:root {
  --uw-purple: #4b2e83;
  --uw-purple-dark: #2b2341;
  --uw-purple-soft: #ded7ea;
  --uw-gold: #b7a57a;
  --text: #26313f;
  --muted: #4f5c6e;
  --line: #ded7ea;
  --panel: #fbfafc;
  --panel-warm: #fbfaf7;
  --white: #fff;
  --shadow: none;
  --radius: 8px;
  --page-width: 1360px;
  --subpage-width: 1280px;
  --text-width: 1280px;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--text);
  font: 15.8px/1.62 "Inter", Arial, sans-serif;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
}

a {
  color: #4b2e83;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
  color: #2b2341;
}

p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  max-width: none;
}

ul {
  margin: .35rem 0 1rem 1.15rem;
  padding: 0;
}

li {
  margin: .28rem 0;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

li::marker {
  color: var(--uw-gold);
}

strong {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.wrap,
.page {
  width: min(var(--page-width), calc(100vw - 56px));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

/* Top navigation */
.nav-container {
  border-top: 4px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e1ed;
  background: #fff;
}

.quick-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.05rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: .72rem 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.quick-links li {
  margin: 0;
}

.quick-links a {
  color: #2f2448;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  padding-bottom: .18rem;
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.quick-links a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  border-bottom-color: var(--uw-gold);
}

.quick-links a:hover,
.quick-links a:focus {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

footer {
  width: min(var(--page-width), calc(100vw - 56px));
  margin: 2rem auto 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #e6e1ed;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  color: #657184;
  font-size: .9rem;
  text-align: center;
}

footer p {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Shared page skeleton */
main {
  width: 100%;
}

section.card {
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}

section.card h1,
.page-heading h1,
.vail-publications > h1:first-child,
.vail-publications > h2:first-child {
  margin: 0 0 .55rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

section.card h2 {
  margin: 2.1rem 0 .85rem;
  padding-bottom: .42rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.32rem;
  line-height: 1.28;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

section.card h3 {
  color: #2f2448;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.lead,
.section-subtitle,
.pub-intro {
  max-width: var(--text-width);
  margin: 0 0 1.15rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.section-subtitle {
  font-weight: 650;
}

.section-lead {
  max-width: var(--text-width);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.section-actions,
.more {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .45rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: .9rem;
}

.section-actions a,
.more a,
.mini-links a,
.course-links a,
.project a,
.media-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-radius: 5px;
  padding: .28rem .72rem;
  background: #fff;
  color: #3d2b68;
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.section-actions a:hover,
.more a:hover,
.mini-links a:hover,
.course-links a:hover,
.project a:hover,
.media-links a:hover {
  background: #f6f2fb;
  color: #2b2341;
}

/* Homepage layout */
.home-page .page {
  margin: 1.35rem auto 3.5rem;
}

.home-page main {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 270px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 1.65rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.home-page main > section.card:not(.hero) {
  grid-column: 2;
  max-width: 1060px;
  margin: 0 0 2.15rem;
}

.home-page main > section.card:not(.hero) h2:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.hero {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1 / span 40;
  max-width: 270px;
  padding-right: 1rem;
  border-right: 1px solid #e5e0ec;
}

.hero-grid,
.hero-left,
.hero-mid {
  display: block;
}

.hero-portrait {
  display: block;
  width: 210px;
  max-width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid #d8d0e7;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #fff;
}

.prof-name {
  margin: 1.15rem 0 .35rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.58rem;
  line-height: 1.16;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.hero-pronunciation {
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem;
  color: #59677b;
  font-size: .88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.pron-main,
.pron-sub {
  display: block;
}

.hero-list {
  margin: 0;
}

.hero-list dt {
  margin-top: .95rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.hero-list dd {
  margin: .08rem 0 0;
  color: #344052;
  font-size: .9rem;
  line-height: 1.42;
}

.hero-contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .15rem .75rem;
  margin: 1rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #e6e1ed;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e1ed;
  padding: .75rem 0;
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.profile-nav {
  margin-top: .8rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e1ed;
  padding-bottom: .7rem;
}

.profile-nav p {
  margin: 0 0 .35rem;
  color: #81748f;
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.profile-nav a {
  display: block;
  margin: .15rem 0;
  color: #4b2e83;
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.profile-nav a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.program-grid,
.selected-project-grid,
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: .85rem;
  margin-top: .9rem;
}

.research-grid,
.selected-project-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.selected-project-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.info-card,
.selected-project-card,
.r-item,
.pub-group,
.research-card,
.program-card,
.teaching-card,
.overview-card,
.media-card {
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0, #fdfcff 100%);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.info-card,
.selected-project-card,
.r-item,
.research-card,
.program-card,
.teaching-card,
.overview-card,
.pub-group {
  padding: .9rem .95rem;
}

.r-item,
.selected-project-card {
  min-height: 112px;
}

.research-flow {
  gap: 1.05rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.research-flow .r-item {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem 1.05rem;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(75, 46, 131, .035), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 42%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0, #fdfcff 100%);
}

.research-flow .r-item::after {
  content: "\2192";
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: -.74rem;
  z-index: 2;
  transform: translate(50%, -50%);
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1;
  padding: .22rem .36rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(48, 36, 73, .08);
}

.research-flow .r-item:last-child::after {
  content: none;
}

.flow-step {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: .42rem;
  color: #7a6637;
  font-size: .74rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.selected-project-card,
.overview-card {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.info-card h3,
.selected-project-card h3,
.r-item h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .32rem;
  color: #34275f;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.info-card p,
.selected-project-card p,
.r-item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #3e4858;
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.pub-badge,
.code {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: .25rem;
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.code a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.code a:hover,
.code a:focus {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.highlight-list {
  margin-left: 1.15rem;
}

.highlight-list li {
  margin: .3rem 0;
}

.bio-more-trigger {
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted currentColor;
  background: transparent;
  color: #4b2e83;
  cursor: pointer;
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.bio-more-content {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.before-uw-note,
.teaching-note,
.pulitzer-note,
.responsible-note,
.status-note {
  margin: 1rem 0 1.1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--uw-gold);
  background: var(--panel-warm);
  padding: .82rem 1rem;
  color: #4a5361;
  font-size: .94rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: none;
}

.before-uw-note h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .3rem;
  color: #34275f;
}

.compact-list {
  margin: .7rem 0 1rem 1.15rem;
}

.compact-list li {
  margin-bottom: .28rem;
  line-height: 1.48;
}

.pub-groups {
  display: grid;
  gap: .85rem;
}

.pub-group {
  display: block;
  border-top: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--uw-purple);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.pub-group h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .65rem;
  color: #34275f;
  font-size: .98rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.pub-group ul {
  display: grid;
  gap: .38rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.pub-group li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  color: #26313f;
  font-size: .94rem;
  line-height: 1.43;
}

.pub-group li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: .66em;
  width: .28rem;
  height: .28rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--uw-gold);
}

.pub-group li > a:first-child {
  color: #4b2e83;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.pub-group li > a:not(:first-child) {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 1.35rem;
  border: 1px solid #d9d1e5;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: .04rem .42rem;
  color: #3d2b68;
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub-group li > a:not(:first-child):hover {
  border-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: #f6f2fb;
}

/* Subpages */
.subpage-shell .page {
  width: min(var(--subpage-width), calc(100vw - 56px));
  margin: 1.45rem 0 3.5rem;
  margin-left: max(28px, calc(50vw - 680px));
  margin-right: auto;
}

.subpage-shell main > section.card {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 0 3rem;
  padding: 0 0 2.25rem;
}

.subpage-shell main > section.card > h1:first-child,
.subpage-shell .page-heading,
.vail-publications > h1:first-child,
.vail-publications > h2:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.subpage-shell section.card h2:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 1.6rem;
}

.subpage-shell section.card > p,
.subpage-shell .teaching-section > p,
.subpage-shell .research-page > p,
.subpage-shell .media-page > p {
  max-width: var(--text-width);
}

/* Research page */
.research-hero {
  max-width: 1120px;
}

.research-hero h1 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.research-hero p {
  max-width: 1120px;
}

.vision-list,
.direction-grid,
.active-grid,
.program-grid-detail {
  display: grid;
  gap: .95rem;
  margin-top: .95rem;
}

.vision-list,
.direction-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.active-grid,
.program-grid-detail {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.research-card p,
.program-card p {
  margin: 0 0 .7rem;
  color: #3e4858;
  line-height: 1.53;
}

.research-card,
.program-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.research-card h3,
.program-card h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.research-question {
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin: 1.05rem 0 1.35rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--uw-gold);
  border-radius: 0 7px 7px 0;
  background: var(--panel-warm);
  padding: .85rem 1.05rem .95rem;
}

.research-question span,
.card-label,
.card-index {
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-question p {
  margin: .22rem 0 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.03rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-direction-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin-top: .75rem;
}

.research-direction {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e1ed;
  padding: 1.2rem 0 1.25rem;
}

.research-direction:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.direction-index {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.research-direction h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-direction p {
  margin: 0 0 .68rem;
  max-width: 1040px;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.58;
}

.research-direction p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-direction .keywords {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .95rem;
}

.card-index,
.card-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: .35rem;
}

.program-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 40px;
  margin: 0 0 .9rem;
  border: 1px solid #e4deed;
  border-radius: 7px;
  padding: .5rem .72rem;
  background: #fff;
}

.program-logo span {
  color: #2b2341;
  font-size: .96rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
}

.program-logo small {
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.program-logo-darpa {
  border-left: 4px solid #111827;
}

.program-logo-iarpa {
  border-left: 4px solid #315f8f;
}

.program-logo-nist {
  border-left: 4px solid #0071bc;
}

.program-logo-mobility {
  border-left: 4px solid #b7a57a;
}

.program-logo-cmu {
  border-left: 4px solid #c41230;
}

.research-card ul,
.program-card ul {
  margin: .35rem 0 0 1.1rem;
}

.theme-label {
  margin: .65rem 0 .32rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.tag-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem;
  margin-top: .2rem;
}

.tag-list span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 1.55rem;
  border: 1px solid #e3ddeb;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: .18rem .52rem;
  background: #fff;
  color: #3e4858;
  font-size: .82rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.group-heading,
.media-group-title,
.course-group-heading {
  margin: 1.35rem 0 .45rem;
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.mini-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .45rem;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: .75rem;
}

/* Teaching */
.teaching-section {
  margin-top: 1.8rem;
}

.teaching-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: .95rem;
  margin: .85rem 0 1rem;
}

.pathway-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.teaching-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .4rem;
  color: #4b2e83;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.teaching-card h3 a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.teaching-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #3e4858;
  line-height: 1.52;
}

.course-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .45rem;
  margin-top: .75rem;
}

/* Miscellaneous */
.awards-service-page {
  max-width: 1120px;
}

.awards-service-page .page-heading {
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
}

.awards-service-page .lead {
  max-width: 760px;
}

.awards-service-page h3 {
  margin: 1.25rem 0 .5rem;
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.awards-service-page h2 + ul,
.awards-service-page h3 + ul,
.service-lines {
  display: grid;
  gap: .5rem;
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin: .65rem 0 1.35rem;
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.awards-service-page h2 + ul,
.awards-service-page h3 + ul {
  padding: .9rem 1rem;
  list-style: none;
}

.awards-service-page li {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: .95rem;
  line-height: 1.52;
}

.awards-service-page li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: .7em;
  width: .3rem;
  height: .3rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--uw-gold);
}

.awards-service-page li strong,
.service-lines strong {
  color: #34275f;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.service-lines {
  background: var(--panel);
  padding: .9rem 1rem;
}

.service-lines p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: none;
  color: #3e4858;
  font-size: .95rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Media */
.media-overview {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: .7rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 1.25rem;
}

.overview-card strong,
.overview-card span {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.overview-card strong {
  margin-bottom: .24rem;
  color: #34275f;
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.overview-card span {
  color: #536071;
  font-size: .84rem;
  line-height: 1.36;
}

.media-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: .95rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.05rem;
}

.media-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 318px minmax(0, 1fr);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.media-thumb {
  margin: 0;
  border-right: 1px solid #e3ddea;
  background: #fff;
}

.media-thumb img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 178px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.media-grid.reconstruction-card .media-thumb img {
  object-fit: contain;
  padding: .35rem;
}

.media-card-body {
  padding: .85rem 1rem .95rem;
}

.media-meta {
  margin: 0 0 .45rem;
  color: #4f5c6e;
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.media-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
  color: #34275f;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.32;
}

.media-card h3 a {
  color: inherit;
}

.media-card p {
  margin: 0 0 .6rem;
  color: #3e4858;
  line-height: 1.48;
  max-width: none;
}

.method-line,
.credit-line {
  font-size: .93rem;
}

.method-line strong,
.credit-line strong {
  color: #4f5c6e;
}

.media-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .4rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin: .2rem 0 0;
}

.media-links::before {
  content: "Links:";
  color: #4f5c6e;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.responsible-note {
  font-size: .88rem;
}

/* Publications */
.vail-publications {
  width: 100% !important;
}

.vail-publications > h1:first-child,
.vail-publications > h2:first-child {
  margin: 0 0 .55rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.pub-filterbar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .55rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 1.45rem;
}

.filter-chip {
  border: 1px solid #d8d0e7;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fff;
  color: #34275f;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: .42rem .86rem;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.filter-chip.active,
.filter-chip:hover {
  border-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: var(--uw-purple);
  color: #fff;
}

.publication-years {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.4rem;
}

.pub-year h3 {
  margin: .75rem 0 .65rem;
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.pub-list-container {
  display: grid;
  gap: .95rem;
}

.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 226px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
  position: relative;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ede8f4;
  padding: .5rem 0 1.15rem;
}

.pub-image {
  width: 226px;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #e3ddea;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #fff;
}

.pub-image img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.pub-content h4 {
  margin: 0 0 .35rem;
  color: #34275f;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.pub-item > .pub-content:first-child {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.pub-content h4 a {
  color: inherit;
}

.pub-authors {
  margin: .2rem 0 .3rem;
  color: #26313f;
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.43;
  max-width: 82ch;
}

.venue {
  margin: .25rem 0 .55rem;
  color: #4f5c6e;
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.43;
  max-width: 82ch;
}

.project {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .4rem;
  margin: .5rem 0;
}

.pub-tags {
  margin: .55rem 0 0;
  color: #536071;
  font-size: .86rem;
}

.pub-badge {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: .5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);
  padding: .18rem .35rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Back to top */
#back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 1.2rem;
  bottom: 1.2rem;
  width: 2.3rem;
  height: 2.3rem;
  border: 1px solid #d8d0e7;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fff;
  color: #4b2e83;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 800;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity .16s;
}

#back-to-top.show {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .wrap,
  .page,
  footer {
    width: min(calc(100% - 28px), var(--page-width));
  }

  .home-page main {
    display: block;
  }

  .hero {
    max-width: none;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e0ec;
    padding: 0 0 1rem;
  }

  .hero-portrait {
    width: 190px;
  }

  .home-page main > section.card:not(.hero) {
    max-width: none;
  }

  .subpage-shell .page {
    width: min(calc(100% - 28px), var(--subpage-width));
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  .media-overview,
  .selected-project-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .vision-list,
  .direction-grid,
  .active-grid,
  .program-grid-detail,
  .pathway-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  body {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .quick-links {
    gap: .75rem;
  }

  .home-page main,
  .subpage-shell main,
  .home-page main > section.card:not(.hero),
  .hero {
    max-width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .hero-contact a,
  .quick-links a {
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }

  section.card h1,
  .page-heading h1,
  .vail-publications > h2:first-child {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  section.card h2 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .program-grid,
  .selected-project-grid,
  .research-grid,
  .pub-group,
  .vision-list,
  .direction-grid,
  .active-grid,
  .program-grid-detail,
  .teaching-card-grid,
  .pathway-grid,
  .media-overview {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .media-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-flow .r-item::after {
    content: none;
  }

  .research-question {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: .25rem;
  }

  .media-thumb {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e3ddea;
  }

  .media-thumb img {
    min-height: 190px;
  }

  .media-card-body {
    padding: .75rem 0 0;
  }

  .pub-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .pub-image {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* MILab visual system for the personal site */
:root {
  --uw-purple: #4b2e83;
  --uw-purple-dark: #3b2466;
  --uw-gold: #85754d;
  --uw-metallic-gold: #b7a57a;
  --text: #182033;
  --muted: #4c596a;
  --text-light: #6f7785;
  --bg-light: #f6f7fa;
  --bg-soft: #fbfbfd;
  --line: #e6e3ec;
  --panel: #fbfbfd;
  --white: #fff;
  --shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(35, 24, 54, .035);
  --radius: 8px;
  --page-width: 1240px;
  --subpage-width: 1160px;
  --text-width: 940px;
  --font-heading: "Inter Tight", "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --font-body: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}

body {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.62;
  font-weight: 400;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
}

a {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.wrap,
.page {
  width: min(var(--page-width), calc(100vw - 56px));
}

.nav-container {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .98);
}

.quick-links {
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 26px;
  min-height: 74px;
  padding: 0;
}

.quick-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 74px;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 2px 0 0;
  color: #3f3a46;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}

.quick-links a[aria-current="page"] {
  border-bottom-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.quick-links a:hover,
.quick-links a:focus {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.quick-links a[aria-current="page"]:hover,
.quick-links a[aria-current="page"]:focus {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
}

.home-page .page {
  margin: 1.35rem auto 3.5rem;
}

.home-page main {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 270px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 1.65rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.home-page main > section.card:not(.hero) {
  grid-column: 2;
  max-width: 1060px;
  margin: 0 0 2.15rem;
}

.subpage-shell .page {
  width: min(var(--subpage-width), calc(100vw - 56px));
  margin: 28px auto 58px;
}

.subpage-shell main > section.card,
.home-page main > section.card:not(.hero) {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-top: 30px;
}

.subpage-shell main > section.card:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 18px;
}

section.card h1,
.page-heading h1,
.research-hero h1,
.vail-publications > h1:first-child,
.vail-publications > h2:first-child {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 34px;
  line-height: 1.12;
  font-weight: 800;
}

section.card h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.22;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.subpage-shell section.card h2 {
  margin: 34px 0 14px;
}

.lead,
.section-subtitle,
.pub-intro,
.section-lead,
.research-hero p {
  max-width: 900px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.section-subtitle {
  font-weight: 700;
}

section.card h3,
.home-page #research .home-research-direction h3,
.home-page #publications .pub-group h3,
.home-page #publications .pub-line > a,
.compact-list strong,
.highlight-list strong {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
}

.hero {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1 / span 40;
  max-width: 270px;
  padding: 0 1rem 0 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.hero-grid,
.hero-left,
.hero-mid {
  display: block;
}

.hero-portrait {
  display: block;
  width: 210px;
  max-width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid #d8d0e3;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(35, 24, 54, .1);
}

.prof-name {
  margin: 1.15rem 0 .35rem;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1.58rem;
  line-height: 1.16;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.hero-pronunciation {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.hero-list dt,
.profile-nav p,
.direction-index,
.group-heading,
.media-group-title,
.course-group-heading,
.pub-year h3,
.media-meta,
.card-index,
.card-label,
.research-question span {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
}

.hero-list dd,
.media-card p,
.research-card p,
.program-card p,
.teaching-card p,
.overview-card span,
.pub-authors,
.venue,
.pub-tags,
.service-lines p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.hero-contact {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.hero-contact a,
.profile-nav a {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.section-actions a,
.more a,
.mini-links a,
.course-links a,
.project a,
.media-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 34px;
  border: 1px solid #d8d0e3;
  border-radius: 5px;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.section-actions a:first-child,
.more a:first-child {
  border-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: var(--uw-purple);
  color: #fff;
}

.primary-actions a {
  border-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: var(--uw-purple);
  color: #fff;
}

.section-actions a:hover,
.more a:hover,
.mini-links a:hover,
.course-links a:hover,
.project a:hover,
.media-links a:hover {
  border-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: #f4f1f8;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.section-actions a:first-child:hover,
.more a:first-child:hover {
  background: var(--uw-purple-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

.primary-actions a:hover {
  background: var(--uw-purple-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

.info-card,
.selected-project-card,
.r-item,
.research-card,
.program-card,
.teaching-card,
.overview-card,
.pub-group,
.media-card,
.awards-service-page h2 + ul,
.awards-service-page h3 + ul,
.service-lines,
.research-question,
.research-direction {
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.info-card,
.selected-project-card,
.r-item,
.research-card,
.program-card,
.teaching-card,
.overview-card,
.pub-group {
  padding: 20px 22px;
}

.selected-project-card,
.overview-card {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.info-card h3,
.selected-project-card h3,
.r-item h3,
.media-card h3,
.pub-group h3,
.research-direction h3 {
  color: var(--text);
}

.before-uw-note,
.teaching-note,
.pulitzer-note,
.responsible-note,
.status-note {
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--uw-gold);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--panel);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.highlight-list li,
.compact-list li {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.research-question {
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--uw-gold);
  background: var(--panel);
  padding: 18px 20px;
}

.research-direction-list {
  gap: 16px;
}

.research-direction {
  grid-template-columns: 56px minmax(0, 1fr);
  padding: 22px 24px;
}

.media-card {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.media-card-body {
  padding: 20px 22px;
}

.media-thumb {
  border-right: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  background: var(--panel);
}

.filter-chip {
  border-radius: 6px;
  border-color: #d8d0e3;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.filter-chip.active,
.filter-chip:hover {
  border-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: var(--uw-purple);
  color: #fff;
}

.pub-list-container {
  gap: 0;
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pub-item {
  grid-template-columns: 210px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 18px 20px;
}

.pub-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-image {
  width: 210px;
  border-color: #ded7e8;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--panel);
}

.pub-content h4 {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 17px;
}

footer {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #f2f1f4;
  padding: 28px 20px;
  color: #6f7785;
  font-size: 13px;
}

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .wrap,
  .page,
  .subpage-shell .page {
    width: min(calc(100% - 36px), var(--page-width));
  }

  .quick-links {
    gap: 8px 12px;
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 12px 0;
  }

  .home-page main {
    display: block;
  }

  .hero {
    max-width: none;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: 0 0 1rem;
  }

  .home-page main > section.card:not(.hero) {
    grid-column: auto;
    max-width: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .quick-links a {
    min-height: 36px;
    padding: 0 8px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  section.card h1,
  .page-heading h1,
  .research-hero h1,
  .vail-publications > h1:first-child,
  .vail-publications > h2:first-child {
    font-size: 28px;
  }

  section.card h2 {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .research-direction,
  .pub-item,
  .media-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .pub-image {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .media-thumb {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  }
}

/* Miscellaneous page final card alignment */
.awards-service-page h2 + ul,
.awards-service-page h3 + ul,
.awards-service-page .service-lines {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin: 12px 0 28px;
  border: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--uw-purple);
  border-left: 1px solid #ded7e8;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(35, 24, 54, .035);
  padding: 20px 22px;
}

.awards-service-page h2 + ul,
.awards-service-page h3 + ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.awards-service-page li {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.awards-service-page li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: .72em;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--uw-gold);
}

.awards-service-page li strong,
.awards-service-page .service-lines strong {
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 750;
}

.awards-service-page .service-lines p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: none;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.awards-service-page h3 {
  margin: 22px 0 8px;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Notes should align to the full content column like MILab sections */
.before-uw-note,
.teaching-note,
.pulitzer-note,
.responsible-note,
.status-note {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 16px 0 22px;
}

.subpage-shell .media-page > .pulitzer-note,
.subpage-shell .media-page > .responsible-note,
.subpage-shell .media-page > .status-note {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
}

.subpage-shell .teaching-section > p,
.subpage-shell .teaching-section > .teaching-note {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
}

.teaching-overview-note p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: none;
}

.teaching-overview-note p + p {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.home-page main > #about.card {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

.home-page #research .section-lead {
  color: #182033;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-agenda {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, .7fr) minmax(0, 1.65fr);
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: stretch;
  margin-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.home-page #research .home-research-question {
  position: relative;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 20px 24px 20px 16px;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-question::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 22px;
  width: 4px;
  height: 30px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--uw-gold);
}

.home-page #research .home-research-question span {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-question p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16.5px;
  font-weight: 750;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-directions {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-direction {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.home-page #research .home-research-direction:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-direction .direction-index {
  padding-top: 2px;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-direction h3 {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 16.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-direction p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-context {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: start;
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--uw-gold);
  padding: 2px 0 2px 16px;
  color: #182033;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-context span {
  color: #6f5b2f;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  line-height: 1.45;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.home-page #research .home-research-context p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 820px;
}

.opportunity-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 34px;
  margin: 16px 0 6px;
  padding: 14px 0 2px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.opportunity-card {
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0;
}

.opportunity-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.opportunity-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.58;
  max-width: none;
}

.opportunity-card p + p {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.opportunity-actions {
  justify-content: flex-start;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.opportunity-single {
  margin: 18px 0 8px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-top: 16px;
}

.opportunity-single p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 980px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.opportunity-single p + p {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.opportunity-list-label {
  color: var(--text) !important;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.opportunity-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 28px;
  margin: 8px 0 16px;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.opportunity-list li {
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 9px 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.opportunity-list strong {
  color: var(--text);
}

.home-page #publications .pub-groups {
  gap: 26px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group {
  overflow: visible;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group h3 {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: transparent;
  padding: 18px 0 14px 18px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group h3::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 20px;
  width: 5px;
  height: 24px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--uw-purple);
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group h3 span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group ul {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) max-content;
  column-gap: 18px;
  align-items: start;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 13px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--text);
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-group li::before {
  content: none;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-line {
  display: block;
  min-width: 0;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-line > a {
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.34;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-line > a:hover,
.home-page #publications .pub-line > a:focus {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-line strong {
  font-weight: inherit;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-meta {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.3;
  white-space: normal;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  max-width: 188px;
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-actions a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #d6cde4;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0 0 2px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--uw-purple);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.home-page #publications .pub-actions a:hover,
.home-page #publications .pub-actions a:focus {
  border-bottom-color: var(--uw-purple);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--uw-purple-dark);
}

.home-page #publications .publication-actions {
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 22px;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .home-page #research .home-research-agenda {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .home-page #research .home-research-question {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .home-page #research .home-research-context {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .opportunity-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .opportunity-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .home-page #publications .pub-group li {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    row-gap: 8px;
    padding: 13px 0;
  }

  .home-page #publications .pub-actions {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    max-width: none;
  }
}