The Southern Diaspora How the Great Migrations of Black and White Southerners Transformed America

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Bibliography: The Great Migrations of Black and White Southerners This bibliography lists more than 700 books and articles. It is organized under the following subheadings Migration Studies Comparative Black White  Resettlement Experiences and Community Building Black White Personal Stories: Memoirs, Biographies, Fiction Black and White Cultural institutions, Cultural Effects Black White Political Initiatives, Political Effects Black White Churches and Religious Legacies Black and White

Migration Studies: Comparative

Alexander	J. Trent	"Great Migrations: Race and Community in the Southern Exodus, 1917-1970” (Ph.D. diss. Carnegie Mellon University, 2001).
Coles	Robert	The South Goes North (Boston, 1972)
Dennis	Sam Joseph	African-American Exodus and White Migration, 1950-1970: A Comparative Analysis of Population Movements and their Relations to Labor and Race Relations (New York, 1989)
Digman	Jason Carl	“Which Way to the Promised Land? Changing Patterns in Southern Migration, 1865–1920” (Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois–Chicago, 2001)
Fligstein	Neil	Going North: Migration of Blacks and Whites from the South, 1900-1950 (New York, 1981)
Gregory	James N.	“The Southern Diaspora and the Urban Dispossessed: Demonstrating the Census Public Use Microdata Samples,” Journal of American History 82, no. 1(June 1995)
Jones	Jacqueline	The Dispossessed: America's Underclasses from the Civil War to the Present (New York, 1992)
Kirby	Jack Temple	"The Southern Exodus, 1910-1960: A Primer for Historians," Journal of Southern History 49(November, 1983), 585-600.
Price	Daniel O. and Melanie M. Sikes	Rural-Urban Migration Research in the United States (Wash. D.C., 1974)
Qureshi	Rashida	"Dependency and Internal Migration: A Comparative Study of Outmigration from the Appalachian South and the Core South," (Ph.D. dissertation Kansas State University, 1996).

Migration Studies: Black

Adelman	Robert M., Chris Morett, and Stewart E. Tolnay	“Homeward Bound: The Return Migration of Southern Born Black Women, 1940–1990,” Sociological Spectrum 20(2000): 433–63
Adero	Malaika, ed.,	Up South: Stories, Studies, and Letters of This Century’s Black Migrations(New York, 1993).
Cohen	William	At Freedom’s Edge: Black Mobility and the Southern White Quest for Racial Control, 1861–1915 (Baton Rouge, 1991)
Crowder	Kyle D., Stewart E. Tolnay, and Robert M. Adelman	"Intermetropolitan Migration and Locational Improvement for African American Males, 1970-1990" Social Science Research 30 (2001), 449-472
Gill	Flora	“Economics and the Black Exodus” (Ph.D. diss., Stanford University, 1974)
Goodwin	E. Marvin	Black Migration in American from 1915 to 1960: An Uneasy Exodus (Lewiston N.Y., 1990)
Gottlieb	Peter	Making Their Own Way: Southern Black’s Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916-30 (Urbana, 1987)
Groh	George W.	The Black Migration: The Journey to Urban America (New York, 1972)
Grossman	James R.	Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration (Chicago, 1989)
Hamilton	Horace C.	"The Negro Leaves the South," Demography 1 (1959): 273–95
Harrison	Alferdteen, ed.	Black Exodus: The Great Migration from the American South (Jackson, Miss., 1991)
Henri	Florette	Black Migration: Movement North 1900–1920 (Garden City, N.Y., 1975)
Hine	Darlene Clark	“Black Migration to the Urban Midwest: The Gender Dimension, 1915-1945” in The Great Migration in Historical Perspective: New Dimensions of Race, Class, and Gender, ed., Joe William Trotter Jr. (Bloomington, 1991)
Holley	Donald	The Second Great Emancipation: The Mechanical Cotton Picker, Black Migration and How They Shaped the Modern South (Fayetteville, Ark., 2000)
Johnson	Daniel M. and Rex R. Campbell	Black Migration in America: A Social Demographic History (Durham, 1981)
Lemann	Nicholas	The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America (New York, 1991)
LeSeur	Geta	Not All Okies Are White: The Lives of Black Cotton Pickers in Arizona  (Columbia, Mo, 2000).
Long	Larry, and Kristin A. Hansen	,"Selectivity in Black Return Migrants," Rural Sociology 42(1975): 317–31.
Marks	Carole	Farewell--We're Good and Gone: The Great Black Migration (Bloomington, 1989)
Painter	Nell Irvin	Exodusters: Black Migration to Kansas after Reconstruction (Topeka, 1986)
Phillips	Kimberley L.	AlabamaNorth: African-American Migrants, Community, and Working-Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915-45 (Urbana, 1999)
Price-Spratlen	Townsend	"African American Community Development and Migration Streams: Patterns of Change in Twentieth Century Metropolitan Migration" (Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1993)
Price-Spratlen	Townsend	"Livin' for the City: African American Ethnogenesis and Depression Era Migration,” Demography 36 (November 1999): 553–68
Stack	Carol	Call to Home: African Americans Reclaim the Rural South (New York, 1996).
Tolnay	Stewart E.	“The African American ‘Great Migration’ and Beyond,” Annual Review of Sociology (2003), 209-33.
Tolnay	Stewart E., Kyle D. Crowder, and RM Adelman	“Race, Regional Origins, and Residence in Northern Cities at the Beginning of the Great Migration,” American Sociological Review 67 (2002), 456-75.
Tolnay	Stewart	"The Great Migration and Changes in the Northern Black Family, 1940 to 1990" Social Forces, 75(June 1997), 1213-38
Tolnay	Stewart E.	"Migration Experience and Family Patterns in the 'Promised Land'" Journal of Family History 23 (1998), 68-89
Tolnay	Stewart E.	“Educational Selection in the Migration of Southern Blacks, 1880–1990,” Social Forces 77 (December 1998): 487–514
Tolnay	Stewart E.	"The Great Migration Gets Underway: A Comparison of Black Southern Migrants and Nonmigrants in the North, 1920" Social Science Quarterly 82 (2001), 235-252
Trotter	Joe William Jr., ed.,	The Great Migration in Historical Perspective: New Dimensions of Race, Class, and Gender (Bloomington, 1991)
Vickery	William	The Economics of the Negro Migration, 1900–1920 (New York, 1977)
Whitman	David	"The Great Sharecropper Success Story," Public Interest 101(Summer 1991),
Woodson	Carter G.	A Century of Negro Migration (Washington, D.C., 1918)

Migration Studies: White

Berry	Chad	Southern Migrants, Northern Exiles (Urbana, 2000)
Brown	James S , and George A. Hillery Jr.	"The Great Migration, 1940–1960," in The Southern Appalachian Region, ed. Thomas R. Ford (Lexington, Ken., 1962), 54–78
Gregory	James N.	American Exodus: The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California (New York, 1989)
Hamilton	C. Horace	"Continuity and Change in Southern Migration" in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 69–75
McCoy	Clyde B., and James S. Brown	“Appalachia Migration to Midwestern Cities,” in The Invisible Minority: Urban Appalachians, eds. William W. Philliber and Clyde B. McCoy (Lexington, Ken., 1981)
Obermiller	Phillip J., Thomas E. Wagner, and E. Bruce Tucker, eds.	Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration (Westport, 2000)
Philliber	William W.	Appalachian Migrants in Urban America: Cultural Conflict or Ethnic Group Formation? (New York, 1981)
Schwarzweller	Harry K., James S. Brown and Joseph J. Mangalam	Mountain Families in Transition (University Park, Penn., 1971).
Shindo	Charles J.	Dust Bowl Migrants in the American Imagination (Lawrence, KS, 1997).
Stein	Walter	California and the Dust Bowl Migration (Westport, 1973)
Weisiger	Marsha L.	Land of Plenty: Oklahomans in the Cotton Fields of Arizona, 1933-1942 (Norman, 1995).

 Resettlement Experiences and Community Building: Black

Archibald	Katherine	Wartime Shipyard: A Study in Social Disunity (Berkeley, 1947), 75
Ballard	Allen B.	One More Day's Journey: The Story of a Family and a People (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984).
Banner-Haley	Charles Pete T.	To Do Good and To Do Well: Middle-Class Blacks and the Depression, Philadelphia, 1929-1941 (New York, 1993)
Bodnar	John	Workers' World: Kinship, Community, and Protest in an Industrial Society, 1900-1940 (Baltimore, 1982)
Bodnar	John, Roger Simon, and Michael P. Weber	Lives of Their Own: Blacks, Italians, and Poles in Pittsburgh, 1900-1960 (Urbana, 1982).
Bontemps	Arna and Jack Conroy	Anyplace But Here (New York, 1966; orig.1945)
Boyle	Kevin	Arc of Justice: A Sage of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age (New York, 2004).
Broussard	Albert S.	Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900–1954 (Lawrence, Kan., 1993)
Capeci	Dominic J. Jr.	Race Relations in Wartime Detroit: The Sojourner Truth Housing Controversy of 1942 (Philadelphia, 1984)
Chicago Commission on Race Relations		The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot (Chicago, 1922
Drake	St. Clair, and Horace R. Cayton	Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City (New York, 1962)
Drake	St. Clair, and Horace R. Cayton	Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City (New York, 1962)
Du Bois	W.E.B.	The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study (Philadelphia, 1899 )
Gottlieb	Peter	Making Their Own Way: Southern Black’s Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916-30 (Urbana, 1987)
Greenberg	Cheryl Lynn	"Or Does It Explode?" Black Harlem in the Great Depression (New York, 1991)
Grossman	James R.	Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration (Chicago, 1989)
Hardin	Clara A.	The Negroes of Philadelphia: The Cultural Adjustment of a Minority Group (Bryn Mawr, PA, 1945)
Haynes	George Edmund	Negro Newcomers in Detroit (New York, 1969 (orig. 1918)
Hirsch	Arnold R.	Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960 (Cambridge, 1983)
Johnson	Marilynn S.	The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II (Berkeley, 1993)
Katzman	David M.	Before the Ghetto: Black Detroit in the Nineteenth Century (Urbana, 1973)
Kennedy	Louise Venable	The Negro Peasant Turns Cityward: Effects of Recent Migrations to Northern Centers (New York, 1930)
Kusmer	Kenneth L.	A Ghetto Takes Shape: Black Cleveland, 1870-1930 (Urbana, 1978), 66-90.
Lee	Alfred McClung and Norman D. Humphrey	Race Riot (New York, 1968; orig.1944)
Lemann	Nicholas	The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America (New York, 1991)
Levine	David	Internal Combustion: The Races in Detroit, 1915-1926 (Westport, 1976).
Lieberson	Stanley	A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880 (Berkeley, 1980)
Lieberson	Stanley and Christy A. Wilkinson	"A Comparison between Northern and Southern Blacks Residing in the North," Demography 13 (May 1976), 199-224
Lyons	Beverly A. Bunch-	Contested Terrain: African-American Women Migrate from the South to Cincinnati, Ohio, 1900-1950 (New York, 2002)
Marks	Carole	Farewell--We're Good and Gone: The Great Black Migration (Bloomington, 1989)
Meyer	Stephen Grant	As Long as They Don’t Move Next Door: Segregation and Racial Conflict in American Neighborhoods (Lanham, MD, 2000)
Mohl	Raymond A. and Neil Betten	Steel City: Urban and Ethnic Patterns in Gary, Indiana, 1906-1950 (New York, 1986
Moon	Elaine Latzman ed.	Untold Tales, Unsung Heroes: An Oral History of Detroit's African American Community, 1918–1967 (Detroit, 1994), 149.
Moore	Shirley Ann Wilson	To Place Our Deeds: The African American Community in Richmond, California, 1910–1963 (Berkeley, 2000)
Mossell	Sadie T.	"The Standard of Living among One Hundred Negro Migrant Families in Philadelphia," Annals of the American Academy 98(1921), 176-177.
Moynihan	Daniel P.	The Negro Family: The Case for National Action (Wash. D.C., 1965)
Myrdal	Gunnar	An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York, 1944
Osofsky	Gilbert	Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto: Negro New York, 1890-1930 (Chicago, 1996, orig.1966)
Ottley	Roi	New World A-Coming: Inside Black America (Cambridge, 1943),
Petersen	Gene B., Laure M. Sharp, Thomas F. Drury	Southern Newcomers to Northern Cities: Work and Social Adjustment in Cleveland (New York, 1977)
Phillips	Kimberley L.	AlabamaNorth: African-American Migrants, Community, and Working-Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915-45 (Urbana, 1999)
Santangelo	Gretchen Lemke	Abiding Courage: African American Migrant Women and the East Bay Community (Chapel Hill, 1996)
Self	Robert	American Babylon: Race and Power in Postwar Oakland (Princeton, 2003).
Spear	Allan H.	Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto 1890-1920 (Chicago, 1967)
Sugrue	Thomas J.	The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (Princeton, 1996),
Taeuber	Konrad E. and A.F. Taeuber	Negroes in Cities: Residential Segregation and Neighborhood Change (Chicago, 1965).
Taylor	Quintard	The Forging of a Black Community: Seattle's Central District, from 1870 through the Civil Rights Era (Seattle, 1994)
Thomas	Richard W.	Life For Us is What We Make it: Building Black Community in Detroit, 1915-1945 ((Bloomington, 1992), 161-73
Thompson	Nathan	Kings: The True Story of Chicago’s Policy Kings and Numbers Racketeers (Chicago, 2003?)
Trotter	Joe William Jr.	Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915-45 (Urbana, 1985)
Williams	Lillian Serece	Strangers in the Land of Paradise: The Creation of an African American Community, Buffalo, New York 1900-1940 (Bloomington, 1999)
Wilson	J. William Julius	When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor (New York, 1996)
Wolcott	Victoria W.	Remaking Respectability: African American Women in Interwar Detroit (Chapel Hill, 2001)
Wright	Richard R. Jr.	The Negro in Pennsylvania: A Study in Economic History (New York, 1969, orig.1912)

 Resettlement Experiences and Community Building: White

Akers	Elmer	"Southern Whites in Detroit" (unpublished ms, n.d., University Microfilms)
Archibald	Katherine	Wartime Shipyard: A Study in Social Disunity (Berkeley, 1947), 75
Berry	Chad	Southern Migrants, Northern Exiles (Urbana, 2000)
Beynon	Erdmann Doane	"The Southern White Laborer Migrates to Michigan," American Sociological Review 3 (June 1938)
Bruno	Hal	"The Hillbilly Ghetto," The Reporter June 4, 1962
Chicago Commission on Human Relations		The Uptown Community Area and the Southern White In-Migrant—a Human Relations Study (mimeograph np., May 1957)
Clarkson	Atleia and W. Lynwood Montell	"Letters to a Bluegrass DJ: Social Documents of Southern Whites Migrants in Southeaster Michigan 1964-1974" Southern Folklore Quarterly 39(1975),
Coles	Robert	The South Goes North (Boston, 1972)
Deyling	Rosemary	"Hillbillies in Steelville: A Study of Participation in Community Life," (MA thesis, University of Chicago, 1949), 41-52.
Fowler	Gary L.	"Up Here and Down Home: Appalachians in Cities," in Perspectives on Urban Appalachians eds., Steven Weiland and Phillip Obermiller (Cincinnati, 1978), 197-209
Fuller	Varden	Rural Worker Adjustment to Urban Life: An Assessment of the Research (Ann Arbor, 1970)
Ganzel	Bill	Dust Bowl Descent (Lincoln, 1984).
Gitlin	Todd and Nanci Hollander	Uptown: Poor Whites in Chicago (New York, 1970)
Goldschmidt	Walter	As You Sow: Three Studies in the Social Consequences of Agribusiness (Montclair, N.J., 1978 orig. 1947).
Gregory	James N.	American Exodus: The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California (New York, 1989)
Gregory	James N.	"Southernizing the American Working Class: Post-War Episodes of Regional and Class Transformation," Labor History, 39:2(1998), 135-54
Guy	Roger Stephen	“Diversity to Unity: Uptown’s Southern Migrants, 1950-1970” (Ph.D diss. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1996)
Harwood	Edwin S.	“Work and Community Among Newcomers: A Study of Social and Economic Adaptation of Southern Migrants in Chicago” (PhD. Diss. University of Chicago, 1966)
Jamieson	Stuart M.	“A Settlement of Rural Migrant Families in the Sacramento Valley, California,” Rural Sociology (March 1942), 49-61
Johnson	Marilynn S.	The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II (Berkeley, 1993)
Killian	Lewis M.	"Southern White Laborers in Chicago's West Side" (Ph.D dissertation University of Chicago, 1949)
Killian	Lewis M.	White Southerners (New York, 1970)
Killian	Lewis M.	"Southern White Laborers in Chicago's West Side" (Ph.D dissertation University of Chicago, 1949)
Leybourne	Grace G.	"Urban Adjustments of Migrants from the Southern Appalachia Plateaus" Social Forces 16:2 (December 1937), 238-46.
Manes	Sheila Goldring	“Depression Pioneers: The Conclusion of as American Odyssey, Oklahoma to California, 1930-1950, a Reinterpretation” (Ph.D. diss. University of California, Los Angeles, 1982)
McKee	Dan M. and Phillip J. Obermiller	From Mountain to Metropolis: Urban Appalachians in Ohio (Cincinnati, 1978)
Merten	Don Edward	"Up Here and Down Home: Appalachian Migrants in Northtown" (Ph.D diss. University of Chicago ,1974).
Morgan	Dan	Rising in the West: The True Story of an "Okie" Family from the Great Depression through the Reagan Years (New York, 1992).
Nicolaides	Becky M.	My Blue Heaven: Life and Politics in the Working-Class Suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920-1965 (Chicago, 2002)
Obermiller	Phillip J. and Thomas E. Wagner	“’Hands-Across-The Ohio’: The Urban Initiatives of the Council of the Southern Mountains, 1954-1971” in Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, eds., Phillip J. Obermiller, Thomas E. Wagner, and E. Bruce Tucker (Westport, 2000
Obermiller	Phillip J. and Michael E. Maloney	“Looking for Appalachians in Pittsburgh: Seeking Deliverance, Finding the Dear Hunter,” in From Mountain to Metropolis: Appalachian Migrants in American Cities, ed., Kathryn M Borman and Phillip J. Obermiller (Westport, 1994), 13-24.
Petersen	Gene B., Laure M. Sharp, Thomas F. Drury	Southern Newcomers to Northern Cities: Work and Social Adjustment in Cleveland (New York, 1977)
Philliber	William W.	Appalachian Migrants in Urban America: Cultural Conflict or Ethnic Group Formation? (New York, 1981)
Price	Daniel O. and Melanie M. Sikes	Rural-Urban Migration Research in the United States (Wash. D.C., 1974)
Schloss	Bert P.	"The Uptown Community Area and the Southern White In-migrant" (Chicago Commission on Human Relations report May 1957)
Schwarzweller	Harry K., James S. Brown and Joseph J. Mangalam	Mountain Families in Transition (University Park, Penn., 1971).
Spaulding	Charles B.	“The Development of Organization and Disorganization in the Social Life of a Rapidly Growing Working-Class Suburb Within a Metropolitan District” (Ph.D. diss., University of Southern California, 1939)
Stein	Walter	California and the Dust Bowl Migration (Westport, 1973)
Sutherland	Daniel E.	The Confederate Carpetbaggers (Baton Rouge, 1988)
Sutherland	Daniel E.	"Southern Fraternal Organizations in the North," Journal of Southern History, 53, no.4(November 1987): 587–612
Thompson	John Leslie	"Industrialization in the Miami Valley: A Case Study of Interregional Labor Migration," (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1955)
Weisiger	Marsha L.	Land of Plenty: Oklahomans in the Cotton Fields of Arizona, 1933-1942 (Norman, 1995).

Personal Stories: Memoirs, Biographies, Fiction

Albertson	Chris	Bessie (New York, 1972).
Alexander	Charles C.	Ty Cobb (New York, 1984).
Black	Timuel D. Jr.	The Bridges of Memory: Chicago’s First Wave of Black Migration (Evanston, Ill, 2003)
Boyle	Kevin	Arc of Justice: A Sage of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age (New York, 2004).
Buni	Andrew	Robert L. Vann of the Pittsburgh Courier: Politics and Black Journalism (Pittsburgh, 1974)
Caldwell	Erskine	Call it Experience (London, 1960)
Cayton Jr	Horace R.	Long Old Road: An Autobiography (Seattle, 1964
Chung	Haeja K. , ed.	Harriette Simpson Arnow: Critical Essays on Her Work (East Lansing, 1995).
Comer	James P.	Maggie’s American Dream: The Life and Times of a Black Family (New York, 1989)
Cooper	John Milton  Jr	. Walter Hines Page: The Southern as American 1855-1918 (Chapel Hill, 1977)
Denby	Charles	Indignant Heart: A Black Worker’s Journal (Boston, 1978 orig. 1952)
Donald	David Herbert	Look Homeward: The Life of Thomas Wolfe (Boston, 1987)
Eckley	Wilton	Harriette Arnow (New York, 1975)
Faulkner	AO, MA Helser, W. Holbrook, S Geismar	When I Was Comin’ Up: An Oral History of Aged Blacks (Hamden, Conn., 1982).
Feather	Carl E.	Mountain People in a Flat Land: A Popular History of Appalachian Migration to Northeast Ohio, 1940-1965 (Athens, OH, 1998).
Frady	Marshall	Billy Graham: A Parable of American Righteousness (Boston, 1979).
Franklin	C.L.	Give Me this Mountain: Life History and Selected Sermons, edited by Jeff Todd Titon (Urbana, 1989)
Franklin	Aretha and David Ritz	Aretha: From These Roots (New York, 1999)
Haggard	Merle with Peggy Russell	Sing Me Back Home: My Story (New York, 1981).
Henderson	Robert M.	D.W. Griffith: The Years at Biograph (New York, 1970).
Himes	Chester B.	If He Hollers Let Him Go: A Novel (New York, 1986 orig. 1944)
Hobbs	Richard S.	Cayton Legacy: An African American Family (Pullman WA, 2002)
Holloway	Joanathan Scott	Confronting the Veil: Abram Harris Jr., E. Franklin Frazier, and Ralph Bunche, 191-1941 (Chapel Hill, 2002).
Horace	Lillian B.	"Crowned with Glory and Hope": The Life of Rev. Lacey Kirk Williams (Hicksville, NT, 1978)
Irvin	Dona L.	The Unsung Heart of Black America: A Middle–Class Church at Midcentury (Columbia MO, 1992)
Johnson	John H. with Lerone Bennett, Jr.	Succeeding Against the Odds (New York, 1989),
Killian	Lewis M.	Black and White: Reflections of a White Southern Sociologist (New York, 1994)
King	Larry L.	“Playing Cowboy: That Widespread Breed, the Expatriate” The Atlantic, March 1975, 40-45.
Lynn	Loretta with George Vecsey	Loretta Lynn: Coal Miner’s Daughter (Chicago, 1976).
Mills	James R.	A Disorderly House: The Brown-Unruh Years in Sacramento (Berkeley, 1987)
Moon	Elaine Latzman ed.	Untold Tales, Unsung Heroes: An Oral History of Detroit's African American Community, 1918–1967 (Detroit, 1994), 149.
Morris	Willie	North Toward Home (Boston, 1967)
Morris	Willie	New York Days (Boston, 1993)
Murray	Albert	South to a Very Old Place (New York, 1971)
Ottley	Roi	Lonely Warrior: The Life and Times of Robert S. Abbott (Chicago, 1955)
Platt	Anthony M.	E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered (New Brunswick, 1991)
Richardson	James	Willie Brown: A Biography (Berkeley, 1996).
Robbins	Richard	Sidelines Activist: Charles S. Johnson and the Struggle for Civil Rights (Jackson Miss., 1996).
Seale	Bobby	Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton (New York, 1970)
Sorensen	Jeff	Lily Tomlin: Woman of a Thousand Faces (New York, 1989),
Stack	Carol	Call to Home: African Americans Reclaim the Rural South (New York, 1996).
Still	Mark Sumner	"'Fighting Bob' Shuler: Fundamentalist and Reformer" (Ph.D. dissertation Claremont Graduate School, 1988),
Weisbrot	Robert	Father Divine (Boston, 1983)
White	Walter	A Man Called White: The Autobiography of Walter White (Bloomington, 1948)

Cultural Institutions, Cultural Effects: Black

Albertson	Chris	Bessie (New York, 1972).
Anderson	Jervis	This Was Harlem: 1900-1950, (New York, 1982)
Bak	Richard	Turkey Stearnes and the Detroit Stars: The Negro Leagues in Detroit, 1919-1933 (Detroit, 1994)
Bankes	James	The Pittsburgh Crawfords: The Lives and Times of Black Baseball’s Most Exciting Team (Dubuque, 1991)
Banks	William M.	Black Intellectuals: Race and Responsibility in American Life (New York, 1996)
Barlow	William	"Commercial and Noncommercial Radio" in Jannette L. Dates and William Barlow, eds., Split Image: African Americans in the Mass Media (Wash D.C., 1990), 176-84.
Barlow	William	“’Looking Up at Down’” The Emergence of Blues Culture (Philadelphia, 1989)
Black Public Sphere Collective, eds.		The Black Public Sphere (Chicago, 1995)
Bogle	Donald	Toms, Coons, Mulattos, Mammies, & Bucks: An Interpretative History of Blacks in American Films, Rev. Ed. (New York, 1992),
Boskin	Joseph	Sambo: The Rise & Demise of an American Jester (New York, 1986)
Bruce	Janet	The Kansas City Monarchs: Champions of Black Baseball (Lawrence, 1985)
Bryant	Clora, et. al., eds.	Central Avenue Sounds: Jazz in Los Angeles (Berkeley, 1998)
Buni	Andrew	Robert L. Vann of the Pittsburgh Courier: Politics and Black Journalism (Pittsburgh, 1974)
Carby	Hazel V.	Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Woman Novelist (New York, 1987).
Carby	Hazel V.	“It Jus Be’s Dat Way Sometime: The Sexual Politics of Women’s Blues, “ Radical America 20(June-July 1986), 8-22
Cohn	Lawrence, ed.	Nothing But the Blues: The Music and the Musicians (New York, 1993).
Cripps	Thomas	Slow Fade to Black: The Negro in American Film, 1900-1942 (New York, 1977)
Cruse	Harold	The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual (New York, 1984 orig. 1967
Dates	Jannette L. and William Barlow, eds.	Split Image: African Americans in the Mass Media (Wash. D.C., 1990), 29-30.
Davis	Angela	Blues Legacies and Black Feminism (New York, 1998
De Barros	Paul	Jackson Street After Hours: The Roots of Jazz in Seattle (Seattle, 1993)
De Jongh	James	Vicious Modernism: Black Harlem and the Literary Imagination (New York, 1990).
Detweiler	Frederick G.	The Negro Press in the United States (Chicago, 1922).
Douglas	Ann	Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s (New York, 1995)
Ely	Melvyn Patrick	The Adventures of Amos 'n' Andy: A Social History of an American Phenomenon (New York, 1991)
Erenberg	Lewis A.	Swingin’ The Dream: Big Band Jazz and the Rebirth of American Culture (Chicago, 1998)
Fabre	Michel	The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright (New York, 1973
Farrar	Haywood	The "Baltimore Afro-American," 1892-1950 (Westport, 1998)
Floyd	Samuel A. Jr.	The Power of Black Music: Interpreting its History from Africa to the United States (New York, 1995)
Gaines	Kevin K.	Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century (Chapel Hill, 1996)
Gates	Henry Louis Jr. and Cornell West	The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Country (New York, 2000)
Gerard	Charley	Jazz in Black and White: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Jazz Community (Westport, 1998)
Gioia	Ted	The History of Jazz (New York, 1997)
Gist	Noel P.	"The Negro in the Daily Press, Social Forces 10:3 (March 1932), 405-11
Green	Adam	"Selling the Race: Cultural Production and Notions of Community in Black Chicago, 1940-1955," (Ph.D. diss. Yale University 1998)
Griffin	Farah Jasmine	"Who Set You Flowin'": The African-American Migration Narrative (New York, 1995)
Harris	Michael W.	The Rise of Gospel Blues: The Music of Thomas Andrew Dorsey in the Urban Church (New York, 1992), 117-24
Harrison	Daphne Duval	Black Pearls: Blues Queens of the 1920s (New Brunswick, 1988).
Hogan	Lawrence W.	A Black National News Service: The Associated Negro Press and Claude Barnett, 1991-1945 (Rutherford N.J., 1984)
Holloway	Joanathan Scott	Confronting the Veil: Abram Harris Jr., E. Franklin Frazier, and Ralph Bunche, 191-1941 (Chapel Hill, 2002).
Holtzman	Jerome ed.	No Cheering in the Press Box (New York, 1974)
Huggins	Nathan Irvin	Harlem Renaissance, (New York, 1971)
Hughes	Langston	The Big Sea (New York, 1940)
Hutchinson	George	The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White (Cambridge, 1995)
Johnson	James Weldon	Black Manhattan (New York, 1968 orig.1930), 1.
Jordan	William G.	Black Newspapers & America's War for Democracy, 1914-1920 (Chapel Hill, 2001).
Kenney	William Howland	Chicago Jazz: A Cultural History 1904-1930 (New York, 1993)
LaBrie III	Henry G.	A Survey of Black Newspapers in America (Kennebunkport, 1979)
Lester	Larry	Black Baseball's National Showcase: The East-West All-Star Game, 1933-1953 (Lincoln NB 2001)
Levine	Lawrence W.	Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought From Slavery to Freedom (New York, 1975)
Lewis	David Levering	When Harlem was in Vogue (New York, 1979)
Marks	Carole and Diana Edkins	The Power of Pride: Stylemakers and Rulebreakers of the Harlem Renaissance (New York, 1999).
Martindale	Carolyn	The White Press and Black America (New York, 1986)
Mean	Chris	Champion--Joe Louis: Black Hero in White America (New York, 1985)
Meier	August	Negro Thought in America 1880-1915 (Ann Arbor, 1968).
Melnick	Jeffrey	A Right to Sing the Blues: African Americans, Jews, and American Popular Song (Cambridge, 1999).
Mullen	Bill V.	Popular Fronts: Chicago and African-American Cultural Politics, 1935-1946 (Urbana, 1999)
Natanson	Nicholas	The Black Image in the New Deal: The Politics of FSA Photography (Knoxville, 1992),
Neal	Mark Anthony	What the Music Said: Black Popular Music and Black Public Culture (New York, 1999).
Oak	Vishnu V.	The Negro Newspaper (Westport, 1948)
Ostransky	Leroy	Jazz City: The Impact of Our Cities on the Development of Jazz (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1978).
Ottley	Roi	Lonely Warrior: The Life and Times of Robert S. Abbott (Chicago, 1955)
Peterson	Robert	Only the Ball Was White (New York, 1970)
Pride	Armistead S. and Clint C. Wilson II	A History of the Black Press (Wash. D.C., 1997)
Reisler	Jim	Black Writers/Black Baseball: An Anthology of Articles from Black Sportswriters Who Covered the Negro Leagues (Jefferson NC, 1994).
Ribowsky	Mark	A Complete History of the Negro Leagues 1884 to 1955 (New York, 1995).
Riis	Thomas L.	Just Before Jazz: Black Musical Theater in New York, 1890 to 1915 (Wash. D.C. 1989).
Rodgers	Lawrence R.	Canaan Bound: The African-American Great Migration Novel (Urbana,1997)
Rogosin	Donn	Invisible Men: Life in Baseball’s Negro Leagues (New York, 1983).
Russell	Ross	Jazz Style in Kansas City and the Southwest (New York, 1997).
Savage	Barbara Dianne	Broadcasting Freedom: Radio, War, and the Politics of Race 1938-1948 (Chapel Hill 1999)
Scott	Daryl Michael	Contempt & Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche 1880-1996 (Chapel Hill, 1997)
Scruggs	Charles	Sweet Home: Invisible Cities in the Afro-American Novel (Baltimore, 1993),
Shankman	Arnold	"Black Pride and Protest: The Amos ‘n Andy Crusade," Journal of Popular Culture 12(Fall 1979), 238-47
Simmons	Charles Alexander	"A Comparative Look at Four Black Newspapers and their Editorial Philosophies During the Eras of the Northern Migration and World War I, World War II, and the Civil Rights Movement" ( Ed.D diss. Oklahoma State University 1995)
Simpson	George E.	The Negro in the Philadelphia Press (Philadelphia, 1936)
Singh	Nikhil Pal	Black is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy (Cambridge, Mass., 2004)
Smith	Susanne E.	Dancing in the Street: Motown and the Cultural Politics of Detroit (Cambridge Mass., 1999).
Smith	Willie (the Lion)	Music on My Mind: The Memoirs of An American Pianist (New York, 1964) 112.
Squires	Catherine R.	“Rethinking the Black Public Sphere: An Alternative Vocabulary for Multiple Public Spheres,” Communication Theory 12 (November 2002
Suggs	Henry Lewis	The Black Press in the Middle West, 1865-1985 (Westport, 1996)
Suggs	Henry Lewis	The Black Press in the South, 1865-1979 (Westport, 1983)
Suggs	Henry Lewis	P.B. Young Newspaperman: Race, Politics, and Journalism in the New South 1910-1962 (Charlottesville, 1988)
Walker	Juliet E. K.	"The Promised Land: The Chicago Defender and the Black Press in Illinois: 1862-1970" in Henry Lewis Suggs, ed., The Black Press in the Middle West, 1865-1985 (Westport, 1996), 24-25.
Warren	Nagueyalti	"From Uncle Tom to Cliff Huxtable, Aunt Jemima to Aunt Nell: Images of Blacks in Film and the Television Industry," Jessie Carney Smith, ed., Images of Blacks in American Culture (New York, 1988), 59.
Watson	Steven	The Harlem Renaissance: Hub of African American Culture, 1920-1930 (New York, 1995).
Werheim	Arthur Frank	Radio Comedy (1979)
White	G. Edward	Creating the National Pastime: Baseball Transforms Itself 1903-1953 (Princeton, 1996)
White	Deborah Gray	Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves 1894-1994 (New York, 1999)
Wolseley	Roland E.	The Black Press USA (Ames, Iowa, 1990)

Cultural Institutions, Cultural Effects: White

Arnow	Harriette	The Dollmaker (New York, 1954)
AuCoin	.Bill	Redneck (Matteson, Ill., 1977)
Averill	Patricia	"Can the Circle Be Unbroken: A Study of the Modernization of Rural Born Southern Whites Since World War I Using Country Music" (Ph.D. dissertation, 1975, University of Pennsylvania).
Banes	Ruth A.	“Southerners Up North: Autobiographical Indications of Southern Ethnicity” in Perspectives on the American South Vol. 3, eds., James C Cobb and Charles R.
Berryhill	Bruce Ray	"The Relationship between Regional and Social Dialects and Linguistic Adaptation" (MA thesis, California State University, Fresno, 1976).
Caldwell	Erskine	Call it Experience (London, 1960)
Carney	George O., ed.	The Sounds of People and Places: A Geography of American Folk and Popular Music (Lanham, Md., 1994)
Carney	George O.	“Country Music and the Radio: A Historical Geographic Assessment, Rocky Mountain Social Science Journal 11(January 1974),
Ching	Barbara	Wrong’s What I Do Best: Hard Country Music and Contemporary Culture (New York, 2001).
Chung	Haeja K. , ed.	Harriette Simpson Arnow: Critical Essays on Her Work (East Lansing, 1995).
Cook	Sylvia Jenkins	Erskine Caldwell and the Fiction of Poverty (Baton Rouge, 1991)
Cook	Sylvia Jenkins	From Tobacco Road to Route 66: The Southern Poor White in Fiction (Chapel Hill, 1976)
Country Music Foundation		Country: The Music and the Musicians
Davenport	Walter	'California, Here We Come", Colliers, (August 10, 1935), 10-11+
Di Maggio	Paul, Richard A. Peterson, and Jack Esco, Jr.	"Country Music: Ballad of the Silent Majority," in The Sounds of Social Change, R. Serge Denisoff and Richard A. Peterson, eds. (New York, 1972),
Eckley	Wilton	Harriette Arnow (New York, 1975)
Edmonds	Anthony O.	"Myths and Migrants: Images of Rural and Urban Life in Country Music," Indiana Social Studies Quarterly 28(Winter 1975/76), 67-72.
Ellison	Curtis W.	Country Music Culture: From Hard Times to Heaven (Jackson Miss., 1995)
Freedman	Alex	"The Sociology of Country Music," Southern Humanities Review 3(February 1969), 358-62.
Green	Archie	"Hillbilly Music: Source and Symbol," Journal of American Folklore 78(July-Sept. 1965) 204-28
Green	Douglas B.	Country Roots: The Origins of Country Music (New York, 1976).
Hale	Grace Elizabeth	Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890-1940 (New York, 1998), 251-84.
Harding	Susan Friend	The Book of Jerry Falwell: Fundamental Language and Politics (Princeton, N.J., 2000)
Harkins	Anthony	Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon (New York, 2004).
Hartigan	John Jr.,	Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit (Princeton, 1999)
Haslam	Gerald W.	Workin' Man Blues: Country Music in California (Berkeley, 1999)
Hemphill	Paul	The Nashville Sound: Bright Lights and Country Music (New York, 1970), 90,162
Horstman	Dorothy	Sing Your Heart Out, Country Boy (Nashville, 1996)
Jensen	Joli	The Nashville Sound: Authenticity, Commercialization, and Country Music (Nashville, 1998).
LeMasters	E.E.	Blue-Collar Aristocrats: Life-Styles at a Working-Class Tavern (Madison, 1975), 143-44.
Lund	Jens	"Fundamentalism, Racism, and Political Reaction in Country Music," in The Sounds of Social Change, R. Serge Denisoff and Richard A. Peterson, eds. (New York, 1972),
Lynn	Loretta with George Vecsey	Loretta Lynn: Coal Miner’s Daughter (Chicago, 1976).
Malone	Bill C.	Country Music U.S.A.: A Fifty Year History (Austin, 1968).
Malone	Bill C.	Don’t Get Above Your Raisin’: Country Music and the Southern Working Class (Urbana, 2002)
Malone	Bill C.	Southern Music American Music (Lexington, 1979)
McIlwaine	Shields	The Southern Poor-White from Lubberland to Tobacco Road (Norman, Ok, 1939)
McLaurin	Melton	“Country Music and the Vietnam War” in Perspective on the American South Vol. 3, ,eds. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson (New York, 1985), 145-61.
McLaurin	Melton A. and Richard A. Peterson, eds.	You Wrote My Life: Lyrical Themes in Country Music (Philadelphia, 1992)
Mell	Mildred Rutherford	"Poor Whites of the South," Social Forces 17 (Dec.1938)
Newcomb	Horace	"Appalachia on Television: Region as Symbol in American Popular Culture," Appalachia Journal 7(Fall-Winter 1979-80), 155-64
Peterson	Richard A. and Paul Di Maggio	"From Region to Class, the Changing Locus of Country Music: A Test of the Massification Hypothesis," Social Forces 53(March 1975), 497-506.
Peterson	Richard A.	Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity (Chicago,1997)
Peterson	Richard A. and Russell Davis, Jr.	"The Fertile Crescent of Country Music," Journal of Country Music (Spring 1975), 19-27
Shapiro	Henry D.	Appalachia on Our Mind: The Southern Mountains and Mountaineers in the American Consciousness, 1870-1920 (Chapel Hill, 1978)
Shindo	Charles J.	Dust Bowl Migrants in the American Imagination (Lawrence, KS, 1997).
Taylor	Paul S.	"Again the Covered Wagon" Survey Graphic, (July 1935), 348-351+
Tichi	Cecilia	High Lonesome: The American Culture of Country Music (Chapel Hill, 1994)
Tribe	Ivan M.	"The Hillbilly Versus the City: Urban Images in Country Music," John Edwards Memorial Foundation Quarterly 10( 1974), 41-51
Verschuure	Eric Peter	"Stumble, Bumble, Mumble: TV's Image of the South" Journal of Popular Culture 16, (Winter 1982), 92-96.
Wilgus	D.K.	"Country-Western Music and the Urban Hillbilly," Journal of American Folklore 83(April-June, 1970), 157-79
Williamson	J.W.	Hillbillyland: What the Movies Did to the Mountains and What the Mountains Did to the Movies (Chapel Hill, 1995)

Political Initiatives, Political Effects: Black