All three tentaculate ctenophores above have been called "Pleurobrachia bachei " at one time or another.
They are (left to right): Pleurobrachia bachei, Euplokamis dunlapae, and Hormiphora sp., all from Friday Harbor, Washington, USA. Photographic image copyright 1998 Claudia E. Mills.

The suggested citation for this work is listed below:

Mills, C.E. Internet 1998-present. Phylum Ctenophora: list of all valid species names. Electronic internet document available at http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/Ctenolist.html. Published by the author, web page established March 1998, last updated (see date at end of page).

Because the scientific literature on the Ctenophora is widely dispersed and much of it is difficult to locate, I have compiled here a list of all classes, orders, families, genera and species of ctenophores that seem to be in use at the present time. This list is the result of an extensive search of the literature, combined with a little independent thinking. The phylogenetic order used in this list is derived primarily from the morphological work of Richard Harbison (1984, 1996) and Harbison and Madin (1982). There is little question that some of the species listed are the same as others, but in most cases, no author has dealt with the problem species in the peer-reviewed, published literature, so the redundant names are still "current" and valid.

Recent work by Steve Haddock and others using molecular genetic techniques to study relationships between ctenophore species has shown that the present phylogenetic framework on which we hang the names of known ctenophore species needs to be radically revised. Until that is done, however, the list here is what is available and in use.

Below I list nearly 200 species names that seem to be valid today. I have included only some of the additional 50 or so now-synonomized old names ("nominal") no longer in use (I just never completed the job), in parentheses on the line following the presently-accepted name. There must be many other synonyms in this list of valid names (the genus Beroe, for instance, has many names that might ultimately be synonomized in future studies, but that may be a very distant future for lack of study). I suspect that there are actually 100-150 good species of described ctenophores, of which 30-35 (the platyctenids) are benthic in habitat. There are probably at least 25 more known, but undescribed, ctenophores, many of them in the deep-sea -- stay tuned for descriptions of most of these eventually. A number of other lists of ctenophores, many of which seem to derive from this one, can be found elsewhere on the web; I do not claim to be the only authority determining which names are presently in use for the Ctenophora. One of the purposes of this page is to give accurate access to the spelling, as well as the describing author and date, for each species name.

I was recently asked how many species of ctenophores might still be out there, undiscovered. I estimate that we may now know about half of the ctenophores in the sea. Use of deep-sea submersibles and ROVs have greatly extended our view into the oceans in the last three decades, and with this has already come the discovery of more than 25 new deep-sea species. C.N. Dawydoff spent five years in Vietnam and subsequently published descriptions of 23 new species (all listed below) from those waters, between 1929 and 1946. Dawydoff's species haven't been studied since, and surely there are many similarly unexplored corners of the world's oceans. Claude and Danielle Carré discovered four new ctenophore species in the well-studied surface waters off southeastern France during the 1980s and 1990s in the course of careers spent studying planktonic animals there.

Note that genus and species names are always written in italics. If the author and date following a species name are within parentheses, that is the taxonomists' code for indicating that the species has been moved from the genus in which it was originally described; author and date not in parentheses indicates that the genus has not changed from the original description. (I am not making this format up - it is strictly formalized and governed by an international body of taxonomists.)

This list has taken me several years to put together and I would really appreciate it if you cite it as an electronic publication if you use it in your studies (suggested citation above). The list is an ongoing work and is subject to modification at any time. I consider it my intellectual property and do not want to find it dumped wholesale onto someone else's web page - links to it are fine. I welcome any additions or corrections that anyone may wish to make - please contact me at the above address. In order to be true to its in-progress nature, I have left my personal shorthand in the electronic manuscript, so any entry preceeded by . means that I have not yet been able to check the original citation for accuracy. Although I have chosen to put this list of species names and authors on the web, it will be noted that I have not included the bibliography from which it derives on the web at this time.

I have included links to ctenophore images located elsewhere on the web. In the event that there is more than one good image of the same species, I have linked the best one or two, whose identification I am sure about, for you. In a few cases, I have linked images to species that I do not know well, so the identifications could be wrong, and I wouldn't know - such links are clearly labeled. Any additions to these photograph links are welcome - please let me know. Be aware that many ctenophore photographs on the web are misidentified.

Phylum CTENOPHORA Eschscholtz, 1829

Class Tentaculata Eschscholtz, 1825

Class/Subclass Typhlocoela Ospovat, 1985

Order Cydippida Gegenbaur, 1856 (or Lesson, 1843?)

Family Haeckeliidae Krumbach, 1925

Haeckelia Carus, 1863

beehleri (Mayer, 1912)

bimaculata C. Carré and D. Carré, 1989 - image contains B. beehleri, B. rubra, and B. bimaculata

filigera (Chun, 1880)

(= Euchlora filigera Chun, 1880)

rubra (Kölliker, 1853)

(= Euchlora rubra (Kölliker, 1853))

Family Ctenellidae C. Carré and D. Carré, 1993

Ctenella C. Carré and D. Carré, 1993

aurantia C. Carré and D. Carré, 1993

Family Bathyctenidae Mortensen, 1932

Bathyctena Mortensen, 1932

chuni (Moser, 1909)

latipharyngea (Dawydoff, 1946)

sp. of Lindsay and Hunt, 2005

Family Aulacoctenidae Lindsay and Miyake, 2007

Aulacoctena Mortensen, 1932

acuminata Mortensen, 1932

Family Lampeidae Krumbach, 1925

Lampea Stechow, 1921

. elongata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)

fusiformis (A. Agassiz and Mayer, 1902)

komai (Dawydoff, 1937)

lactea (Mayer, 1912)

pancerina (Chun, 1879) - another image showing this species eating a salp chain

(= Lampetia pancerina Chun, 1880)

(= Gastrodes parasiticum Korotneff, 1888)

Family Pleurobrachiidae Chun, 1880

Ceroctena C. Carré and D. Carré, 1991

bicornis C. Carré and D. Carré, 1991

Hormiphora L. Agassiz, 1860 (see also the illustration at the top of this web page)

californensis (Torrey, 1904)

cilensis (Ghigi, 1909) (may = californensis above (Mills 1987))

cucumis (Mertens, 1833)

(= Janira cucumis (by Agassiz 1860 and Agassiz 1865))

(= Euplokamis cucumis (by Torrey, 1904))

elliptica (Eschscholtz, 1829)

. hormiphora (Gegenbaur, 1856)

"coeca" (= Hormiphora coeca Stanford, 1931, a nomen nudem)

labialis Ghigi, 1909

luminosa Dawydoff, 1946

ochracea (A. Agassiz and Mayer, 1902)

octoptera (Mertens, 1833)

palmata Chun, 1898

(= Hormiphora amboinae Moser, 1907 by Bigelow, 1912)

(= Hormiphora fusiformis Agassiz and Mayer, 1902 by Bigelow 1912)

(= Hormiphora japonica Moser, 1907 by Bigelow, 1912)

piriformis Ghigi, 1909

plumosa L. Agassiz, 1860 or is it this? - I'll have to check (they are not the same)

(= Cydippe hormiphora Gegenbaur, 1856)

(= Cydippe plumosa M. Sars, 1859)

(= Cydippe densa Spagnolini, 1870)

polytrocha Dawydoff, 1946

punctata Moser, 1909

. sibogae Moser, 1903

spatulata Chun, 1898 (= P. brunnea by Bigelow, 1912)

Minictena C. Carré and D. Carré, 1993

luteola C. Carré and D. Carré, 1993

Moseria Ghigi, 1909 (likely absorbed by Pleurobrachia and Hormiphora)

This genus as established included M. australis (Benham), M. pigmentata (Moser) and M. striata (Moser). These assignments do not seem to be in current use, but Ghigi's' 1909 paper is not widely known. Moseria is also in use as a siphonophore genus name.

Pleurobrachia Fleming, 1822

. arctica Wagner, 1885 (in Moser)

australis (Benham, 1907) - moved to genus Pleurobrachia by Ralph (1950)

bachei A. Agassiz, 1860 (see another illustration at the top of this web page)

brunnea Mayer, 1912

. cyanea (Chun, 1889) = Tinerfe? - see below

. globosa Moser, 1903

var. ceylonensis Browne, 1905

var. bengalensis Annandale and Kemp, 1915

pigmentata Moser, 1903

pileus (O. F. Müller, 1776)

(= rhododactyla L. Agassiz, 1860 by Mayer, 1912 and by Bigelow, 1912)

rhodopis Chun, 1879

striata Moser, 1907

Sabaudia Ghigi, 1909

liguriae Ghigi, 1909

Tinerfe Chun, 1898

cyanea (Chun, 1889)

Family Pukiidae Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

Pukia Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

falcata Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

Family Euplokamididae Mills, 1987 ( = Euplokamidae, changed in agreement with Cairns et al., 2002)

Euplokamis Chun, 1879

crinita (Moser, 1909)

dunlapae Mills, 1987 (see another more detailed illustration at the top of this web page)

evansae Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010 - the tentacles of this species do not seem to justify its inclusion in Euplokamis (C.E.M.)

helicoides (Ralph and Kaberry, 1950)

octoptera (Mertens, 1833) - likely to be Mertensia ovum

stationis Chun, 1879

Family Cryptocodidae Leloup, 1938

Cryptocoda Leloup, 1938

gerlachi Leloup, 1938

Family Mertensiidae L. Agassiz, 1860

Callianira Péron and Lesueur, 1808

antarctica Chun, 1897 - see more images on the sidebar to the left of this image

bialata Della Chiaje, 1841

(= Eschscholtzia cordata Kölliker, 1853)

cristata Moser, 1909

compressa (Mertens, 1833) - may be Mertensia ovum

diploptera Lamarck, 1816 (Moser gives date as 1843)

ficalbi Curreri, 1900

. hexagona Slabber

triploptera Lamarck, 1816 (Moser gives date as 1843)

Charistephane Chun, 1879

fugiens Chun, 1879

. Mertensia Lesson, 1830

ovum (Fabricius, 1780) another image of this species - a little too technicolor

"Undescribed genus" Harbison and Mills, in prep. (with masses of fine pink-red tentilla)

"Species 1" Harbison and Mills, in prep.

"Species 2" Harbison and Mills, in prep.

"Species 3" Harbison and Mills, in prep.

Family Dryodoridae Harbison, 1996 (earlier?)

. Dryodora L. Agassiz, 1860

glandiformis (Mertens, 1833) note similarity of sheaths and canals to Cambodgia

Family not determined

Big red undescribed cydippid "Agmayeria tortugensis"- but never formally described (also known as "Tortugas Red")

Cydippida, but family affiliation not determined (mostly juveniles):

Cydippe Eschscholtz, 1829

. densa Forskal, 1775 (in Moser)

ovata Lesson, 1843

. quadricostata Sars, 1835 (in Moser)

Eschscholthia Lesson 1836

dimidiata (Eschscholtz, 1829)

Eschscholtzia Kölliker, 1853

. borealis Wagner, 1885 (in Moser)

Paracelsia Dawydoff, 1946

quadriloba Dawydoff, 1946

Thoe Chun, 1879 1878?

paradoxa Chun, 1879 or 1878?

. Tinerfe coerulea Chun

Tizardia Dawydoff, 1946

phosphorea Dawydoff, 1946

FOSSIL CTENOPHORA - Order Cydippida

Archeocydippida Stanley and Stürmer, 1987 - reinterpreted by Otto, 1994 and accepted by Dzik et al. 1997 as perhaps echinoderm or other shelly fossil

hunsrueckiana Stanley and Stürmer, 1987. Devonian: Hunsrück Slate, Germany

Paleoctenophora Stanley and Stürmer, 1983 - reinterpreted by Otto, 1994 and accepted by Dzik et al. 1997 as perhaps echinoderm or other shelly fossil

brasseli Stanley and Stürmer, 1983. Devonian: Hunsrück Slate, Germany

. Podolites Ljaschendo 1969? (Berger 1981 Zoo. Record). Silurian

FOSSIL CTENOPHORA - Order Unknown

Family Ctenorhabdotidae Conway Morris and Collins, 1996

Ctenorhabdotus Conway Morris and Collins, 1996

capulus Conway Morris and Collins, 1996. Middle Cambrian: British Columbia, Canada

Family Fasciculidae Conway Morris and Collins, 1996

Fasciculus Simonetta and Della Cave, 1978

vesanus Simonetta and Della Cave, 1978. Middle Cambrian: British Columbia, Canada

Family Xanioascidae Conway Morris and Collins, 1996

Xanioascus Conway Morris and Collins, 1996

canadensis Conway Morris and Collins, 1996. Middle Cambrian: British Columbia, Canada

Family not determined

. Botafasciculus ramificans Hou et al. 1999. Chengjiang Biota, Cambrian: Yunnan, China - Hu et al. 2007 say affinity is uncertain

Eoandromeda octobrachiata Tang et al. 2008. Ediacaran Biota, Precambrian: South China - "spiral organism" interpreted as early stem-group ctenophore by Tang et al. 2011

Dickinsonia spp. Ediacaran Biota, Precambrian. Interpreted as possible ctenophore by Zhang and Reitner 2006

. Maotianoascus octonarius Chen and Zhou, 1997. Chengjiang Biota, Cambrian: Yunnan, China

. Petalilium latus author, date? Chengjiang Biota, Early Cambrian: Yunnan, China - interpreted as ctenophore by Chen et al. 2002, but Hu et al. 2007 say affinity remains uncertain

. Sinoascus papillatus Chen and Zhou, 1997. Chengjiang Biota, Lower Cambrian: Yunnan, China - Hu et al. 2007 say affinity is uncertain

Stromaveris pysgmoglena Shu et al. 2006. Chengjiang Biota, Lower Cambrian: Yunnan, China - interpreted as early stem-group ctenophore by Shu et al. 2006

. Trigoides aclis Luo and Hu date? Chengjiang Biota, Early Cambrian: Yunnan, China - considered as a ctenophore by Chen et al. 2002.

Yunnanoascus haikouensis Hu et al. 2007. Chengjiang Biota, Lower Cambrian: Yunnan, China

For one older review of fossil ctenophores, see: Conway Morris, S. and D.H. Collins, 1996. Middle Cambrian ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, Canada. Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 351: 279-308.

. Order Platyctenida Bourne 1900 = Coeloplanidea Stechow, 1922

Family Ctenoplanidae Willey, 1896

Ctenoplana Korotneff, 1886

bengalensis Gnanamuthu and Nair, 1948

duboscqui Dawydoff, 1929

korotneffi Willey, 1896

kowalevskii Korotneff, 1886

maculomarginata Yosii (Yoshi), 1933 (also as maculomarainata in
original description)

muculosa Yosii (Yoshi), 1933 (also maculosa, in original description's figure)

perrieri (Dawydoff, 1930)

rosacea Willey, 1896

sub-genus Diploctena Fricke and Plante, 1971

neritica Fricke and Plante, 1971

sub-genus Planoctena Dawydoff, 1936

agnae (Dawydoff, 1929) - subsequently referred to as Ctenoplana Planoctena agniae by Dawydoff, 1936

caulleryi Dawydoff, 1936

jurii (Dawydoff, 1929) - subsequently referred to as Ctenoplana Planoctena yuri by Dawydoff, 1936

Family Tjalfiellidae Komai, 1922

Tjalfiella Mortensen, 1910

tristoma Mortensen, 1910

Family Lyroctenidae Komai, 1942

Lyrocteis Komai, 1941

flavopallidus Robilliard and Dayton, 1972

imperatoris Komai, 1941 Scroll down three images.

Family Savangiidae Harbison and Madin, 1982 (?)

Savangia Dawydoff, 1950

atentaculata Dawydoff, 1950

Family Coeloplanidae Willey, 1896

. Coeloplana Kowalevsky, 1880 - I do not know this species and cannot verify that the photo ID is as stated on that website, but it certainly is beautiful (C.E.M).

agniae Dawydoff, 1930 - apparently not the same as Ctenoplana agnae.
(Tentacles of both spp. compared in same figure, Dawydoff (1933) p. 122)

var. striata Dawydoff, 1938

anthostella Song and Hwang, 2010

astericola Mortensen, 1927 - I do not know this species and cannot verify that the photo ID is as stated on that website (C.E.M).

bannwarthii Krumbach, 1933 - Scroll down. I do not know this species and cannot verify that the photo ID is as stated on that website (C.E.M).

bocki Komai, 1920

duboscqui Dawydoff, 1930

echinicola Tanaka, 1932

gonoctena Krempf, 1920

var. natalensis Pople, 1960

var. rosea Dawydoff, 1938

indica Devanesen and Varadarajan, 1942

komaii Utinomi, 1963

krusadiensis Devanesen and Varadarajan, 1942

lineolata Fricke, 1970

mellosa Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

meteoris Thiel, 1968

mesnili Dawydoff, 1938

metschnikowii Kowalevsky, 1880

mitsukurii Abbott, 1902

perrieri Dawydoff, 1930

punctata Fricke, 1970

reichelti Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

scaberiae Matsumoto and Gowlett-Holmes, 1996

sophiae Dawydoff, 1938

tattersalli Devanesen and Varadarajan, 1942

thomsoni Matsumoto, 1999

weilli Dawydoff, 1938

willeyi Abbott, 1902

wuennenbergi Fricke, 1970

sub-genus Benthoplana Fricke and Plante, 1971

meteoris Thiel, 1968

Vallicula Rankin, 1956

multiformis Rankin, 1956

Class/Subclass Cyclocoela Ospovat, 1985 (includes through Beroida)

Order Cambojiida Ospovat, 1985

Family Cambojiidae Ospovat, 1985

Cambodgia Dawydoff, 1946 (also spelled in same paper Cambodjia Dawydoff, 1946)

elegantissima Dawydoff, 1946. Note similarity of sheaths and canals to Dryodora.

. Order Ganeshida Moser, 1908

Family Ganeshidae Moser, 1907

Ganesha Moser, 1907

elegans (Moser, 1903)

(= Lampetia elegans Moser in Moser 1908)

annamita Dawydoff, 1946

Order Cryptolobiferida Ospovat, 1985

Family Cryptolobatidae Ospovat, 1985

Cryptolobata Moser, 1909 (Ospovat, 1985, says this may be larva of Lobocrypta)

primitiva Moser, 1909

Lobocrypta Dawydoff, 1946

annamita Dawydoff, 1946

Lobata with uncertain affinity:

Axiotima Eschscholtz, 1829

gaedii Eschscholtz, 1829

"Die 6 eckige Beroe" von Slabber (in Moser)

Calymma Eschscholtz, 1829

trevirani Eschscholtz, 1829

Order Thalassocalycida Madin and Harbison, 1978

Family Thalassocalycidae Madin and Harbison, 1978

Thalassocalyce Madin and Harbison, 1978

inconstans Madin and Harbison, 1978

Order Lobata Eschscholtz, 1825

Family Bathocyroidae Harbison and Madin, 1982

Bathocyroe Madin and Harbison, 1978

fosteri Madin and Harbison, 1978

longigula Horita, Akiyama and Kubota, 2011

paragaster (Ralph and Kaberry, 1950)

Family Bolinopsidae Bigelow, 1912 (= Bolinidae Agassiz, 1860)

Bolinopsis L. Agassiz, 1860 (= Bolina Mertens, 1833)

ashleyi Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

. chuni (von Lendenfeld, 1884)

elegans (Mertens, 1833)

indosinensis Dawydoff, 1946

infundibulum (O.F. Müller, 1776)

(= B. septentrionalis Mertens, 1833 by Mayer 1912)

microptera (A. Agassiz, 1865)

mikado (Moser, 1907)

ovalis (Bigelow, 1904)

rubripunctata Tokioka 1964

vitrea (L. Agassiz, 1860)

(= Bolina hydatina Chun, 1879)

Lesueuria Milne Edwards, 1841 - this genus was synonymized with Bolinopsis by Mortensen (1912), but revived by Ralph and Kaberry (1950) for their new species L. pinnata.

hyboptera A. Agassiz, 1865

pinnata Ralph and Kaberry, 1950

tiedemanni (Eschscholtz, 1829) moved by Moser, 1908

vitrea Milne Edwards, 1841

Mnemiopsis L. Agassiz, 1860 - apparently all one species, but I am waiting for the definitive publication that says so and also justifies using the name M. leidyi for all morphs, since this is not the oldest name, but it is the name that scientists seem to have chosen to use in the 2000s.

gardeni L. Agassiz, 1860 (said to be junior synonym of M. leidyi by Seravin (1994),
which it cannot be, because it has seniority by date)

leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865

mccradyi Mayer, 1900 = junior synonym of M. leidyi by Seravin, 1994

Family Leucotheidae Krumbach, 1925 ( = Leucothoeae Lesson 1843; = Eucharidae Chun, 1880)

Leucothea Mertens, 1833 (= Alcinoe Della Chiaje, 1841, = Chiaia Lesson, 1843)

filmersankeyi Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

grandiformis Agassiz and Mayer, 1899

. harmata

japonica Komai, 1918

multicornis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)

(= Eucharis multicornis Eschscholtz, 1829)

(= Chiaia neapolitana Lesson, 1843)

(= Chiaja palermitana Milne Edwards, 1857)

(= Cydippe brevicostata Will, 1844 - larva, by Chun, 1879)

(= Eschscholtzia pectinata Kölliker, 1853 - larva, by Chun, 1879)

ochracea Mayer, 1912

pulchra Matsumoto, 1988

. Family Ocyropsidae (= Ocyroidae Lesson, 1843)

Alcinoe Rang, 1828 (in Moser 1908)

. rosea Mertens, 1833

vermicularis Rang 1828 (in Moser 1908))

Ocyropsis Mayer, 1912 (= Ocyroe Rang, 1828)

crystallina (Rang, 1828)

subsp. crystallina Harbison and Miller, 1986

subsp. guttata Harbison and Miller, 1986

fusca (Rang, 1828)

maculata (Rang, 1828)

subsp. immaculata Harbison and Miller, 1986

subsp. maculata Harbison and Miller, 1986

pteroessa Bigelow 1904

vance Gershwin, Zeidler and Davie, 2010

Family Eurhamphaeidae L. Agassiz, 1860

Eurhamphaea Gegenbaur, 1856 = probably only one species, E. vexilligera

chamissonis (Eschscholz, 1829)

heteroptera (Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1821)

kuhlii (Eschscholtz, 1829)

schweiggeri (Eschscholtz, 1829)

vexilligera Gegenbaur, 1856

(= Mnemia elegans M. Sars, 1856)

[Family Deiopeidae Chun, 1880 (Harbison (1996) and Harbison, Matsumoto and Robison (2001) combined this family into the Eurhamphaeidae)]

Deiopea Chun, 1879

kaloktenota Chun, 1879

Kiyohimea Komai and Tokioka, 1940

aurita Komai and Tokioka, 1940

usagi Matsumoto and Robison, 1992

Family Lampoctenidae Harbison, Matsumoto and Robison, 2001

Lampocteis Harbison, Matsumoto and Robison, 2001

cruentiventer Harbison, Matsumoto and Robison, 2001

Family Lobatolampeidae Horita, 2000

Lobatolampea Horita, 2000

tetragona Horita, 2000

Order Cestida Gegenbaur, 1856

Family Cestidae Gegenbaur, 1856

Cestum Lesueur, 1813

veneris Lesueur, 1813 another image of this species

(= Cestus pectinalis Bigelow 1904)

(= Cestus veneris Chun, 1879 and 1880)

Velamen Krumbach, 1925

parallelum (Fol, 1869) another image of this species

(= Vexillum parallelum Fol, 1869)

(= Folia parallela Mayer, 1912)

Class Nuda Chun 1879 (at least, perhaps earlier?)

Order Beroida Eschscholtz, 1829 or 1825?

Family Beroidae Eschscholtz, 1825

Beroe Browne, 1756

abyssicola Mortensen, 1927

australis Agassiz and Mayer, 1899

baffini Kramp, 1942

. basteri Lesson, 1830

campana Komai, 1918

compacta Moser, 1909

constricta Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1821

cucumis Fabricius, 1780

(= Idyia roseola Agassiz, 1860 by Mayer, 1912)

(= Beroe shakespeari Benham, 1907 by Ralph, 1950)

. culcullus Martens, also Eschscholtz, 1829

cyathina A. Agassiz, 1860

flemingii (Eschscholtz, 1829)

forskalii Milne Edwards, 1841 another image of this species

gilva Eschscholtz, 1829

hyalina Moser, 1907

gracilis Künne, 1939 another image of this species

. macrostoma Péron and Lesueur, 1808 or 1809 (in Moser)

. mitraeformis Lesson, 1830 (in Moser)

mitrata (Moser, 1907)

. ovale Bosc 1802 (in Moser)

. ovata Bruguière, 1789 or Eschscholtz, 1829 - two quite different animals go by the name Beroe ovata; for a full description of the taxonomic problem presented by Beroe ovata see the paragraph written by Richard Harbison in Mills et al. 1996, Scientia Marina, vol. 60(1), p. 161.

(= Idyiopsis affinis L. Agassiz, 1860 by Mayer, 1912)

(= Beroe clarkii (Agassiz, 1860) by Mayer, 1912)

(= Idya mertensii Mertens, 1833 by Mayer, 1912)

(= Beroe capensis Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1821 by Chun, 1880)

(= Beroe punctata Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821 by Mayer, 1912)

(= Beroe shakespeari Benham, 1907 by Bigelow, 1912)

. pandorina (Moser, 1903)

penicillata (Mertens, 1833)

ramosa Komai, 1921

roseus Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 (and in Moser 1908)

rufescens (Eschscholtz, 1829)

. Neis Lesson, 1843 or 1829? (this picture of Neis does not show bioluminescence, despite its caption) another image which might be slow to download

cordigera Lesson, 1829