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Review of Terms
Regionalism, Interdependence, and EU
1. Single European Act (SEA). Formally, an amendment to the Rome Treaty
and also a set of policy proposals for freeing the internal market
of the EC by the end of 1992. Thus, informally known as “Europe
1992 Program”. The SEA included almost 300 policy proposals to
deregulate the European market.
2. Treaty of Maastricht or Treaty of European Union. The TEU was agreed
to in December 1991 and came into existence in 1993. As with the SEA,
it amends the Rome Treaty. It provides a “pillar” for cooperation
in foreign policy and security affairs and a pillar for citizenship,
justice, and home affairs.
3. Van Gend en Loos (1963) A case decided by the European Court of Justic
(ECJ) which set forth the doctrine of direct effect. This doctrine gave
individuals certain rights and responsibilities under European law. For
example, individuals could sue in the ECJ for equal treatment in the
workplace.
4. Costa v. Enel (1964) Another case decided by the ECJ. This time it
set for the doctrine of superiority of Community law over national laws.
If the two conflicted, Community law was to be supreme.
5. Defrenne v. Sabena II (1976). Ms. Defrenne, a hostess who worked for
Sabena Airlines, (a Belgian airline company) was asked to move to another
part of the company after she reached age 40. The ECJ decided that this
treatment was unfair and in violation of Article 119 of the Rome Treaty
on “equal pay for equal work”. It was one of the first cases
to demonstrate the power of the direct effect doctrine.
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