{"id":8,"date":"2007-12-19T12:43:57","date_gmt":"2007-12-19T20:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/?p=8"},"modified":"2009-06-23T14:18:35","modified_gmt":"2009-06-23T22:18:35","slug":"affective-passive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/?p=8","title":{"rendered":"Adversitive Passive"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong>\u52d5\u63fa\u3068\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u609f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304f\u3066<\/strong>\u304a\u304a\u3052\u3055\u306b\u673a\u306b\u3046\u3064\u3076\u305b\u305f\u307c\u304f\u306e\u982d\u3084\u80cc\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u985e\u304c\u3069\u3055\u3069\u3055\u3068\u843d\u3061\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\">\u91cd\u677e\u6e05\u300c\u30c1\u30de\u7537\u3068\u30ac\u30b5\u5b50\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>We do not expect, in most cases, to find an object with a verb that appears to be conjugated as a passive.  In this case, what we have is the indirect, or adversitive, passive (\u9593\u63a5\u53d7\u8eab), in which the topic\/subject of the passive verb will be affected (emotionally) negatively (in most cases) by the action, the agent of which would be marked by <em>ni<\/em> (if it appeared in the sentence.)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5c71\u7530\u3055\u3093\u306f\u5965\u3055\u3093\u306b\u9003\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mr. Yamada\u2019s wife ran away on him. (Presumably a negative.)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u592a\u90ce\u306f\u6625\u5b50\u306b\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u3092\u5438\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Taro had a cigarette smoked by Haruko (imposed) on him. (Also negative.)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u6728\u6751\u3055\u3093\u306f\u7f8e\u4eba\u306b\u6a2a\u306b\u5ea7\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3046\u308c\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mr. Kimura, having had a pretty woman sit beside him, looks happy.  Here the effect is positive.<\/p>\n<p>Usually, the agent of the event is animate and the action is volitional. There is, however, one common exception to that rule:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u50d5\u306f\u96e8\u306b\u964d\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I was rained on.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the phrase in the sentence at the top, were it an independent<br \/>\nsentence with all implied elements made explicit, would be:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u307c\u304f\u304c\u5f7c\u306b\u52d5\u63fa\u3068\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u609f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I do not want him to perceive the tumult and confusion (in my heart\/mind) (as<br \/>\nthat would bother me.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u52d5\u63fa\u3068\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u609f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304f\u306a\u304f\u3066\u304a\u304a\u3052\u3055\u306b\u673a\u306b\u3046\u3064\u3076\u305b\u305f\u307c\u304f\u306e\u982d\u3084\u80cc\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u985e\u304c\u3069\u3055\u3069\u3055\u3068\u843d\u3061\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002 \u91cd\u677e\u6e05\u300c\u30c1\u30de\u7537\u3068\u30ac\u30b5\u5b50\u300d We do not expect, in most cases, to find an object with a verb that appears to be conjugated as a passive. In this case, what we have is the indirect, or adversitive, passive (\u9593\u63a5\u53d7\u8eab), in which the topic\/subject of the passive verb will be affected (emotionally) negatively (in most cases) by the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammatical-construction","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}