck 1991).
| guièl̲bìinî |
intelligence
|
| guièl̲blæ̀æ |
anger, wrath
|
| guièl̲blěy |
joy, happiness
|
| guièl̲ców |
darkness, ignorance
|
| guièl̲dzìn |
boasting, arrogance
|
| guièl̲gbàan |
theft, robbery
|
| guièl̲gôl |
old age, senility
|
| guièl̲gòn |
planting
|
| guièl̲gònziù |
drunken binge, drunkenness, alcoholism
|
| guièl̲guîdz |
sickness
|
| guièl̲guìts |
corn hair, hair of the ear of corn
|
| guièl̲mbán |
life
|
| guièl̲mbǎn |
poverty
|
| guièl̲nàbèy |
rule, power to command other
|
| guièl̲ndâan |
health, good health
|
| guièl̲ndzòn |
beauty, glory
|
| guièl̲næ̀ |
suffering, sadness
|
| guièl̲niǎts |
pride, haughtiness
|
| guièl̲ntsěeb |
evil, bad deed
|
| guièl̲nxèn |
stupidity
|
| guiél̲nzàac |
treasure, blessing, harvest, favor
|
| guièl̲prôb |
poverty
|
| guièl̲quì |
harm, damage
|
| guièl̲ràc |
ability, agility
|
| guièl̲rbân |
nostalgia, home-sickness
|
| guièl̲siěel |
wedding, matrimony
|
| guièl̲tó |
shame, shyness
|
| guièl̲wâgw |
food, meal, eating
|
| guièl̲wquìdiê |
trick, deceit, fraud
|
| guièl̲wsàcsǐ |
punishment, unjust punishment
|
| guièl̲wxtǐs |
justice, government, law
|
| guièl̲wzèe |
mockery, derision
|
| guièl̲xtěeb |
danger
|
| guièl̲yôzh |
adultery, extramarital relations
|
| guièl̲zǐ |
tragedy, misfortune, divine punishment
|
Table 6.5. Examples of diseases with the suffix guîdz.
| guídz-gùtiè |
epilepsy
|
| guídz-rcòw |
epilepsy
|
| guídz-rzhìdz |
epilepsy
|
| guídz-bdìin |
mal aire
|
| guídz-mê |
mal aire
|
| guìdz-guià |
colds
|
| guídz-rdzìb |
vomiting
|
| guídz-dán |
diarrhea
|
| guídz-ràgw |
constipation
|
| guídz-zân |
child birth
|
| guîdz-riân |
kidney stones
|
Table 6.6. Medicinal Herbs Characterized as to “Hot” or “Cold” by Linares, Bye, and Flores (1999), with San Juan Gbëë Correspondences.
|
Arctostaphylos pungens |
cool
| niág |
kidneys, etc.
|
| Crataegus pubescens |
cool
| niág |
kidneys
|
| Equisetum myriochaetum |
cool
| niág |
kidneys
|
| Foeniculum vulgare |
cool/hot
| niág |
diarrhea, stomach ache
|
| Malva parviflora |
cool
| niág |
fever; rash
|
| Selaginella lepidophylla |
cool
| niág |
kidneys
|
| Rosa x centifolia |
medium
| niág |
fevers; rash
|
| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
cough
|
| Brickellia vernoicaefolia* |
hot
| ndz…æ |
tooth ache
|
| Eucalyptus globulus |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
cough; stomach ache
|
| Gnaphalium spp. |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
coughs; wounds
|
| Litsea (Licaria) glaucescens |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
“cold” conditions
|
| Marrubium vulgare |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
stomach ache; aires
|
| Matricaria recutita |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
stomach ache
|
| Mentha rotundifolia* |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
cough; childbirth
|
| Satureja macrostemma |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
stomach ache
|
| Tagetes lucida |
hot
| ndzæ̌æ |
stomach ache; childbirth
|
* allied species of the same genus
Table 6.7. Some examples of plant parts used in San Juan remedies.
|
Plant part |
Zapotec name |
Latin name |
disease: procedure
|
| Whole plant |
nlít-quiè |
Dalea foliolosa |
empacho: steep plant in water, drink
|
| - |
blâg-mêd |
Malva parviflora |
fever, sores: boil, drink or wash with infusion
|
| Leaf |
yàg-yàaz-làs |
Baccharis mexicana |
ear ache: chop leaf, insert in ear with mezcal
|
| - |
blâg-wì |
Buddleia spp. |
chaneque: apply to foot with mezcal
|
| Flower |
yàg-saûz |
Sambucus mexicana |
cough: boil flowers, drink tea
|
| - |
yàg-yǎn |
Arbutus xalapensis |
fright: with Wigandia leaf
|
| Fruit |
mòxtâz |
Brassica spp. |
to protect child from witching: scatter seeds under bed
|
| - |
yàg-lìmàlìmôn |
Citrus x limonia |
bad stomach: pulp and skin of fruit
|
| Root |
bià-tòo |
Microsechium helleri |
nerves, insanity: drink extract of root as purgative
|
| - |
guìzh-ngùd-lèn̲ |
Valeriana cf. densiflora |
inguinal hernia: boil root, drink infusion
|
| Bark |
yàg-frêsn |
Fraxinus americana var. | texensis
fever: drink infusion of bark and leaves
|
| - |
yàg-ngùd-guièe-ziè |
Punica granatum |
dysentery: extract of bark
|
| Sap |
guìzh-biè |
Euphorbia hyssopifolia |
cataracts: three drops in eye
|
| - |
yàg-yàal |
Bursera spp. |
backache: scrape bark, collect pitch on paper, apply
|
| Other |
pcuêl |
Zea mays, totomostle |
retained placenta: use corn husks
|
| - |
měy-dòop |
Lycoperdon perlatum (a fungus) |
wounds: apply spores to stanch bleeding
|
Table 6.8. Some examples of San Juan medicinal plants restricted by habitat.
|
Habitat |
Zapotec name |
Latin name |
Remedy |
|
Plants cultivated in household gardens |
guìzh-mîrt |
Salvia microphylla |
post-partum hemmorhage |
| -
|
yàg-blàp |
Ricinus communis |
stomach, back pain |
|
Weedy plants of roadsides, and fallow fields |
yàg-yàaz |
Baccharis, Barkleyanthus, Montanoa |
stomach ache, fever, childbirth |
| -
|
ncuàan-dzéb-zhòmbrêl |
Aristolochia cf. pentandra |
night fright |
|
Wild plants of pine and oak forests |
yàg-lgâzh |
Abies guatemalensis |
bad aires |
| -
|
bià-tòo |
Microsechium helleri |
nerves, insanity |
|
Wild plants of deciduous thorn forests |
yàg-bèch-mbǎr |
Rhus oaxacana + |
skin and mouth sores |
| -
|
yàg-yàal |
Bursera spp. |
backache |
|
Riparian woodland plants |
yàg-zhguiès-0 |
Salix bonplandiana |
fright, rage, child birth |
| -
|
yàg-guìzdòo |
Taxodium mucronatum |
skin problems |
|
Wetland plants |
x-pàan-ngùtsiěts |
Equisetum myriochaetum |
kidney problems |
| -
|
blag-sàntên |
Plantago galeottiana |
medicine |
|
Plants of rocky or sandy soils |
bàz |
Phlebodium aureolatum |
dysentery |
| -
|
guièe-yùzh |
Echeverria, Sedum |
skin and mouth sores
|
Table 6.9. Examples of limpias employed in San Juan Gbëë.
|
yàg-guièe-zhǐn |
Cestrum dumetorum |
unspecified [cool]
|
| blâg-zhnâzh |
Croton ciliato-glandulifer |
mal ojo
|
| yàg-bdìin = guìzh-zhwèe |
Eupatorium mairetianum |
mal aire, el que susto por sueña [cool]
|
| gbày tǽ |
Helianthemum glomeratum |
susto
|
| zhwǐs |
Iresine spp. |
espanto, mal aire
|
| yàg-brètâyn |
Nicotiana glauca |
unspecified [cool]
|
| guìzh-àlbâc |
Ocimum basilicum |
espanto, mal aire [cool]
|
| guìzh-ròmêr |
Rosmarinus officinalis |
burn as fumigant to “limpiar la casa, quitar sueño pesado”
|
| lùsêm |
Salvia lavanduloides, S. muscuroides |
burn as fumigant to “limpiar la casa, quitar sueño pesado” [cool]
|
| guìzh-mîrt |
Salvia microphylla |
burn as fumigant to “limpiar la casa, quitar sueño pesado” [cool]
|
| guièe-dzǐn̲g |
Salvia spp. |
not specified
|
Table 6.10. Gastrointestinal remedies.
|
diarrhea
| guìdzdán |
|
Alternanthera caracasana
| guìzh-guìdzdán |
|
Argemone mexicana
| guièts-nîz |
|
Pinguicula macrophylla, P. moranensis
| diàg-cûch |
|
diarrhea of children | -
|
|
Salvia lavanduloides, S. muscuroides
| lùsêm |
|
Tagetes filifolia, T. micrathantha
| guìzh-nìzh |
|
diarrhea with indigestion | -
|
|
Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia
| yàg-guièe-yǎl |
|
Verbena officinalis
| ptiôn |
|
diarrhea with vomiting
| nì guídz-rdzìb |
|
Tagetes erecta var. 1
| guièe-cǒb-mzhǐg |
|
cold diarrhea | -
|
|
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
| yàg-cànêl |
|
Matricaria recutita w/ Foeniculum vulgare
| guièe-mànzànî w/ guìzh-hìnôj |
|
Oxalis corniculata
| guìzh-bdiò-guìx |
|
dysentery
| yòob-chèn |
|
Cydonia oblonga
| yàg-mèmbrî |
|
Elaphoglossum spp.
| lùdz-mdzìn |
|
Eryngium cf. cymosum
| guièts-mél-lò |
|
Gomphrena diffusa
| guìzh-guiět-nì |
|
Punica granatum
| yàg-ngùd-guièe-ziè |
|
dysentery with fever | -
|
|
Phlebodium aureolatum
| bàz |
|
stomach ache
| yòob-zdòo |
|
Baccharis mexicana, B. serraefolia
| yàg-yàaz-làs |
|
Baccharis salicifolia
| yàg-yàaz-nquǐts |
|
Buddleia sessiliflora
| blâg-wì |
|
Chrysanthemum parthenium
| guièe-sàntàmàrǐ-nquǐts |
|
Dodonaea viscosa
| yàg-blâg-bîdz |
|
Galinsoga parviflora
| guièe-sàntàmàrǐ-làs |
|
Matricaria recutita
| guièe-mànzànî |
|
Melia azedarach
| yàg-pàraîs |
|
Mimosa albida var. strigata
| guièts-làa-tó |
|
Montanoa tomentosa
| yàg-yàaz-ngǎs |
|
Ricinus communis
| yàg-blàp |
|
Tithonia tubaeformis
| bâr-dòo-lǎ |
|
Valeriana cf. densiflora
| guìzh-ngùd-lèn |
|
stomach ache, bilious
| bìlîs |
|
Coreopsis mutica var. carnosifolia
| ncuàan-bzhiân |
|
Eucalyptus globulus
| yàg-eùcàlîpt |
|
Gnaphalium spp., Conyza gnaphaloides
| sìmònî |
|
Marrubium vulgare
| màrrûb |
|
Plumbago pulchella
| guìzh-nàad |
|
Prunus persica
| yàg-drâz |
|
Prunus serotina ssp. calpuli
| yàg-bziǎ |
|
Iresine spp.
| zhwǐs |
|
stomach ache with nausea | -
|
|
Tilia occidentalis, T. mexicana
| guièe-tîl |
|
stomach ache, colicky | -
|
|
Artemisia absinthium
| guìzh-maêstr |
|
Tagetes lucida
| guièe-dzùu |
|
stomach ache with diarrhea | -
|
|
Tagetes filifolia, T. micrathantha
| guìzh-nìzh |
|
Verbena officinalis w/ Matricaria recutita, Mentha sp., Crotalaria spp.
| ptiôn |
|
stomach ache with fever | -
|
|
Citrus aurantiifolia w/ Ruta chalepensis, R. graveolens w/ guaco
| yàg-lîm-0 |
|
rheumatic stomach
| reúma del estómago |
|
Citrus aurantium w/ Ruta chalepensis, Ruta graveolens w/ “guaco”
| yàg-nàrânj w/ rrûd w/ guaco |
|
stomach upset | -
|
|
Cedrela odorata
| yàg-sîdr |
|
Citrus x limonia
| yàg-lìmà-lìmôn |
|
Micromeria chamissonis
| bìt-wàd |
|
Salvia microphylla
| guìzh-mîrt |
|
alcohol-related gastric distress | -
|
|
Amaranthus hybridus
| guìzbæ̀ |
|
Bidens cf. bicolor; Bidens ostruthioides
| guièe-tǐ-nguěts; guièe-tǐ-dán |
|
Bidens odorata; Bidens pilosa
| guièe-tǐ-nquǐts |
|
Satureja macrostemma
| yàg-wǎas |
|
empacho
| èmpâch |
|
Acacia pennatula
| yàg-guièts-yàaz |
|
Buddleia spp.
| blâg-wì |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides
| ptiè |
|
Chenopodium graveolens w/ Eysenhardtia spp., Leucaena spp., Plumeria rubra
| guìzh-mèt w/ yàg-guièe-guiâ w/ yàg-guièe-yǎl |
|
Dalea foliolosa
| nlít-quiè |
|
empacho with vomiting | -
|
|
Brassica campestris; Brassica nigra
| mòxtâz |
|
Foeniculum vulgare
| guìzh-hìnôj |
|
intestinal worms
| lòmbrîz |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides
| ptiè-mòrâd |
|
Chenopodium graveolens
| guìzh-mèt |
|
Jacaranda mimosifolia
| yàg-jàcàrân |
|
Piper auritum
| blâg-guiùu |
|
constipation
| guídz-ràgw |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides w/ C. graveolens
| ptiè w/ guìzh-mèt |
|
purgatives | -
|
|
Crotalaria pumila
| ncuàan-yè-nzhên |
|
Rosa x centifolia
| guièe-rôs-càstî |
|
Tamarindus indica
| yàg-tàmàrînd |
|
stomach inflammation | -
|
|
Arctostaphylos pungens
| yàg-blæ̀æ |
|
Opuntia spp.; Nopalea auberi
| yàg-biǎa |
|
stomach “attack” | -
|
|
Mirabilis jalapa
| guièe-màràvî |
|
loss of appetite | -
|
|
Citrus x limonia
| yàg-lìmà-lìmôn |
|
Iresine spp.
| zhwǐs |
|
“airs”
| guídz-bdìin, guídz-mê, mê-yôzh |
|
Dodonaea viscosa
| yàg-blâg-bîdz |
|
Iresine spp.
| zhwǐs |
|
Marrubium vulgare
| màrrûb |
|
Satureja macrostemma
| yàg-wǎas |
|
Wigandia urens
| blâg-wê
|
Table 6.11. Remedies for complaints of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and throat.
|
Zapotec name |
Latin name |
Condition
|
| guièe-màrpôl |
Alcea rosea |
whooping cough | - |
|
dòb-xtîl w/ guièe-tùts |
Aloe barbadensis w/ Tecoma stans |
coughs |
|
guìzh-nêld |
Anethum graveolens |
coughs |
|
guìzh-guièe-rò w/ yàg-làz, yàg-eùcàlîpt |
Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana w/ Cheiranthrodendron pentadactylon, Eucalyptus globulus |
coughs |
|
bòrrâj, yàg-làz, yàg-mànzànît, gòrdòlôb, yàg-mànzân, spìnòsî, blâg-chòg, zhǒb-ngǎs |
Borago officinalis, Cheiranthrodendron pentadactylon, Crataegus pubescens, Gnaphalium spp., Malus domestica, Loeselia mexicana, Tournefortia spp., Zea mays |
coughs |
|
mòxtâz |
Brassica campestris, B. nigra |
coughs; ronquera [hoarseness] |
|
spìnòsî w/ bòrrâj, yàg-mànzànît |
Loeselia mexicana w/ Borago officinalis, Crataegus pubescens |
coughs |
|
guìzh-mòstrânz |
Mentha rotundifolia |
coughs |
|
yàg-saûz |
Sambucus mexicana |
coughs |
|
màlbàrîscw |
Sida rhombifolia |
coughs |
|
guièe-sàntàmàrǐ w/ |
Tanacetum parthenium w/ Calea hypoleuca |
coughs |
|
guièe-dòrmìlôn |
Calendula officinalis |
sore throats |
|
guìzh-rquiá-yàn |
Eupatorium petiolare |
tonsillitis; severe sore throat |
|
mal-tuêrs |
Tropaeolum majus |
tonsillitis (angina) |
|
guièe-sàntàmàrǐ-mòntês |
Helenium mexicanum |
clogged nasal passages |
|
guièe-sàntàmàrǐ w/ guìzh-màrrûb |
Tanacetum parthenium w/ Marrubium vulgare |
colds |
|
guièe-zhàn-biǎa w/ pèrèjîl |
Oenothera rosea w/ Petroselinum crispum |
nose bleeds |
|
lbæ̀-guiùu |
Spirogyra |
nose bleeds |
|
yàg-yàaz-làs |
Baccharis mexicana, B. serraefolia |
ear ache |
|
yàg-blâg-bîdz |
Dodonaea viscosa |
aire en su oído |
|
guìzh-ngudzìi |
Galium mexicanum |
ear ache |
|
guièe-sàntàmàrǐ |
Tanacetum parthenium |
oído de frío |
|
guièts-nîz |
Argemone mexicana |
“blood in the eye”; painful eyes |
|
guìzh-biè |
Euphorbia heterophylla, E. hyssopifolia |
cataracts |
|
guièe-mòrâd |
Pinaropappus roseus |
“blood in the eye” |
|
yàg-guièe-yǎl |
Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia |
cataracts |
|
yàg-nîspèrò |
Eriobotrya japonica |
inflammation of the gums (yòob-bàa) |
|
guìzh-měy |
Asclepias curassavica |
tooth ache; caries |
|
guìzh-yòob-lây |
Brickellia vernoicaefolia |
tooth ache |
|
yàg-mângw |
Mangifera indica |
tooth ache
|
Table 6.12. Remedies for skin problems, wounds, etc.
|
bòrrâj, gòrdòlôb, guièe-rôs-càstî, yàg-bèch-mbǎr, yàg-guièdz-zân, blâg-chòg
| Bocconia arborescens, B. officinalis, Gnaphalium spp., Rosa x centifolia, Rhus spp., Solanum lanceolatum, Tournefortia densiflora, T. hartwegiana, Cordia salvadorensis |
cancer
|
| mě-diè
| Lycoperdon cf. perlatum; Bovista sp., Calvatia sp. |
stanch wounds (spores)
|
| guìzh-zhǐil-dán
| Acourtia sp. |
stanch wounds
|
| guìzh-zhǐil-wlâgw
| Cheilanthes beitelii |
stanch wounds
|
| dòb-xtîl
| Aloe barbadensis |
burns
|
| guièe-jèrân-sùlfèrîn
| Pelargonium x hortorum |
burns ; grind leaves, apply
|
| yàg-zhguiès-yǎ-guì
| Salix nigra, S. oxylepis |
body sores
|
| yàg-pcuà
| Jatropha cordifolia, J. platyphylla |
canker sores
|
| gbày tǽ
| Helianthemum glomeratum |
children´s rash
|
| guièe-dzǐn̲g
| Salvia spp. and/or Lamourouxia spp., Penstemon spp., Lobelia spp., Castilleja spp. |
children´s rash
|
| yàg-guièts-zhìg
| Fouquieria formosa |
cold sores
|
| blâg-guiùu
| Piper auritum | -
|
| yàg-yàaz-ngǎs
| Montanoa tomentosa |
rash
|
| guièe-rôs-càstî
| Rosa x centifolia |
mouth sores
|
| yàg-bèch-mbǎr
| Rhus cf. terebinthifolia, R. oaxacana, R. pachyrrhachis |
mouth sores; diaper rash;
|
| yàg-bèch-lsæ̀æb
| Rhus costaricensis and/or R. mollis |
mouth sores; diaper rash
|
| xín-bèch-mbǎr
| Rhus standleyi, Chiococca alba |
mouth sores; diaper rash;
|
| yàg-guìzdòo
| Taxodium mucronatum |
rash
|
| guièe-mòrâd
| Pinaropappus roseus |
pimples, skin sores, diaper rash, or chapped skin
|
| guìzh-nàad
| Mentzelia hispida |
ronchas
|
| blâg-dòoz
| Rumex crispus, Rumex cf. mexicana |
ronchas
|
| yàg-zhguiès
| Salix bonplandiana |
ronchas
|
| guièe-yùzh
| Sedum prealtum, Echeverria spp. |
ronchas; fuegos en la boca
|
| yàg-blæ̀æ w/ blâg-mêd
| Arctostaphylos pungens w/ Malva parviflora |
sores
|
| blâg-mêd w/ spènòsî, guièe-rôs-càstî, gòrdòlôb
| Malva parviflora w/ Loeselia mexicana, Rosa x centifolia, Gnaphalium spp. |
sores (granos), and wounds
|
| guìzh-làs
| Piqueria pilosa |
sores on the hands; granos sencillos
|
| yàg-làa
| Mentzelia conzatti |
sores, ronchas, granos
|
| bæ̌æl-dǒ
| Piqueria trinervia |
sores; diaper rash (granitos); manchas blancas
|
| bòrrâj w/ gordolobo
| Borago officinalis w/ Gnaphalium spp. |
measles
|
| màlbàrîscw
| Sida rhombifolia |
measles
|
| blâg-mêd w/ guièe-rôs-nquǐts, màlbàrîscw
| Malva parviflora, w/ Rosa cf. odorata, Sida rhombifolia |
skin rashes (granos); measles (sarampión)
|
| yàg-làg
| Cnidoscolus multilobus |
“the sap removes the spines”
|
| ncuàan-yè and/or ncuàan-yè-pxǐizh
| Crotalaria spp. |
ameliorate itch and swelling (contact dermatitis ) from Pseudosmodingium multifolium, Cnidoscolus multilobus
|
| gbày
| Schkuhria anthemoides |
kill chiggers (aradores, mèx)
|
| pxǐizh-wlàadz
| Crotalaria sp. |
pain of insect bites; pain of bee or wasp stings or fly bites
|
| x-guìzh-ngulâdz
| Senna holwayana; Senna pringlei; Senna vilosa |
pain of the sting of an ant, mrè-dǔn
|
| ncuàan-yè
| Crotalaria spp., w/ olive oil |
pain, burning of spines
|
| dòb-pcuêl
| Agave marmorata |
snake, insect bite
|
| rrûd
| Ruta chalepensis; Ruta graveolens, w/ “oil of San Sebastian” |
“fright”; skin discoloration (manchas)
|
| bâr-dòo-lǎ
| Tithonia tubaeformis |
manchas
|
| spìnòsî
| Loeselia mexicana; Loeselia glandulosa |
white spots and fever
|
| yàg-pchǔux-yâas
| Solanum americanum w/ Piqueria trinervia |
skin discoloration (manchas, mânch-ngǎs `black spots´ and/or manchas blancas),
|
| ncuǎan-yǎas
| Heimia salicifolia
| bæ̌æl-yâas (some kidney problem), manchas negras and sore bones; cuerda (guíp)
|
| bià-tòo
| Microsechium helleri |
dandruff; lice
|
| dòb-xtîl
| Aloe barbadensis |
prevent hair loss
|
| blǎ-dǐp
| Phaseolus vulgaris |
skin problems
|
Table 6.13. Remedies for bodily pains and fevers.
|
“air,” side ache
| yàg-bnù
| Ipomoea intrapilosa |
|
“black meat” (bæ̌æl-yâas), black spots and sore bones
| ncuǎan-yǎas
| Heimia salicifolia |
|
“nails” (wdzìdz, clavillo), an “air” that “hits”
| yàg-blâg-bîdz
| Dodonaea viscosa |
|
backache
| yàg-blæ̀æ
| Arctostaphylos pungens |
|
backache
| yàg-yàal-nquǐts
| Bursera cf. fagaroides |
|
backache
| yàg-guín-quiè
| Bursera galeottiana |
|
backache
| yàg-yàal-ngǎs
| Bursera glabrifolia |
|
backache
| yàg-yàal
| Bursera spp. |
|
backache
| yàg-yàal-bey
| Bursera spp. |
|
backache, body pain
| yàg-blàp
| Ricinus communis |
|
backache, sore bones
| yàg-blâg-bîdz
| Dodonaea viscosa |
|
blows
| yàg-guiél-bêdz
| Licania platypus |
|
blows
| yàg-ngùd-guièx
| Persea americana |
|
blows
| guìzh-ròmêr
| Rosmarinus officinalis |
|
blows
| guièe-sàntàmàrǐ-nquǐts
| Tanacetum parthenium |
|
bodily pains, e.g., aching or broken bones, side ache, blows, broken bones
| còrdèbân
| Euphorbia rossiana, Pedilanthus cf. tomentellus |
|
body pain, “nails” (wdzidz, clavillo)
| màrrûb
| Marrubium vulgare |
|
cleansing, hot pain
| yàg-brètâyn
| Nicotiana glauca |
|
cold conditions
| yàg-laùrêl1
| Litsea glaucescens |
|
cold pain
| yàg-wǎas
| Satureja macrostemma |
|
fever
| dòb-xtîl
| Aloe barbadensis |
|
fever
| yàg-yàaz-nguěts
| Barkleyanthus salicifolium |
|
fever
| mòxtâz
| Brassica campestris, B. nigra |
|
fever
| yàg-frêsn
| Fraxinus americana var. texensis |
|
fever
| spìnòsî-làs
| Loeselia glandulosa |
|
fever
| spìnòsî
| Loeselia mexicana, L. glandulosa |
|
fever
| blâg-mêd
| Malva parviflora |
|
fever
| yàg-pàraîs
| Melia azedarach |
|
fever
| bàz
| Phlebodium aureolatum |
|
fever
| màlbàrîscw
| Sida rhombifolia |
|
fever, headaches
| yàg-guièe-zhǐn
| Cestrum dumetorum |
|
fever, wounds
| guièe-rôs-nquǐts
| Rosa cf. odorata |
|
fever, wounds
| guièe-rôs-càstî
| Rosa x centifolia |
|
foot injuries
| guìzh-quês
| Anoda cristata |
|
headache
| guìzh-maêstr
| Artemisia absinthium |
|
headache
| guìzh-biè
| Euphorbia heterophylla, E. hyssopifolia |
|
headache
| yàg-bnù
| Ipomoea intrapilosa |
|
headache
| spìnòsî
| Loeselia mexicana, L. glandulosa |
|
headache, attacks
| guièe-ló-yâg-guièts
| Cladocolea cf. andrieuxii, Psittacanthus auriculatus |
|
headache, cleansing for fright
| àlbâc
| Ocimum basilicum |
|
headache, ear ache
| yàg-brètâyn
| Nicotiana glauca |
|
headache, fever
| guièe-zhàn-biǎa
| Oenothera rosea |
|
headache, fever
| màltuêrs
| Tropaeolum majus |
|
headache, sore bones
| guìzh-yòob
| Asteraceae or Polemoniaceae |
|
heart pain
| yàg-ngùd-guèy
| Casimiroa edulis |
|
hemorrhage
| guìzh-mîrt
| Salvia microphylla |
|
hernia (ngùd-lèn), backache, stomach pain
| guìzh-ngùd-lèn
| Valeriana cf. densiflora |
|
hot pains, of foot, hand, [headache with fever ?]
| blâg-dòoz
| Rumex crispus, R. cf. mexicana |
|
hot pains, stomach ache, fever
| yàg-lîm
| Citrus aurantiifolia |
|
hot pains, stomach ache, fever
| rrûd
| Ruta chalepensis, R. graveolens |
|
internal injuries
| guìzh-cònêf
| Asclepias fournieri |
|
nzææb (feet, face swell)
| guièe-pûnt
| Brugmansia x candida |
|
pasmo
| nlěch
| Allium cepa |
|
pasmo, backache
| blâg-guièz
| Nicotiana tabacum |
|
pasmo: swelling, a wound that will not heal
| blâg-pâsm
| Cissus sicyoides |
|
side ache
| guìzh-mèt
| Chenopodium graveolens |
|
sore feet
| dòb-yèen
| Echeveria sp., Sedum sp. |
|
sore feet, back
| blâg-rzûdz
| Datura stramonium |
|
sore feet, rheumatism
| yàg-pìrûl
| Schinus molle |
|
sprains
| dòb-pcuêl
| Agave marmorata |
|
swelling (guì)
| blâg-rzûdz
| Datura stramonium |
|
swelling (guì)
| yàg-biǎa
| Opuntia spp., Nopalea auberi |
|
swelling (guì)
| yàg-guièdz-zân-zhǐil
| Solanum lanceolatum |
|
swelling (guì), inflammation
| dòb-xtîl
| Aloe barbadensis |
|
white spots and fever
| spìnòsî
| Loeselia mexicana, L. glandulosa
|
Table 6.14. Remedies for urinary tract problems.
|
burning urination
| dòb-xtîl
| Aloe barbadensis |
|
can´t urinate
| spìnòsî
| Loeselia mexicana, L. glandulosa |
|
kidney pain, dysentery
| guìzh-guiět-nì
| Gomphrena diffusa |
|
kidney stones (guìdz-riân), mal de orina, back pain
| x-côl-càbâll
| Equisetum myriochaetum |
|
kidney stones (guìdz-riân), can´t urinate, mal de orina
| yàg-blæ̀æ
| Arctostaphylos pungens |
|
mal de orina
| guièts-mél-lò
| Eryngium cf. cymosum |
|
mal de orina
| guiéer-ngǔèets
| Rhodosciadium cf. tolucensis |
|
mal de orina, also for back ache
| yàg-mànzànít
| Crataegus pubescens |
Table 6.15. Remedies related to childbearing.
| to regulate the menstrual cycle
| guìzh-ngùd-lèn
| Valeriana cf. densiflora |
|
when menstruation is delayed
| guìzh-mèt
| Chenopodium graveolens |
|
if the placenta does not fall
| sìlândr
| Coriandrum sativum |
| -
| zhǒb, pcuêl
| Zea mays, husks |
|
hemorrhage in childbirth
| yàg-læ̀
| Acacia angustissima |
| -
| guìzh-nàad, guiee-ros-casti
| Mentzelia hispida, Rosa x centifolia |
| -
| guìzh-pěch
| Tripogandra cf. serrulata |
|
post-partum; to regain “heat” after giving birth, used in various combinations to prepare compound remedies
| guièe-sàntàmàrǐ, guìzh-ròmêr, guìzh-mòstrânz, guìzh-mîrt, lùsêm, yàg-laùrêl, yàg-ngùd-guièx, yàg-nàrânj, màlbàrîscw, yàg-guiél-bêdz
| Tanacetum parthenium, Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha rotundifolia, Salvia microphylla, S. lavanduloides and/or, S. muscuroides, Litsea glaucescens, Persea americana, Citrus aurantium, Sida rhombifolia, Licania platypus |
|
post-partum; to regain “heat” after giving birth, used singly
| dòb-pcuêl
| Agave marmorata |
| -
| ncuàan-zân
| Calea hypoleuca |
| -
| ncuàan-zân-làs
| Salvia breviflora |
|
post-partum weakness and pain, to abort a fetus
| yàg-guièdz-zân
| Solanum lanceolatum |
|
to facilitate birth, to abort a fetus
| guièe-dzùu
| Tagetes lucida |
|
to abort a fetus ("prohibited" as dangerous to pregnant women)
| guièe-rósà-côl
| Rosa cf. odorata, R. chinensis |
|
for women who can´t give birth
| yàg-zhguiès
| Salix bonplandiana |
|
for “frightened” pregnant women
| yàg-bzèy
| Theobroma cacao |
|
vaginal wash or enema
| blâg-mêd
| Malva parviflora |
|
weakness in children
| bæ̌æl-dǒ
| Piqueria trinervia
|
Table 6.16. Remedies for fright.
|
Zapotec name |
Latin name |
Specifics
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-cônch
| Glandularia bipinnatifida, G. teucriifolia, Verbena ciliata, V. gooddingii (n)
| - |
| ncuàan-dzéb-còrâl-zhěy
| Anagallis arvensis ssp. caerulea (i) |
night fright, men
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-còrâl-zhùs
| Anagallis arvensis ssp. arvensis (i) |
night fright, women
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-guièel
| Pellaea ovata (n) |
night fright
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-maêstr
| Mecardonia procumbens (n) |
fear of teachers; night fright
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-mæ̀cw
| Cheilanthes sinuata (n) |
fear of dogs
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-nquǐts
| Anagallis minimus (i), Samolus floribundus (n)
| - |
| ncuàan-dzéb-ròo
| Talinum paniculatum (n) |
“great fright”
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-strêy
| Pellaea ternifolia (n) |
night fright
|
| ncuàan-dzéb-zhòmbrêl
| Aristolochia cf. pentandra (n) |
night fright
|
| yàg-yǎn
| Arbutus xalapensis (n)
| -
|
| yàg-guièe-zhǐn
| Cestrum dumetorum (n)
| -
|
| spìnòsî, yàg-zhguiès, rrûd
| Loeselia mexicana, L. glandulosa (n), Salix bonplandiana (n), Ruta chalepensis, R. graveolens (i) |
mixed for a compound remedy
|
| àlbâc
| Ocimum basilicum (i) |
also headaches
|
| ncuàan-bzhiân
| Coreopsis mutica var. carnosifolia (n) |
also rage, bile
|
| brǔn-yǎl-guièts
| Aporocactus conzattii (n) | -
|
| yàg-bzèy
| Theobroma cacao (n) |
fright in pregnant women
|
| lchâzh
| Allium sativum (i) |
burn as a fumigant
|
| zhì-ncuàan-ná-zhnâzh
| Turbina corymbosa (n) |
fright suffered far from home
|
| gbày-tǽ
| Helianthemum glomeratum (n) | -
|
| rrûd-nìs-dòo
| certain marine algae (n) |
and weakness
|
Table 6.17. Remedies for emotional distress.
|
rage
| bæ̌æl-dǒ
| Piqueria trinervia |
|
rage
| yàg-zhguiès
| Salix bonplandiana |
|
rage; bile; nerves
| guìzh-ncuàan-bzhiân
| Galphimia glauca |
|
rage [as of drunks], bathe infants so they don't cry or get angry
| bâr-dòo-lǎ
| Tithonia tubaeformis |
|
sadness, weeping
| guìzh-[zhi-]wìin
| Stachys coccinea |
|
sadness, nerves, heart palpitations
| siêmpr-vív
| Selaginella lepidophylla |
|
sadness, nerves; for the heart, women dying of love
| guièe-tǐ-nguěts and/or guièe-tǐ-dán
| Bidens cf. bicolor, B. ostruthioides |
| -
| guièe-tǐ-nquǐts
| Bidens odorata, B. pilosa |
|
nerves
| yàg-blæ̀æ
| Arctostaphylos pungens |
|
“when nerves rise to the head” (epilepsy?), fright, insanity, attacks
| bià-tòo
| Microsechium helleri |
|
attacks, headaches
| guièe-ló-yâg-guièts
| Cladocolea cf. andrieuxii; Psittacanthus auriculatus |
|
nightmares
| rrûd
| Ruta chalepensis, R. graveolens |
|
nightmares
| yàg-ngùd-guèy-pcàal
| Byrsonima crassifolia
|
Table 6.18. Remedies for spiritual maladies.
| nightmares, bad “air”
| yàg-ngùd-guèy-pcàal
| Byrsonima crassifolia |
|
“air”
| x-guìzh-ngulâdz
| Senna holwayana, S. pringlei, S. vilosa |
|
bad “air,” to rid the house of nightmares
| lùsêm
| Salvia lavanduloides, S. muscuroides |
|
to lift “air,” get rid of nightmares
| guìzh-ròmêr
| Rosmarinus officinalis |
|
“air”
| guaco |
unidentified market herb |
|
“air”
| blâg-rzûdz
| Datura stramonium |
|
“air”
| ptsìidz (anis estrella)
| Illicium verum |
|
hot “air”
| màrrûb
| Marrubium vulgare |
|
hot “air,” bad “air”
| rrûd
| Ruta chalepensis, R. graveolens |
|
“air” in the ear
| yàg-blâg-bîdz
| Dodonaea viscosa |
|
bad “air” (the `purple´ variety of the plant is best)
| àlbâc[-mòrâd]
| Ocimum basilicum |
|
bad “air”
| yàg-guìin
| Salmea scandens |
|
bad “air,” zhwèe (“wound” or “injury”), frightening dreams
| yàg-bdìin
| Eupatorium mairetianum |
|
“air,” side ache
| yàg-bnù
| Ipomoea intrapilosa |
|
bad “air,” fright; bile, poor appetite, vomiting [the `white´ variety of the plant is best]
| zhwǐs[-nquǐts]
| Iresine spp. |
|
for lifting “air”
| yàg-lgâzh
| Abies guatemalensis |
|
for “cleansing”
| guìzh-mîrt
| Salvia microphylla |
|
bad “air,” nightmares
| yàg-ngùd-guèy-pcàal̲
| Byrsonima crassifolia |
|
“air”
| guièe-pûnt
| Brugmansia x candida, B. cf. versicolor |
|
“air” in the body
| blâg-wê
| Wigandia urens |
|
“air” in the back, arm
| yàg-blâg-bîdz
| Dodonaea viscosa |
|
for cleansing; hot pain
| yàg-brètâyn
| Nicotiana glauca |
|
for cleansing
| guièe-dzǐn̲g
| Salvia spp., + Lamourouxia spp., Penstemon spp., Lobelia spp., Castilleja spp. |
|
“nails” (wdzidz clavillo), “air” that “hits”
| yàg-blâg-bîdz
| Dodonaea viscosa |
|
evil eye, for cleansing
| blâg-zhnâzh
| Croton ciliato-glandulifer |
|
curers use it
| guìzh-nàad
| Mentzelia hispida |
|
witching (mzhiè) of a child, bad “air”
| mòxtâz
| Brassica campestris. B. nigra |
|
witching (mzhiè) of a child
| yàg-guièts-clâv-nquǐts
| Acacia farnesiana |
|
chaneque, a kind of “air”
| blâg-rzûdz
| Datura stramonium |
|
chaneque, a kind of “air”
| blâg-wì-làs
| Buddleia lanceolata, B. microphylla, B. parviflora |
|
chaneque, a kind of “air”
| blâg-wì
| Buddleia spp. |
|
chaneque, a kind of “air”
| guièe-pûnt-0
| Brugmansia x candida
|
Table 6.19. Remedies for conditons afflicting animals.
|
cure poisoning of animals, with salt
| lchâzh
| Allium sativum |
| -
| yàg-guìin
| Capsicum annuum |
|
for pains of animals, feed them leaves
| yàg-bnù
| Ipomoea intrapilosa |
|
trap fleas with leaves
| blâg-wê
| Wigandia urens |
|
repel flies with flowers
| yàg-guièe-guiâ
| Eysenhardtia platycarpa, E. cf. polystachea |
|
burned to make smoke to keep mosquitoes [mlènts] away
| yàg-guièdz-zân-mběe
| Solanum erianthum
|
Table 6.20. Comparison of large plant families by medicinal salience.
|
Plant family |
Number of medicinal species |
Total number of local species recorded |
Percent of total species that are medicinal |
Medicinal % vs. angiosperm average |
|
Asteraceae |
43 |
182 |
23.6% |
<2.3% |
|
Fabaceae |
20 |
88 |
22.7% |
<3.2% |
|
Solanaceae |
12 |
33 |
36.4% |
> 10.5% |
|
Lamiaceae |
11 |
32 |
34.4% |
> 8.5% |
|
Anacardiaceae |
11 |
14 |
78.6% |
> 52.7% |
|
Rosaceae |
9 |
22 |
40.9% |
> 15.0% |
|
Euphorbiaceae |
9 |
17 |
52.9% |
> 27.0% |
|
Rutaceae |
9 |
12 |
75% |
> 49.1% |
|
Poaceae |
1 |
29 |
3.4% |
<23.5% |
|
Orchidaceae |
0 |
21 |
0% |
<25.9% |
|
Cyperaceae |
0 |
11 |
0% |
<25.9% |
|
Total |
266 |
1045 |
25.5% |
-
|
|
Total angiosperms |
254 |
980 |
25.9% |
-
|
Table 6.21. Statistical comparison of several regional floras (cf. Moerman et al. 1999); for San Juan in raw numbers of medicinal species, for the rest in terms of the proportion of the total number of local species of the family; italicized numbers indicate rank from the bottom.
|
Plant family |
Rank in San Juan |
Rank in Highland Chiapas |
Rank in Native North America |
Rank in Ecuador |
|
Asteraceae |
1 |
1 |
1 |
47 |
|
Fabaceae |
2 |
131 |
253 |
2 |
|
Lamiaceae |
3 |
2 |
8 |
71 |
|
Solanaceae |
4 |
3 |
14 |
16 |
|
Rosaceae |
5 |
4 |
4 |
- |
|
Euphorbiaceae |
5 |
21 |
234 |
85 |
|
Apiaceae |
9 |
5 |
2 |
71 |
|
Poaceae |
2 (tied for next to last) |
1 |
1 |
67 |
|
Cyperaceae |
1 (tie for last) |
3 |
2 |
16 |
|
Orchidaceae |
1 (tie for last) |
2 |
10 |
1
|
Table 7.1. Garden Summaries.
| Latin | variety | fam | uses | origin | lifeform | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | #7 | #8 | #9 | freq |
| Agapanthus africanus | - | Lil | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 8 |
| Agave salmiana | - | Aga | f | n | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Alcea rosea | white | Mlv | o | i | h | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Alcea rosea | red | Mlv | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Alcea rosea | burgundy | Mlv | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Allium cepa | - | All | f | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Aloe barbadensis | - | Alo | m | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Alternanthera caracasana | - | Ama | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Amaranthus hybridus | - | Ama | f | n | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 5 |
| Amaranthus hybridus | - | Ama | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Amaranthus hybridus | - | Ama | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Amaryllis belladonna | whte | Aml | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Amaryllis belladonna | pink | Aml | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Amaryllis belladonna | - | Ama | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Anethum graveolens | - | Api | f | i | h | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Annona cherimola | - | Ann | f | n | t | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 7 |
| Antirrhinium majus | - | Scr | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| Antirrhinium majus | white | Scr | o | i | h | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Antirrhinium majus | red | Scr | o | i | h | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Antirrhinium majus | orange | Scr | o | i | h | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Antirrhinium majus | pink | Scr | o | i | h | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Aptenia cordifolia | - | Aiz | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Araceae sp. | - | Ara | o, t | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Artemisia absinthium | - | Ast | m | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana var. mexicana | - | Ast | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Arundo donax | - | Poa | t | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Asclepias curassavica | - | Asc | m | i | h | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 5 |
| Aster novi-belgii | - | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 6 |
| Aster novi-belgii | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Asteraceae sp. | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 5 |
| Asteraceae sp. | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Baccharis salicifolia | - | Ast | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 5 |
| Baccharis sp. | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Barkleyanthus salicifolium | - | Ast | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Begonia sp. | pink | Beg | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Begonia sp. | - | Beg | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Begonia spp. | - | Beg | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Begonia x semperflorens | - | Beg | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Bidens sp. | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Bidens sp. | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| Bidens sp. | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Bocconia arborescens | - | Pap | m | n | s | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Borago officinalis | - | Bor | m | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Brassica campestris | - | Bra | f | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Brugmansia candida | - | Sol | o | i | s | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 5 |
| Brugmansia cf. versicolor | - | Sol | o | i | s | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Buddleia sessiliflora | - | Log | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Buddleia sp. | - | Log | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Calendula officinalis | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Canna indica | red | Can | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 8 |
| Canna indica | yellow | Can | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 7 |
| Canna indica | white | Can | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 5 |
| Canna indica | - | Can | o | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Canna indica | pink | Can | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Canna indica | orange | Can | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Capsicum annuum | - | Sol | f | n | s | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 4 |
| Capsicum annuum | - | Sol | f | n | s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Capsicum annuum | - | Sol | f | n | s | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Capsicum annuum | - | Sol | f | n | s | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Capsicum annuum | - | Sol | f | n | s | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Capsicum frutescens | - | Sol | f | n | s | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Casuarina equisetifolia | - | Cas | t | i | t | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Chenopodium album | - | Chn | f | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides | - | Chn | f, m | n | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 7 |
| Chenopodium graveolens | - | Chn | f, m | n | h | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 4 |
| Chrysanthemum sp | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Chrysanthemum sp | - | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Chrysanthemum sp | - | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Chrysanthemum sp | - | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Chrysanthemum sp | button | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Chrysanthemum sp | daisy | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Citrus aurantium | - | Rut | f | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Citrus limetta | - | Rut | f | i | t | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 4 |
| Citrus limonia | - | Rut | f | i | t | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Citrus medica | - | Rut | m | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Citrus reticulata | - | Rut | f, m | i | t | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Citrus x paradisi | - | Rut | - | i | t | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Coffea arabica | - | Rub | f | i | s | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Commelinaceae sp. | - | Cmm | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Commelinaceae sp. | - | Cmm | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Coreopsis mutica | - | Ast | m | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Coriandrum sativum | - | Api | f | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Cosmos bipinnatus | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Crataegus pubescens | - | Ros | f | n | t | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| Crocosmia crocosmiflora | - | Iri | o | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Crotalaria sp. | - | Fab | f | n | s | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Cucurbita ficifolia | - | Cuc | f | n | v | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 5 |
| Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) | - | Cuc | f | n | v | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Cucurbita pepo var. pepo | - | Cuc | f | n | v | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Cupressus lusitanica | - | Cup | o | n | t | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cydonia oblonga | - | Ros | f | i | t | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Cymbopogon citratus | - | Poa | f | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 3 |
| Dahlia x hortensis | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Dahlia x hortensis | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Dahlia x hortensis | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Dahlia x hortensis | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Dahlia x hortensis | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Dahlia x hortensis | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Dalea foliolosa | - | Fab | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Datura stramonium | - | Sol | m | n | h | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Daucus carota | - | Api | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Dianthus chinensis | - | Ast | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| Dyssodia tagetifolia | - | Ast | a, o | n | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 5 |
| Echinopepon pubescens | - | Cuc | a | n | v | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 5 |
| Ehretia tinifolia | - | Her | o | i | t | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Eriobotrya japonica | - | Ros | f | i | t | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 8 |
| Eucalyptus globulus | dollar | Mrt | m | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Eucalyptus globulus | bonzai | Mrt | m | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Eucalyptus globulus | - | Mrt | m | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Eupatorium mairetianum | - | Ast | m | n | h | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Euphorbia pulcherrima | - | Eup | o | n | s | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| Eysenhardtia polystachea | - | Fab | m | n | t | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Ficus carica | - | Mor | f | i | t | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ficus nitida | - | Mor | - | i | t | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Foeniculum vulgare | - | Api | m | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 5 |
| Fraxinus americana var. texensis | - | Ole | t | i | t | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Geranium sp. | - | Ger | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 4 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 4 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Gladiolus x hortulanus | - | Iri | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Gomphrena diffusa | - | Ama | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Heimia salicifolia | - | Lyt | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Hemerocallis fulva | - | Hem | o | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Hemerocallis sp. | golden chimes | Hem | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | - | Mlv | o | i | s | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | double yellow | Mlv | o | i | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Hydrangea hortensis | mophead pink | Hyd | o | i | s | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Impatiens sp. | - | Bal | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Impatiens sp. | - | Bal | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Impatiens sp. | - | Bal | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Impatiens sp. | - | Bal | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Impatiens sp. | New Guinea | Bal | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ipomoea indica | - | Cnv | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Ipomoea sp. | - | Cnv | o | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Iresine spp. | - | Ama | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Iris sp. | white bearded | Iri | o | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Justica spicigera | - | Aca | t | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Lactuca sativa | - | Ast | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Leucaena pallida | - | Fab | f | n | t | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Leucanthemum x superbum | - | Ast | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Loeselia mexicana | - | Plm | m | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Lopezia racemosa | - | Ona | o | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 3 |
| Lupinus sp. | - | Fab | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Lycopersicon esculentum | - | Sol | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Malus domestica | creole | Ros | f | i | t | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Malus domestica | - | Ros | f | i | t | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Malus domestica | - | Ros | f | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Malus domestica | - | Ros | f | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Malva parviflora | - | Mlv | m | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 5 |
| Mammillaria sp. | - | Cac | f | n | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Marrubium vulgare | - | Lam | m | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Matricaria recutita | - | Ast | m | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Medicago sativa | - | Fab | a | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Melia azedarach | - | Mel | m | i | t | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Melilotus alba | - | Fab | a | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Micromeria chamissonis | - | Lam | m | n | h | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 |
| Mirabilis jalapa | - | Nyc | o | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Montanoa speciosa | - | Ast | o | n | s | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Montanoa tomentosa | - | Ast | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Morus celtidifolia | - | Mor | t | n | t | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Musa sapientum | - | Mus | f | i | t | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Musa sapientum | - | Mus | f | i | t | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Musa sapientum | - | Mus | f | i | t | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Musa sapientum | - | Mus | f | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Musa sapientum | - | Mus | f | i | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Nerium oleander | rose | Apo | o | i | t | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Nicotiana tabacum | - | Sol | m | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Ocimum basilicum | - | Lam | m | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica | - | Cac | f | n | t | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Opuntia robusta | - | Cac | f | n | t | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 |
| Orchidaceae sp. | - | Orc | o | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Origanum marjoram | - | Lam | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Origanum vulgare | - | Lam | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 3 |
| Parmentiera aculeata | - | Big | f | n | t | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Pelargoniun sp. | vining | Ger | o | i | v | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | red | Ger | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 6 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | pink | Ger | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 6 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | white | Ger | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 6 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | orange | Ger | o | i | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | orange | Ger | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | - | Ger | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | burgundy | Ger | o | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | dark | Ger | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Pelargoniun zonale | soft pink | Ger | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Persea americana | - | Mor | f | n | t | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 3 |
| Persea americana | - | Mor | f | n | t | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Persea americana | - | Mor | f | n | t | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Persea americana | - | Mor | f | n | t | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Petroselinum crispum | - | Api | f | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 8 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | - | Fab | f | n | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 7 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | - | Fab | f | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | - | Fab | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | - | Fab | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | - | Fab | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Physalis philadelphica | - | Sol | f | n | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Physalis spp. | - | Sol | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Pimpinella anisum | - | Api | f | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Piper auritum | - | Pip | f | n | s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 5 |
| Plantago major | - | Ptg | m | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Plectranthus australis | - | Lam | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Poaceae sp. | - | Poa | a | n | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 3 |
| Podranea ricasoliana | - | Big | o | i | v | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Polianthes tuberosa | - | Aga | o | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Portulaca oleracea | - | Por | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Prunus armeniaca | - | Ros | f | i | t | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Prunus persica | - | Ros | f | i | t | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 5 |
| Prunus persica | small | Ros | f | i | t | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Prunus persica | large | Ros | f | n | t | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Prunus serotina var. calpuli | - | Ros | f | n | h | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Pteridophyta sp. | - | Plp | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Punica granatum | - | Pun | f | i | t | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 5 |
| Pyrus communis | - | Ros | f | i | t | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Raphanus sativus | - | Bra | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Raphanus sativus | small | Bra | f | i | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Ricinus communus | white | Eup | m | i | s | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 5 |
| Ricinus communus | red | Eup | m | i | s | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Ricinus communus | - | Eup | m | i | s | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rorippa nasturtium-acuaticum | - | Bra | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Rosa chinensis | - | Ros | m, o | i | s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Rosa odorata | - | Ros | m, o | i | s | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 4 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | o | i | s | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | o | i | s | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | o | i | s | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | o | i | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | o | i | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | o | i | s | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rosa sp. | - | Ros | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rosa x centifolia | - | Ros | m, o | i | s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 5 |
| Rumex mexicana | - | Plg | f | n | h | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 4 |
| Ruta chalepensis | - | Rut | m | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Saccharum officinarum | - | Poa | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Salix bonplandiana | - | Sal | t | n | t | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Salvia microphyla | - | Lam | m | n | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Salvia sp. ? | - | Lam | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Salvia tilaefolia | - | Lam | m | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Sambucus mexicana | - | Lam | o | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Schkuhria anthemoides | - | Ast | t | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Schlumbergera x | - | Cac | o | i | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Sechium edule | - | Cuc | o | i | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Sedum cf. morganianum | - | Crs | o | n | s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sedum prealtum | - | Crs | o | i | v | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Sedum sp. | - | Crs | f | n | v | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Sida rhombifolia | - | Mlv | o | i | s | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Solanum americanum | - | Sol | o | i | v | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 4 |
| Solanum americanum | - | Sol | f, m | n | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 4 |
| Solanum jazminoides | - | Sol | o | i | v | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Solanum nigrum | - | Sol | m | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Solanum sp. | - | Sol | f, m | n | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Solanum tuberosum | - | Sol | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Solanum tuberosum | - | Sol | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 4 |
| Solanum tuberosum | - | Sol | f | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Sorghum bicolor | - | Poa | a | i | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Tagetes erecta | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Tagetes erecta | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Tagetes lunulata | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Tagetes patula | - | Ast | o | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Tanacetum parthenium | - | Ast | m | i | h | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Tanacetum parthenium | - | Ast | m | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Tanacetum parthenium | - | Ast | m | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Thymus vulgaris | - | Lam | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Tigridia pavonia | - | Iri | o | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Tillandsia usneoides | - | Bml | o | n | h | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Tithonia sp. | - | Ast | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Tradescantia sp. | - | Cmm | o | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Triticum aestivum | - | Poa | f | i | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Tropaeolum majus | - | Tro | m | i | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Verbena carolina | - | Vrb | f | n | h | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Verbena officinalis | - | Vrb | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Verbesina perymenioides | - | Ast | m | n | s | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Vicia faba | - | Fab | f | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Vitis vinifera | - | Vit | f | i | v | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Xanthosoma robustum | - | Ara | m | n | h | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Zantedeschia aethiopica | - | Ara | o | i | h | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 6 |
| Zea mays | white | Poa | f | n | h | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 |
| Zea mays | creole | Poa | f | n | h | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Zea mays | purple | Poa | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Zea mays | black | Poa | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Zea mays | yellow | Poa | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Zea mays | red | Poa | f | n | h | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Totals | - | - | - | - | - | 128 | 92 | 92 | 80 | 71 | 62 | 58 | 47 | 40 | 74 |
Uses: ornamental 126, food 97, medicine 56, technology 8, animal fodder 6; Source: native 115, introduced 168; Lifeform: herb 183, tree 47, shrub 39, vine 11; Average number of cultivars per garden = 74
Table 8.1. Acquisition of botanical terminology in three communities.
|
Age |
Mahosik´, Tenejapa, Chiapas (Stross 1973) |
Berkeley, California (Dougherty 1979) |
San Juan Gbëë, Oaxaca (Hunn field notes) |
|
2.5 |
30+ plant names; 4 life forms applied functionally | -
| -
|
|
4-5 |
100 plant names applied consistently w/uses; 4 life forms; 32 generics |
20 plant names; 10 applied consistently; 4 life forms; 7 generics | -
|
|
6-7 | -
|
7 life forms; 20 generics; 2 specifics |
7 life forms; 58 generics; 12 specifics |
|
8-10 |
108 plants on trail identified consistently; 4 life forms; 106 generics; 20 specifics; varietals |
8 life forms; 26 generics; 4 specifics |
7 life forms; 111 generics; 18 specifics |
|
11-13 |
equivalent to low-end adult competence | -
|
9 life forms; 206 generics; 100 specifics; 6 varietals |
|
adult |
4 life forms; 471 generics; 237 specifics; 7 varietals (Berlin 1999) | -
|
10 life forms; 274 generics; 173 specifics; 7 varietals
|
Table 8.2. Summary statistics on individual plant name inventories.
| -
|
LF |
G |
G0 |
G+ |
S |
S0 |
S+ |
V |
TT |
Total |
|
“Omniscient Informant” |
10 |
452 |
341 |
111 |
371 |
363 |
8 |
23 |
717 |
843 |
|
Total Voucher IDs |
12 |
351 |
271 |
80 |
224 |
219 |
5 |
11 |
501 |
614 |
|
Hermilo |
10 |
227 |
169 |
52 |
170 |
164 |
6 |
14 |
353 |
421 |
|
Pedro* |
9 |
274 |
226 |
48 |
173 |
170 |
3 |
7 |
385 |
478 |
|
Cruz family* |
8 |
239 |
203 |
36 |
91 |
89 |
2 |
4 |
296 |
350 |
|
Marielena |
9 |
206 |
155 |
42 |
100 |
97 |
3 |
6 |
258 |
321 |
|
Miguel1 |
9 |
153 |
132 |
21 |
54 |
54 |
0 |
0 |
186 |
233 |
|
Lilia2 |
7 |
112 | -
| -
|
18 | -
| -
|
0 | -
|
137
|
* Voucher specimen identifications only.
1Very partial returns; 2very partial returns, at seven and nine years of age.
LF are life-form taxa; G0 are monotypic generic taxa; G+ are polytypic generic taxa; S0 are monotypic specific taxa; S+ are polytypic specific taxa; V are varietal taxa; TT are terminal taxa.
Table 8.3. Lilia´s plant inventory of 12 September 2000, San Juan Gbëë, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| -
|
Zapotec name |
local uses |
habitat |
Latin name |
|
1
| mòstrânz |
rmêd-á zdòo né |
cǎaní |
Malvaviscus sp. |
|
2
| blâg-saûz |
rmêd-á dzéb-sé |
ró yù
| Sambucus mexicanus! |
|
3
| guìzh-guièe-tînt |
para pintar |
ró yù
| Justicia spicigera! |
|
4
| blâg-guìtsiè |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Salvia tiliaefolia |
|
5
| blâg-wí |
rquià yòob ní |
ró yù
| Buddleia sp. |
|
6
| bǽæl-dòo |
rmêd-á dzéb; gàz né |
ló næ̂z
| Piqueria sp. |
|
7
| guìzh-guièe-nquǐts |
rguìn-d-á |
ló næ̂z |
Asteraceae |
|
8
| yàg-eùcàlîpt |
rmêd-d-ìw [*] |
ló næ̂z
| Eucalyptus globulus^! |
|
9
[ | blâg-grètâyn] |
rquin-á yòob guìc |
ló næ̂z
| Nicotiana glauca^ |
|
10
| guìzh-guièe-dzǐn̲g |
rguìn-d-á |
ló næ̂zx
| Salvia sp. |
|
11
| guìzh-ncuàan-yě |
dôw né, rmêd-d-ìw |
dán
| Crotalaria sp. |
|
12
| yàg-pàraîs |
rquià zdòo né |
cǎaní
| Melia azedarach^! |
|
13
| yàg-yàaz-ngǎs |
rguìn-d-á |
ló næ̂z
| Baccharis heterophylla |
|
14
| yàg-nlìbâd |
[rôw chǐv] |
tì dán
| Leucaena sp.! |
|
15
| guìzh-lbæ̀-bziàa |
rôw chǐv |
ló næ̂zá
| Cologania sp. |
|
16
| yàg-yàaz-ngǎs |
[duplicate] | -
| Baccharis heterophylla |
|
17
| guìzh-mîdz |
pâr rguìn-d-á | -
| Lepidium virginicum |
|
18
| “bejuco” |
[nand náa] | -
| Geranium sp. |
|
19
| guìzh-sêd |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Conyza sp. |
|
20
| guìzh-bèjûc* |
pâr rgal guièe |
ló gòdz | -
|
|
21
| yàg-zéd |
rôw chǐv |
tì dán
| Coreopsis |
|
22
| guìzh-nìt [? 36] |
pâr-né rgal guièe |
Psǽ-yàdòo |
Commelinaceae |
|
23
| guìzh-guièe-tǐl-nguěts |
pâr ló diôs |
ló còrrâl
| Bidens sp. |
|
24
| spènòsî |
rmêd pâr rò |
Psǽ-yàdòo
| Loeselia mexicana |
|
25
| guièe-bgùs |
pâr-né ló mdiò | -
| Zinnia peruviana |
|
26
| guìzh-mîdz [guìzh-yùzh]* |
rguìn-d-á |
ló x-còrrâl nánít
| Chlorophytum comosum^! |
|
27
| guìzh-mòrâd | -
| -
|
Commelinaceae |
|
28
| guìzh-rchug |
rguìn-d-á |
lén-còrrâl |
Crassulaceae ? |
|
29
| guìzh-guièe-yùzh |
pâr ló mdiò |
x-còrrâl nánít |
Crassulaceae |
|
30
| guièe-dán* |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Salvia sp. |
|
31
| guièe-jàrân |
pâr ló mdiò |
nèc
| Pelargonium^! |
|
32
| guièe-dzùu |
pâr-né ròbáa |
dán
| Tagetes lucida |
|
33
| guìzh-bùtôn |
pâr-né rguìn-d-á guièt |
Rócta
| Anoda cristata |
|
34
| xín-gòrdòlôb |
rôw chǐv |
dán
| Gnaphalium sp. |
|
35
| guìzh-gùzh |
pâr rguìn-d-á | -
| Erodium cicutarium |
|
36
| guìzh-nìt [? 22] |
pâr ló mdiò | -
|
Commelinaceae |
|
37
| guièe-měets |
pâr-né rguìn-d-á |
ló næ̂z
| Penstemon campanulatus |
|
38
| blâg-bîdz, yâgá |
rmêd yòob ní |
dán guì
| Dodonaea hispida |
|
39
| guìzh-nàad |
pâr gôw chǐv |
ró næ̂z
| Mentzelia hispida |
|
40
| guièe-bnǐil-nguěts |
pâr rôw bǔrr |
dán
| Simsia amplexicaulis |
|
41
| frôw |
rôw cònêf |
ró næ̂z
| Medicago lupulina^ |
|
42
| guìzh-cònêf |
gôw nguǐd |
dán
| Sonchus sp. |
|
43
| guìzh-mîdz | -
| -
| Polygonum hydropiperoides |
|
44
| guìzh-mèt |
rmêd-á |
dán
| Teloxys ambrosioides |
|
45
| guièe-ncâj |
pâr ló mdiò |
lén còrrâl
| Amni majus^! |
|
46
| blàp, guìzhá |
rmêd-á, blâg rquià zdòo né | -
| Ricinus communis^ |
|
47
| blâg-bnù |
rquià-w guìc né | -
| Ipomoea intrapilosa |
|
48
| nlíd-quiè |
[pâr èmpâch]* | -
| Dalea citriodora |
|
49
| yàg-yàaz[-ngǎs] |
pâr bǔrr gôw | -
| Montanoa pilosa |
|
50
| guìzh-pchǔux |
pâr wguìt né | -
| Lysianthes sp. |
|
51
| guièe-lbæ̀* |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Cuphea aequipetala |
|
52
| guièe-mòrâd |
pâr-né gal guièe | -
| Geranium sp. |
|
53
| guièe-cǒb |
pâr ló mdiò | -
| Tagetes sp. [leaf only] |
|
54
| guìzh-nquǐts |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Galinsoga sp. |
|
55
| yàg-guièe-tùts |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Tecoma stans |
|
56
| guièe-ràbànô |
rguìn-d-á |
lén còrrâl
| Raphanus sativus^! |
|
57
| yàg-màndîm |
rguìn-d-á |
nèc
| Ehretia tinifolia^! |
|
58
| guièe-gàyît |
pâr ló mdiò |
lén còrrâl
| Freesia sp.^! |
|
59
| nànd náa [laùrêl]* |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Asclepias currasavica |
|
60
| [yàg-guìzdòo] |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Casuarina equisetifolia^! |
|
61
| guìzh-guièe-dzùu |
[duplicate] | -
| Tagetes lucida |
|
62
| ârnìcà |
[rmêd-á pâr cânzr]* | -
| Bocconia arborescens |
|
63
| guìzh-ptiôn |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Verbena carolina |
|
64
| gbày |
pâr-né glóob né | -
| Schkuria sp. |
|
65
| guìzh-pàlêt |
rguìn-d-á |
cho quiè ró næ̂z |
? |
|
66
| guìzh-nêld |
rmêd-á pâr zdòo né | -
| Foeniculum vulgare^! |
|
67
| cùlàndrî |
“es aparte” | -
| Coriandrum sativum^! |
|
68
| guìzh-bnǐil |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Spilanthes sp. |
|
69
| guièe-gàyêt* |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Stevia sp. |
|
70
| guìzh-mél |
rguìn-d-á | -
|
Asteraceae [leaf only] |
|
71
| guièe-dâl |
pâr ló mdiò |
ró yù
| Cosmos bipinnatus |
|
72
| guièe-gàyît |
pâr ló mdiò | -
|
Commelinaceae |
|
73
| guìzh-x-có-bè |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Oxalis sp. |
|
74
| guìzh-bdìin |
rmêd-á pâr bdìin né | -
| Eupatorium mairetianum |
|
75
| guìzh-wlàdz |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Portulaca oleracea |
|
76
| yàg-yàaz-nguěts |
rquià zdòo né | -
| Baccharis salicifolius |
|
77
| guìzh-dǐp |
pâr gôw nguǐd | -
|
Poaceae |
|
78
| guìzh-guièe-tǐl-nquǐts
[pâr gôw chǐv] | -
| -
| Bidens pilosa |
|
79
| guìzh-zhàn-biǎa
[rmêd-á pâr nosebleed]* | -
| -
| Oenothera rosea |
|
80
| blâg-sàntêm rmêd-á |
pâr yòob ní |
dán
| Plantago major^ |
|
81
| guièe-rôsà-d-chînà |
rguìn-d-á | -
| Oenothera |
|
82
| guìzh-guièe-dzùu |
[duplicate] | -
| Tagetes lucida [in bud]
|
^ Introduced species.
! Cultivated species.
Table 8.4. Plant trail species by life form, origin, cultivation, and use value.
|
Trees and shrubs (yâg) |
51% |
|
Herbs (guìzh) |
35% |
|
Other life forms |
14% |
|
Native |
65% |
|
Exotic |
35% |
|
Cultivated |
56% |
|
Wild |
44% |
|
Food |
22% |
|
Medicine |
29% |
|
Manufacture |
18% |
|
Ornament |
7% |
|
Plant families represented |
32
|
Table 8.5. Plant trail participants, San Juan Gbëë, 2001-2002.
| Age |
Female |
Male |
Total |
|
7 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
8 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
9 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
|
10 |
8 |
0 |
8 |
|
11 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
|
12 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
14 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
|
Adult |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Total |
22 |
16 |
38
|
Table 8.6. Scores of plant trail interviewees by sex, age, and schooling.
| score |
sex |
age |
school |
year |
|
0.1 |
female |
7 |
2 |
2002 |
|
0.26 |
male |
11 |
5 |
2002 |
|
0.40 |
male |
9 |
3 |
2001 |
|
0.47 |
female |
9 |
4 |
2002 |
|
0.48 |
male |
10 |
4 |
2002 |
|
0.51 |
female |
14 |
5 |
2001 |
|
0.55 |
female |
12 |
6 |
2002 |
|
0.60 |
female |
7 |
1 |
2001 |
|
0.62 |
female |
9 |
2 |
2001 |
|
0.62 |
female |
11 |
6 |
2001 |
|
0.63 |
male |
11 |
5 |
2002 |
|
0.64 |
male |
10 |
4 |
2002 |
|
0.69 |
male |
9 |
3 |
2002 |
|
0.69 |
male |
10 |
5 |
2001 |
|
0.69 |
female |
11 |
6 |
2001 |
|
0.69 |
male |
11 |
6 |
2001 |
|
0.7 |
female |
8 |
2 |
2002 |
|
0.7 |
female |
9 |
2 |
2002 |
|
0.7 |
female |
11 |
6 |
2002 |
|
0.73 |
male |
11 |
4 |
2002 |
|
0.75 |
male |
8 |
2 |
2001 |
|
0.75 |
male |
10 |
4 |
2001 |
|
0.75 |
male |
10 |
2 |
2001 |
|
0.75 |
female |
11 |
6 |
2001 |
|
0.76 |
female |
8 |
4 |
2001 |
|
0.77 |
male |
10 |
4 |
2002 |
|
0.78 |
female |
11 |
5 |
2001 |
|
0.80 |
male |
10 |
5 |
2001 |
|
0.80 |
male |
11 |
6 |
2001 |
|
0.82 |
male |
14 |
9 |
2001 |
|
0.84 |
male |
10 |
5 |
2001 |
|
0.84 |
male |
12 |
6 |
2001 |
|
0.84 |
female |
12 |
8 |
2001 |
|
0.85 |
male |
7 |
2 |
2001 |
|
0.85 |
male |
14 |
7 |
2001 |
|
0.87 |
male |
14 |
7 |
2001 |
|
0.93 |
male |
27 |
0 |
2002 |
|
0.95 |
female |
47 |
4 |
2001
|