Psychology 317-318, 2014

Sunday, June 15, 2014, 9:20 AM

 

Good bye and have a good summer!

 

Final Score statistics: M = 2.53, Md = 2.69, SD = 1.36, range = 0.0 - 4.0.

Final Exam statistics: M = 69, Md = 69, SD = 14, range = 38 - 92.5.

· We have scaled everyone's Final-Exam grade up by a factor of 100/92.5.

Final Exam answers can be downloaded from here and a copy of the Final Exam itself may be downloaded from here.

 

Information below this line is out of date and is preserved for historical purposes only.


A copy of Exam 4 can be downloaded from here.

Radha and Jonathan will be holding a practice session Monday at 1:00 PM in Suzzallo room 328.

Final HW answers can be downloaded from here.

Exam-4 Statistics: mean = 66; median = 65, standard deviation = 16; lowest score = 33; highest score = 99

Exam-4 answers can be downloaded from here.

The Final Exam, which will take place during class time on Tuesday, 6/10/14, will cover lecture material from all lectures during Spring Quarter. It will cover textbook readings from Chapter 10 through Chapter 16.

NOTE: Because you will need to know about frequencies and probabilities in order to do any chi-square problems on the Final Exam, it would be advisable to review the information on probablity and frequencies from Chapters 1 and 2.

Final Homework, due Thursday, 6/5/14 at 12:30 PM

· Please download the Final HW assignment from this Word Document.

· Note that there are problems selected from all of Chapters 10-16.

· The Chapter-16 problems are the ones originally assigned as part of HW4 and are downloadable from the original HW4 spreadsheet.

· Contrary to what it says on the Syllabus, this FHW will be worth 5 (not 2.5) points. Your FHW grade will be added to your Final Exam grade.

Exam 4, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 6/2/14 will cover lecture material from four lectures: those from May 12, 19, 21, and 28. It will cover textbook readings from Chapter 13 pp. 422-424, Chapter 14, and Chapter 15. NOTE: LSD and Scheffe tests will be eligible for inclusion.

Please see here for future job prospects.

Undergraduate TA positions for 2015

I can take a maximum of 4 people as undergraduate TAs for this class next year.

If you will be here for both Winter and Spring quarters of 2015, and you are interested in being an undergraduate TA for this class, please come by and see me. Feel free to call or email me to set up an appointment.

Important things to know are these.

· Class times and the class structure will be the same next year as it is this year.

· Skills for being an undergraduate TA include both understanding the class materials and being able to explain them to others.

· Undergraduate TAs are expected to attend all class lectures, hold their own section, hold 3 hours a week of office hours, grade their section's homework, and help grade exams.

· Although it's a lot of work, being an undergraduate TA has a number of advantages: you learn the materials much better, you develop skill as an instructor, you develop a nice relationship with your fellow TA's and you get a letter of recommendation from me which is useful for your future (plus, at the end of the year, I take everyone out for a celebratory TA dinner).

· Class credit (I believe Psych 497) is available for being an undergraduate TA.

· Please talk to any of the current TAs to get the best sense of what the job is like.

HW4 answers can be downloaded from here.

Readings relevant to Monday, 6/2/14 lecture

· Chapter 16

Please download a handout about chi-square from here.

Because of the Psychology Department Research Festival, Brianna will not be holding office hours this Wednesday, 5/28/14.

For this week only, Radha will be switching her Tuesday/Thursday 12:30 - 2:00 office hours to today from 12:30 - 3:30.

Final version of Homework #4, due Thursday, 5/29/14 at 12:30 PM

Please download HW4 assignment from this Excel workbook. NOTE that there are problems from Chapter 14, 15, and 16, are accessed by tabs at the bottom of the workbook.

· The Chapter-16 problems will not be due; they will be moved to the FHW assignment.

· As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheest, there are changes to some of the problems.

· We strongly urge you to do these problems using Excel. Otherwise, they are going to take you forever.

Homework #4, due Thursday, 5/29/14 at 12:30 PM

· Please download H43 assignment from this Excel workbook. NOTE that there are problems from Chapter 14, 15, and 16, are accessed by tabs at the bottom of the workbook.

· As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheest, there are changes to some of the problems.

· We strongly urge you to do these problems using Excel. Otherwise, they are going to take you forever.

Please download a handout about planned comparisons from here.

Readings relevant to Wednesday, 5/21/14 lecture

· Chapter 15

Please download a handout about confidence intervals around Pearson r's from here.

Please download correlation Excel demonstrations from here (basic) and here (confidence intervals).

Exam-3 Statistics: mean = 77; median = 83, standard deviation = 19; lowest score = 12; highest score = 100

Exam-3 answers can be downloaded from here and a copy of Exam 3 itself may be downloaded from here.

Radha's office hours, tomorrow, Tuesday 5/13/14 only, will be shortened and wil go from 12:30 - 1:30. Her Thursday office hours will be lengthened and will go from 12:30 to 2:30.

Exam 3, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 5/14/14 will cover lecture material from three lectures: those from April 28, May 5, and May 7. It will cover textbook readings from Chapter 12 pp. 385 - end of the chapter and all of Chapter 13 except for pp. 422-424.

HW3 answers can be downloaded from here.

Final version of Homework #3, due Thursday, 5/8/14 at 12:30 PM: NO CHANGES

· Please download HW3 assignment from this Excel workbook. NOTE that there are problems from both Chapter 12 and Chapter 13, accessed by tabs at the bottom of the workbook. The Chapter-12 problems rely on your HW2 answers and should take minimal time.

· As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheest, there are changes to some of the problems.

· We strongly urge you to do these problems using Excel. Otherwise, they are going to take you forever.

Exam-2 Statistics

· First the bad news: Exam-2 grades were very low: M = 56, Md = 61, SD = 18, range = 14 - 85. We are trying to figure out why this happened.

· Anyway, now the better news: the grades were so low that it is appropriate to raise them. As I've very occasionally done in the past, all Exam-2 grades will be raised by a factor of 100/85 or slightly less than 20%. The reasoning is that this will raise the highest grade (currently 85) to 100.

Exam-2 answers can be downloaded from here and a copy of Exam 2 itself may be downloaded from here.

Readings relevant to Monday, 5/5/14 lecture

· Chapter 13

· Spurious correlations

Please download the Chapter-13 Excel Spreadsheet. Note that the coloring scheme is somewhat different from previous spreadsheets.

Homework #3, due Thursday, 5/8/14 at 12:30 PM.

· Please download HW3 assignment from this Excel workbook. NOTE that there are problems from both Chapter 12 and Chapter 13, accessed by tabs at the bottom of the workbook. The Chapter-12 problems rely on your HW2 answers and should take minimal time.

· As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheest, there are changes to some of the problems.

· We strongly urge you to do these problems using Excel. Otherwise, they are going to take you forever.

Brianna's Wednesday office hours, for the week of April 28 only, will switch to Monday from 10:30 - 11:30.

Sandrine's office hours, from now on, will be in the Mary Gates Hall Commons.

Exam 2, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 4/30/14 will cover lecture material from three lectures: those from April 14, 21, and 23. It will cover textbook readings from Chapter 11 pp. 346 - end of the chapter and Chapter 12 through p. 386.

HW2 answers can be downloaded from here.

Please download Chapter-12 Excel Spreadsheets for Two-Way ANOVA and Simple-Effects Analyses.

Final version of Homework #2, due Thursday, 4/24/14 at 12:30 PM. Note that some of the requirements for Chapter-12 problems have been crossed out and will migrate to HW3.

· Please download the final HW2 assignment from this Excel workbook. NOTE that there are problems from both Chapter 11 and Chapter 12, accessed by tabs at the bottom of the workbook. The Chapter-11 problems involve some residual stuff from one-way ANOVA and should not take very long.

· As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheets, there are changes to some of the problems.

· We strongly urge you to do these problems using Excel. Otherwise, they are going to take you forever.

Readings relevant to Wednesday, 4/23/14 lecture

· Chapter 12

Exam-1 Statistics: mean = 82; median = 86, standard deviation = 16; lowest score = 30; highest score = 100

Exam-1 answers can be downloaded from here and a copy of Exam 1 itself may be downloaded from here.

Readings relevant to Monday, 4/21/14 lecture

· Chapter 12

Exam 1, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 4/16/14 will cover lecture material from four lectures: those from March 31, and April 2, 7, and 9. It will cover textbook readings from Chapters 10 and 11 except for materials having to do with Total Sum of Squares (SST) and using an F test to evaluate the homogeneity of variance assumption.

HW1 answers can be downloaded from here. NOTE: there was a small error in the answer to C10 Problem 4, that was corrected today, Friday 4/11/14, at 10:00 AM.

Please download Chapter-11 Excel Spreadsheets for basic ANOVA, logic of testing the null hypothesis, unequal-n's ANOVA, and testing the homogeneity of variance assumption.

Final version Homework #1, due Thursday, 4/10/14 at 12:30 PM.

· Please download HW1 assignment from this Excel workbook. NOTE that there are problems from both Chapter 10 and Chapter 11, accessed by tabs at the bottom of the workbook.

· Parts of some problems have been dropped and will appear on HW 2.

· As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to some of the problems.

· We strongly urge you to do these problems using Excel. Otherwise, they are going to take you forever.

Please re-download these Chapter-10 Excel Spreadsheets (as there was a slight error in one of them) from here and here and here.

Readings relevant to Monday, 4/7/14 lecture

· Chapters 10, 11

Here is stuff to be downloaded for Psychology 318

· Class syllabus It's pretty much the same as it was for Psychology 317 except that there are four rather than five midterm exams. NOTE that the first exam will be on Wednesday, April 16.

· Handout packet

· Textbook errata sheet (same as from Psychology 317, so most of you should already have it)

· Psychology 318 practice exams from 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010. The general organization is the same as it was for the Psychology 317 practice exams.

Section assignments

· Please go to the same section you went to last quarter (note that the TAs and section times are the same as they were last quarter, but the locations are different).

· Please email me if you did not take Psychology 317 last quarter or if there is a serious problem with your assigned section.z

Readings relevant to Monday, 3/31/14 lecture

· Chapter 10

Final Exam Statistics: mean = 69; median = 71, standard deviation = 16; lowest score = 31; highest score = 95

Final Grade Statistics: mean = 3.1; median = 3.4, standard deviation = 1.1; lowest score = 0.6; highest score = 4.6

You can pick up Final answers here and a copy of the Final Exam itself here.

Have a good break! Information about Psychology 318 will be posted here next week.

Bobby will hold additional office hours tomorrow, Monday, 3/17/14, from 12:00 to 2:00 in the Gould coffee shop.

Micah will hold additional office hours tomorrow, Monday, 3/17/14, from 1:30 to 3:30 in the Gould coffee shop.

Radha will hold additional office hours tomorrow, Monday, 3/17/14, starting at 7:00 PM in room Red C in the Allen Research Commons.

The Final Exam, which will take place during class time on Tuesday, 3/18/14, will cover lecture material from all lectures. It will cover textbook readings through p. 297.

Exam-5 Statistics: mean = 81; median = 85, standard deviation = 17; lowest score = 21; highest score = 100

Final HW answers can be downloaded from here.

Radha's office hours today, Thursday, 3/13/14 will shift from 3:00-4:30 to 4:00-5:30.

You can pick up Exam-5 answers here and a copy of Exam 5 itself here.

Exam 5, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 3/12/14 will cover lecture material from lectures given on February 24, March 3, and March 5. It will cover textbook readings from Chapters 7, 8, and 9.

Please download a new set of handouts (that will be used today, 3/10/14 and throughout Psychology 318) from here.

HW5 answers can be downloaded from here.

Final version of FHW: Due Thursday, 3/13/14 at 12:30 PM: unchanged

· Please download FHW assignment from this Excel worksheet.

· NOTE: It would probably be worthwhile to do these Chapter-10 problems prior to Wednesday's Exam 5 Even though Exam 5 will not cover t-test, many aspects of doing these problems will be relevant to the material that is on Exam 5.

Readings for lecture of Monday, 3/10/14: Chapter 10

FINAL VERSION OF Homework #5: Due Thursday, 3/6/14 at 12:30 PM.

· Please download HW5 assignment from this Excel worksheet, but eliminate Chapter-10 problems. As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to most of the problems.

· Some of the Chapter-10 problems from the original HW5 will become part of the Final homework (FHW) that will be assigned by tomorrow.

IMPORTANT CORRECTION TO FHW: Ignore the "homogeneity of variance" instructions at the top. Just compute 95% confidence intervals around sample means.

Homework #5: Due Thursday, 3/6/14 at 12:30 PM.

· Please download HW5 assignment from this Excel worksheet. As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to most of the problems.

Readings for lecture of Monday, 3/3/14: Chapters 7, 8.

Exam-4 Statistics: mean = 77; median = 81, standard deviation = 16; lowest score = 19; highest score = 98

You can pick up Exam-4 answers here and a copy of Exam 4 itself here.

From Micah about the correction for continuity

I got some questions during office hours about corrections for continuity with inclusive and exclusive probabilities.

Always set up the correction for continuity to capture the values you're interested in. For instance if you have p(5 ≤ X ≤ 9), correct for continuity so as to include the values 5 and 9 by subtracting .5 from 5 and adding .5 to 9. You should end up with 4.5 and 9.5 for your X1 and X2, respectively.

If you're asked to calculate strictly more or less than some number, again consider what values you're interested in and correct for continuity so as to capture these values. If you have p(5 < X < 9), then you're interested in all values between 6 and 8, so correct for continuity to capture these values by setting your X1 and X2 to 5.5 and 8.5, respectively.

 

Sandrine's office hours: Sandrine will not be having her usual office hours this Wednesday afternoon, 2/26/14 (3:30 - 5:30). She will resume next week.

Exam 4, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 2/26/14 will cover lecture material from lectures given on February 10, and February 19. It will cover textbook readings from Chapters 5 and 6.

Brianna's office hours: Instead of Monday (today) from 2:00-3:30, Brianna will hold office hours on Tuesday from 3:30-5:00 for this week only. Her regular Wednesday office hours, from 11:30-1:00, will stay the same.

HW4 answers can be downloaded from here.

Readings for lecture of Monday, 2/24/14: Chapter 7.

Final version Homework #4: Due Thursday, 2/20/14 at 12:30 PM. NO CHANGES.

· Please download HW4 assignment from this Excel worksheet. As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to some of the problems.

Exam-3 Statistics: mean = 92; median = 95, standard deviation = 12; lowest score = 31; highest score = 100

You can pick up Exam-3 answers here and a copy of Exam 3 itself here.

Readings for lecture of Wednesday, 2/19/14: Chapter 6.

A recent spam message I received read as follows:

"Will You Be KILLED By Your Heart Attack?

There is a good chance the heart attack you have will be FATAL!

1 in 3 people will die of heart disease, so the odds are against you."

Is this good reasoning?

Readings for lecture of Monday, 2/10/14: Chapters 5, 6.

Exam 3, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 2/12/14 will cover lecture material from lectures given on January 27, February 3, and February 5. It will cover textbook readings from Chapters 3 and 4, along with Appendix C.

HW3 answers can be downloaded from here.

FINAL version of Homework #3 due Thursday, 2/6/14 at 12:30 PM: as assigned except...

· Chapter 3, Problem 5: Eliminate doing problems 3, 5, and 8 from Chapter 2

· Eliminate Chapter-5 problems. They will become part of HW4.

Homework #3: Due Thursday, 2/6/14 at 12:30 PM.

· Please download HW3 assignment from this Excel worksheet. As with previous HW assignments, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to some of the problems.

Exam-2 Statistics: mean = 85; median = 89, standard deviation = 12; lowest score = 45; highest score = 100

You can pick up Exam 2 answers here and a copy of Exam 2 itself here.

Readings for lecture of Monday, 2/3/14: Chapter 3, Appendix C.

Error on HW2 answer sheet: Chapter 1, Problem 10l should be 0.333, not 0.500. Sorry.

Here is something that Dale has provided. It's an alternate (more complete, more formal, and generally better) way of understanding the last HW2 problem.

Here are some mathematical justifications to the Monty Hall solution that some might find easier to understand:

p(B) = 1/3; the chance of the prize being door B

p(~B) = p(A U C) = 2/3 via complement rule

p(A U C) = p(A) + p(C) via addition rule

When door A opens it reveals that p(A) = 0

if p(A) + p(C) = 2/3 and p(A) = 0; it leaves p(C) = 2/3

In the end, with all the information:

p(A) = 0
p(B) = 1/3; staying
p(C) = 2/3; switching

Thus, you should always switch.

HW2 answers can be downloaded from here.

· NOTE: There are two worksheets in this workbook: one for Chapter-1 problems, and one for Chapter-2 problems. You can access them by clicking on the tabs at the bottom of the worksheets.

· NOTE: For some of the HW answers you can see the underlying Excel formulas by clicking on the relevant cell. For other answers, you do not see the formulas; you only see the values. This represents our compromise between the conflicting goals of (a) wanting you to be able to see how the answers are computed in Excel, but (b) not wanting this year's answer sheets to be easily useable prior to when the same homework assignment is due in future years.

Some additional optional reading

· Some time ago, I began to write an update to the text that you are using. I haven't gotten very far, but I did write versions of Chapters 1 and 2. They overlap quite a bit both with lecture and with the text that you're using. But they do have some new information and it may be worth your while to read them.

· You can download Chapter 1 here and Chapter 2 here.

· If you detect any errors (which is quite likely) or in general if you have any comments, I'd be very pleased if you emailed them to me. Thanks.

Exam 2, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 1/29/14 will cover lecture material from lectures given on January 13 and 22. It will cover textbook readings from p. 39 through the end of Chapter 2, along with Appendix A.

Readings for lecture of Monday, 1/27/14: Chapter 3, Appendixes A-B

FINAL version of Homework #2 due Thursday, 1/23/14 at 12:30 PM: No changes; do all problems originally assigned from this worksheet

Exam-1 Statistics: mean = 78; median = 81, standard deviation = 16; lowest score = 9.5; highest score = 97. 1

Readings for lecture of Wednesday, 1/22/14: Chapter 2

You can pick up Exam 1 answers here and a copy of Exam 1 itself here.

People in Dale's section (AC), please take note! Dale's section room is now Savory 139.

Homework #2: Due Thursday, 1/23/14 at 12:30 PM.

· Please download HW2 assignment from this Excel worksheet. As with HW1, the problems are mostly from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to some of the problems.

Brianna's office hours

· Brianna will have her office hours Mondays 2-3:30 pm and Wednesdays 11:30-1:00 pm in the Gould coffee shop. She can be reached at bri52390@gmail.com.

Updated section assignments, as of 1/9/14, are posted here.

REMINDER about practice exams

· As indicated on the syllabus, the first exam will be given during class time on Wednesday, 1/15/14, and exams will be given every two weeks thereafter through 3/12/14. To practice for exams, you can download previous exams from from 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010.

· Note that the folder of exams for a given year contains the exams themselves (as Word documents) plus one "Exam Answers" Excel workbook. Please note: in the "Exam Answers" workbook, the answers to the individual exams are individual worksheets within the workbook that can be accessed by clicking the tabs at the bottom left.

· Please note also that different exams may have covered different materials in different years. It is up to you to figure out which material on any given practice exam is relevant to the exams this year.

Exam 1, which will take place during class time on Wednesday, 1/15/14 will cover lecture material from lectures given on January 6 and 8. It will cover textbook readings through p. 39 of the text.

More on Sandrine's office hours

· Starting next week, i.e., the week of January 13, Sandrine will hold her office hours in Mary Gates Hall, first floor Commons.

TA Office hour changes from syllabus

· Sandrine's office hours will be: Wednesdays, 12:30-1:20 and 3:30 - 5:30

· Radha's office hours will be: Mondays and Thursdays, 3:00-4:20

HW1 answers can be downloaded from here.

· NOTE: For some of the HW answers you can see the underlying Excel formulas by clicking on the relevant cell. For other answers, you do not see the formulas; you only see the values. This represents our compromise between the conflicting goals of (a) wanting you to be able to see how the answers are computed in Excel, but (b) not wanting this year's answer sheets to be easily useable prior to when the same homework assignment is due in future years.

Change in graduate TA

· Brianna Yamasaki has replaced Liz Bird as graduate TA. This will mainly affect students in Liz's section, who will now be students in Brianna's section. I will update the web site soon to provide Brianna's email address and her office hours.

Change in Bobby's office hours for next week only

· On Tuesday, January 14 Bobby will switch his office hours to 3:30 - 4:50.

FINAL version of Homework #1: Due Thursday, 1/9/14 at 12:30 PM

· You can download the final version of the HW1 assignment from this Excel workbook. Note that two problems (5 and 8) have been added, but quite a few have been subtracted

· You can turn in your HW in any way you like to your TA. By default, please turn it in to the "Psychology 317" mailbox in the Guthrie mail room (G128). The mailbox is labeled in orange on the right back wall, facing you, as you enter the mailroom. Within the mailbox are manila envelopes with the names of the TAs. Please place your homework in your TA's envelope.

Greetings!

This site contains information that will be relevant to Psychology 317-318 during Winter and Spring Quarters of 2014 (readings, homework, etc). Please bookmark it and check it at least once per day. Newest information will be at the top of the page, and all information will be retained throughout both Winter and Spring quarters.

Should you like to see what happens during the entire 317-318 course, you can access last year's web site here. Note that most of the links will not work, but you can still get an overview of what the course is like.

Emailing questions to me (gloftus@u.washington.edu)

I'd like you to be circumspect in emailing questions to me. If you have a question that needs an urgent answer, then phone me, stop by, or email me. However, if the question can be answered by a TA, then please direct it to your TA or any TA. If the question can wait, ask someone during office hours, or raise the question in section or in class. Thanks.

About Excel

This class will be highly Excel-based in that HW assignments, HW answer sheets, and Exam answer sheets will all be posted in the form of Excel workbooks. It is very, very strongly to your advantage to become proficient in Excel. Knowing Excel will allow you, for example, to do your HW assignments faster by at least a factor of 3. It is possible to do well in the course without learning Excel, but it will be considerably more difficult than if you do learn Excel.

Please download these documents. Bring printed versions to the first day of class.

· Class syllabus: Please read carefully before coming to the first class lecture.

· Handout packet: I will constantly be referring to these handouts in lectures.

· Textbook errata sheet: Be sure to go through the text and actually implement the errata or you will be confused down the road.

Readings relevant to lectures to be given 1/6/14 and 1/8/14

· Preface, Introduction, Chapter 1

Homework #1: Due Thursday, 1/9/13 at 12:30 PM. That's right; HW1 is due the first Thursday of the quarter!

· Please download HW1 assignment from this Excel worksheet. Note that mostly the problems are from the text but, as specified on the worksheet, there are changes to some of the problems.

· Note that HW1 is designed to cover only material that I will have covered in class through the lecture on Wednesday, 1/8/14. Because I will not know exactly what this material will be until class ends on Wednesday, there may be some adjustments to the assignment, which I will post very soon after class on Wednesday.

· This adjustment process will be true of all HW assignments. In general, I try to err on the side of initially assigning more rather than fewer problem on a given HW assignment. This means that any Wednesday after-class adjustments usually entail dropping problems. Dropped problems on any given HW assignment will show up as problems on the subsequent HW assignment.

NOTE: Although you should all have texts by this time, for your convenience, pdf's of all HW problems in the book can be accessed and downloaded from here.

· As indicated on the syllabus, the first exam will be given during class time on Wednesday, 1/15/14, and exams will be given every two weeks thereafter through 3/12/14. To practice for exams, you can download previous exams from from 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010.

· Note that the folder of exams for a given year contains the exams themselves (as Word documents) plus one "Exam Answers" Excel workbook. Please note: in the "Exam Answers" workbook, the answers to the individual exams are individual worksheets within the workbook that can be accessed by clicking the tabs at the bottom left.

· Please note also that different exams may have covered different materials in different years. It is up to you to figure out which material on any given practice exam is relevant to the exams this year.