Stimulated abdominal connective (left/right)

Stimulated abdominal connective (up/down)

From the archives

Finite element models of Manduca sexta wings (Combes, 2002)
Manduca sexta hovering while feeding from an artificial flower (Tu and Kodziszewska)
Manduca sexta wings rotated in normal vs. low air density (Daniel and Combes, 2002)
Simulated motions of flexible, flapping wings (Combes and Daniel, 2001)
Manduca sexta tracking the position of a moving flower.(Moreno, Tu, Daniel, 2001)