publications
  
 
  Harrod, R. J., and C. B. Halpern. In press. Effects of experimental burning on individual performance and population structure      of two rare plants of northcentral Washington. Restoration Ecology.  
  Six, L. J., and C. B. Halpern. In press. Substrate effects on distribution, biomass allocation and morphology of forest      understory plants. Botany.  
  Nelson, C. R., C. B. Halpern, and J. K. Agee. 2008. Thinning and burning result in limited invasion of nonnative plants
     but neutral effects on natives. Ecological Applications 18:762-770.(.pdf) 		 
  Jones, C. C., C. B. Halpern, and J. Niederer. 2008. Plant succession on gopher mounds in western Cascade meadows:      consequences for species diversity and heterogeneity. American Midland Naturalist 159:275-286:  
  Halaj, J., C. B. Halpern, and H. Yi. 2008. Responses of litter-dwelling spiders and carabid beetles to varying levels and      patterns of green-tree retention. Forest Ecology and Management 255:887-900.  
  Gitzen, R. A., S. D. West, C. C. Maguire, T. Manning, and C. B. Halpern. 2007. Response of small mammals to varying      amounts and patterns of green-tree retention. Forest Ecology and Management 251:142-155.  
  Haugo, R. D., and C. B. Halpern. 2007. Vegetation responses to conifer encroachment in a dry, montane meadow: a      chronosequence approach. Canadian Journal of Botany 85:285-298. (.pdf)  
  Heithecker, T. D., and C. B. Halpern. 2007. Edge-related gradients in microclimate in forest aggregates following structural      retention harvests in western Washington. Forest Ecology and Management 248:163-173. (.pdf)  
  Lang, N. L., and C. B. Halpern. 2007. The soil seed bank of a montane meadow: consequences of conifer encroachment      and implications for restoration. Canadian Journal of Botany 85:557-569. (.pdf)  
  Maguire, D. A., C. B. Halpern, and D. L. Phillips. 2007. Changes in forest structure following variable-retention harvests:      target and non-target effects. Forest Ecology and Management 242:708-726.  
  Nelson, C. R., C. B. Halpern, and J. A. Antos. 2007. Variation in responses of late-seral herbs to disturbance and      environmental stress. Ecology 88:2880-2890. (.pdf)  
 

Dovciak, M., C. B. Halpern, J. F. Saracco, S. A. Evans, and D. A. Liguori. 2006. Persistence of ground-layer bryophytes      in a structural-retention experiment: initial effects of level and pattern of retention. Canadian Journal of Forest Research      36:3039-3052. (.pdf)

 
  Heithecker, T. D., and C. B. Halpern. 2006. Variation in microclimate associated with dispersed-retention harvests in
     coniferous forests of western Washington. Forest Ecology and Management 226:60-71. (.pdf)		  
 

Lutz, J. A., and C. B. Halpern. 2006. Tree mortality during early forest development: a long-term study of rates, causes,
     and consequences. Ecological Monographs 76:257-275. (.pdf)

  
  Maguire, D. A., D. B. Mainwaring, and C. B. Halpern. 2006. Stand dynamics after variable-retention harvesting in mature
      Douglas-fir forests of western North America. Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung 177:120-131. (.pdf)		  
  Halpern, C. B., D. McKenzie, S. A. Evans, and D. A. Maguire. 2005. Early responses of forest understories to varying      levels and patterns of green-tree retention. Ecological Applications 15:175-195. (.pdf)  
  Harrod, R. J., and C. B. Halpern. 2005. Effects of experimental shading and removal of competitors on vegetative and      reproductive performance of Trifolium thompsonii Morton, a rare endemic herb of eastern Washington. Natural Areas      Journal 25:156-164.
  
  Harrod, R. J., and C. B. Halpern. 2005. The seed ecology of Iliamna longisepala (Torr.) Wiggins, an east Cascade endemic.      Natural Areas Journal 25:246-256.  
  Nelson, C. R., and C. B. Halpern. 2005. Edge-related responses of understory species to aggregated retention harvest in the      Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 15:196-209. (.pdf)  
  Nelson, C. R., and C. B. Halpern. 2005. Short-term effects of timber harvest and forest edges on ground-layer mosses and      liverworts. Canadian Journal of Botany 83:610-620. (.pdf)  
  Aubry, K.B., C.B. Halpern, and D.A. Maguire. 2004. Ecological effects of variable-retention harvests in the northwestern     United States: the DEMO study. Forest Snow and Landscape Research 78:119-134. (.pdf)  
  Antos, J. A., C. B. Halpern, R. E. Miller, K. Cromack, Jr., and M. G. Halaj. 2003. Temporal and spatial changes in soil
    carbon and nitrogent after clearcutting and burning of an old-growth Douglas-fir forest. USDA Forest Service Research
    Paper PNW-RP-552. (.pdf)		  
  Moore, J. R., D. A. Maguire, D. L. Phillips, and C. B. Halpern. 2002. Effects of varying levels and patterns of green-tree     retention on amount of harvesting damage. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17:202–206.  
  Acker, S. A., C. B. Halpern, M. E. Harmon, and C. T. Dyrness. 2002. Trends in bole biomass accumulation, net primary     production, and tree mortality in Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of contrasting age. Tree Physiology 22:213-217.  
  Halpern, C.B., and D. McKenzie. 2001. Disturbance and post-harvest ground conditions in a structural retention experiment.     Forest Ecology and Management 154:215-225.  
  Lezberg, A. L., C. B. Halpern, and J. A. Antos. 2001. Clonal development of Maianthemum dilatatum in forests of differing     age and structure. Canadian Journal of Botany 79:1028-1038. (.pdf)  
  Thomas, S. C., D. A. Liguori, and C. B. Halpern. 2001. Corticolous bryophytes in managed Douglas-fir forests: habitat     differentiation and responses to thinning and fertilization. Canadian Journal of Botany 79:886-896. (.pdf)  
  Beach, E. W., and C. B. Halpern. 2001. Controls on conifer regeneration in managed riparian forests: effects of seed source,     substrate, and vegetation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:471-482. (.pdf)  
 
McKenzie, D., C. B. Halpern, and C. R. Nelson. 2000. Overstory influences on herb and shrub communities in mature forests     of western Washington, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30:1655-1666. (.pdf)
 
  Aubry, K. B., M. P. Amaranthus, C. B. Halpern, J. D. White, B. L. Woodard, C. E. Peterson, C. A. Lagoudakis, and A. J.      Horton. 1999. Experimental design of the DEMO project: A study of varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention in      harvest units in Oregon and Washington. Northwest Science 73 (Special Issue):12-26. (.pdf)  
  Franklin, J. F., and C. B. Halpern. 1999. Pacific Northwest Forests. Pages 123-159 in M. G. Barbour and W. D. Billings     (editors). North American Terrestrial Vegetation (second edition). Cambridge University Press, New York.  
  Halpern, C. B., and M. G. Raphael, editors. 1999. Special issue on retention harvests in Northwestern forest ecosystems:     The Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study. Northwest Science 73 (Special Issue):1-2.
  Halpern, C. B., S. A. Evans, C. R. Nelson, D. McKenzie, D. A. Liguori, D. E. Hibbs, and M. G. Halaj. 1999. Response of     forest vegetation to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention: An overview of a long-term experiment. Northwest     Science 73 (Special Issue):27-44. (.pdf)
  Halpern, C. B., S. A. Evans, and S. Nielson. 1999. Soil seed banks in young, closed-canopy forests of the Olympic Peninsula,     Washington: Potential contributions to understory reinitiation. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:922-935. (.pdf)
  Lezberg, A. L., J. A. Antos, and C. B. Halpern. 1999. Below-ground traits of herbaceous species in young, coniferous forests     of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany 77: 936-943. (.pdf)
  McKenzie, D., and C. B. Halpern. 1999. Modeling the distributions of shrub species in Pacific Northwest forests. Forest     Ecology and Management 114:293-307.
  Thomas, S. C., C. B. Halpern, D. A. Falk, D. A. Liguori, and K. A. Austin. 1999. Plant diversity in managed forests:     understory responses to thinning and fertilization. Ecological Applications 9:864-879. (.pdf)
  Miller, E. A., and C. B. Halpern. 1998. Effects of environment and grazing disturbance on tree establishment in meadows of     the western Cascade Range, Oregon, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 9:265-282.(.pdf)
  Antos, J. A., and C. B. Halpern. 1997. Root system differences among species: implications for early successional changes in     forests of western Oregon. American Midland Naturalist 138:97-108.
  Halpern, C. B., J. A. Antos, M. A. Geyer, and A. M. Olson. 1997. Species replacement during early secondary succession:     the abrupt decline of winter annual. Ecology 78:621-631. (.pdf)
  Halpern, C. B., E. A. Miller, and M. A. Geyer. 1996. Equations for predicting above-ground biomass of plant species in     early successional forests of the western Cascade Range, Oregon. Northwest Science 70:306-320. (.pdf)
  Halpern, C. B., and T. A. Spies. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest.     Ecological Applications 5:913-934. (.pdf)
  Busing, R. T., C. B. Halpern, and T. A. Spies. 1995. Ecology of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) in western Oregon and     Washington. Conservation Biology 9:1199-1207.  
  Urban, D. L., M. E. Harmon, and C. B. Halpern. 1993. Potential response of Pacific Northwestern forests to climatic change,     effects of stand age and initial composition. Climatic Change 23: 247-266.  
  Halpern, C. B., J. A. Antos, K. Cromack, Jr., and A. M. Olson. 1992. Species' interactions and plant diversity during     secondary succession. The Northwest Environmental Journal 8:203-205.  
  Halpern, C. B., J. F. Franklin, and A. McKee. 1992. Changes in plant species diversity after harvest of Douglas-fir forests.     The Northwest Environmental Journal 8:205-207.  
  Taylor, A. H., and C. B. Halpern. 1991. The structure and dynamics of red fir (Abies magnifica) forests, southern Cascade     Range, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 2:189-200.  
  Halpern, C. B., and J. F. Franklin. 1990. Physiognomic development of Pseudotsuga forests in relation to initial structure and     disturbance intensity. Journal of Vegetation Science 1:475-482.  
  Halpern, C. B., P. M. Frenzen, J. E. Means, and J. F. Franklin. 1990. Plant succession in areas of scorched and blown-      down forest after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Journal of Vegetation Science 1:181-194.  
  Halpern, C. B. 1989. Early successional patterns of forest species: interactions of life history traits and disturbance. Ecology     70:704-720. (.pdf)  
  Halpern, C. B. 1988. Early successional pathways and the resistance and resilience of forest communities. Ecology 69:1703-      1715. (.pdf)  
  Halpern, C. B. 1986. Montane meadow plant associations of Sequoia National Park, California. Madroño 33:1-23.  
  Halpern, C. B., B. G. Smith, and J. F. Franklin. 1984. Composition, structure, and distribution of the ecosystems of the Three
     Sisters Biosphere Reserve/Wilderness Area. A Final Report to the United States Department of Agriculture. (.pdf file)		  
  Halpern, C. B., and M. E. Harmon. 1983. Early plant succession on the Muddy River Mudflow, Mount St. Helens,      Washington. American Midland Naturalist 110:97-106.