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SMA 500, Autumn 2004
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Unit 3. Living Marine Resources and Their Management |
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UNIT 3. LIVING MARINE RESOURCES
AND THEIR MANAGEMENT Overview This field has changed
dramatically in recent years.
The management of individual commercial stocks of fish used to
dominate the field. Today,
considerable attention is being given to the management of mixed stocks, the
effect of harvests on ecosystems, the interaction of the fisheries with
mammals and seabirds, the reduction of by-catch, the protection of habitat,
the development of aquaculture, the maintenance of biodiversity, and the
linkage of fisheries with coastal zone management. Fisheries management institutions are adjusting as best
they can to these new trends, and are building links with other ocean
managers to achieve broader goals.
Required Reading Weber, Michael L., 2002. From
Abundance to Scarcity: A History of U.S. Marine Fisheries Policy. This book sheds light on the
interests that have shaped U.S. fisheries policy, lending historical depth to
current debates and providing a fuller understanding of current laws and
regulations, and administrative structures and mechanisms. Your aim should be to read this
entire book by the end of the class.
Chapters 1-5 address the period of perceived abundance of marine
resources, and how policy development consistently favored exploitation. Chapters 6-10 and the conclusion deal
with the current era, where the importance accorded to scientific uncertainty
in management decisions has increased, but where the overall direction of
policy remains highly uncertain.
The book is as useful for understanding how policy is made as it is
for understanding contemporary policy issues affecting U.S. marine fisheries.
Strongly Suggested Readings: (At
this point in the class it would be good to familiarize yourself with both
the Pew Report and Chapter 19 of the USCOP report. It is suggested that you
skim them both for key points and themes) Pew Oceans Commission, 2003. America's Living Oceans. A Report to the Nation. (Arlington,
Va.) Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org./ The Pew report focuses exclusively
on living marine resources, and in that sense is less comprehensive than the
report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. But it looks in an integrative
way at all the forces acting to adversely affect these resources. (You will discover that it is also
somewhat controversial in the linkages it makes between some human activities
and perceived resource declines.)
At a minimum, you should read the Summary Report and Part Two of the
main report, "A Public Good at Risk". By the end of the class, you will want to have also read
Part Three, "Detailed Recommendations". The Pew Commission also generated a number of topical "science
reports" that provide overviews spanning the gamut of activities that
affect the status of marine living resources. All are available online. Paper copies of the Pew Report contain CD-ROMs of all the
Commission's published studies. Chapter 19 of the USCOP Final
Report, “Achieving Sustainable Fisheries”. Available online at
www.oceancommission.gov/documents/prepub_report/welcome.html#final. Take a look at this chapter of the
USCOP report and compare with the approach taken by the Pew Oceans
Commission. Guest Speakers Dan Huppert, Associate Professor,
School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, and Adjunct Associate
Professor, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and Department of
Economics. Professor Huppert
specializes in the economics of fisheries management and natural resource
economics. He has been actively
involved in organizing PNCERS events, sat on the Committee reviewing the
Alaskan Native Community Development Quota Program during 1996-97, and was a
member of the Scientific and Statistical Committee of the NPFMC from
1990-1994. Before joining
SMA, he was an industrial economist at the National Marine Fisheries Service
in La Jolla, Ca. Vlad Kaczynski, Associate
Professor, University of Washington, School of Marine Affairs, Adjunct
Associate Professor, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies. Specialties include fishery
economics, economic policy, and management aspects of world fisheries,
international cooperation in marine sector, Russian and east European Ocean
affairs, economic aspects of international fisheries policy and sustained
development, and management of aquatic resources in developing countries. Terrie Klinger, Assistant
Professor, University of Washington, School of Marine Affairs. Marine biologist with expertise in
intertidal and nearshore community ecology. Education: M.Sc., 1984, Botany,
University of British Columbia; Ph.D., 1989, Biological Oceanography, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography.
Specialties: Application of genetic, population, and ecosystem-based
studies to marine environmental decision-making; marine conservation biology,
especially the design and implementation of marine protected areas. Dave Fluharty, Associate
Professor, School of Marine Affairs and until recently, member of the North
Pacific Fishery Management Council.
Specialties include: Natural resource policy; climate variability and
fishery management; international management of fisheries and marine mammals;
nonrenewable (oil, gas, minerals) natural resource management; training
programs for natural resource managers from developing countries; management
institutions. Douglas DeMaster, Affiliate
Associate Professor, School of Marine Affairs, and Director NOAA-NMFS Western
Regional Fisheries Science Center in Seattle. He was formerly director of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory
and is Vice-Chair for the International Whaling Commission; President of the
Society for Marine Mammalogy.
Specialties include marine resource management, conservation biology,
and marine mammal population dynamics. Suggested General Reading Carey, Richard Adams, 1999.
Against the Tide: The Fate of the New England Fisherman. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin
Company. Greenlaw, Linda, 1999. The Hungry Ocean: A Sword Boat
Captain’s Journey. New York: Hyperion. Kurlansky, Mark, 1997. Cod: A
Biography of the Fish that Changed the World. New York: Walker and Company. Pauly, Daniel and Jay Maclean,
2003. In a Perfect Ocean. The State of Fisheries and Ecosystems
in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Washington: Island Press. Safina, Carl, 1997. Song for the
Blue Ocean. New York: Henry Holt and Co., Inc. Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO), 2000. The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture: 2000. Rome:
FAO of the United Nations.
Available online at http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X8002E/X8002E00.htm
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