{"id":13,"date":"2009-06-23T15:39:12","date_gmt":"2009-06-23T23:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/?p=13"},"modified":"2016-05-24T11:05:26","modified_gmt":"2016-05-24T18:05:26","slug":"involuntary-causative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/?p=13","title":{"rendered":"Involuntary Causative"},"content":{"rendered":"

I am referring to this construction as the “involuntary causative” because it most often describes involuntary functions, usually of the body.\u00a0 I have also seen it called the “reflexive causative” (\u518d\u5e30\u4f7f\u5f79).<\/p>\n

Consider the following sentences from the story “Uzu” by Takemoto Yoshio:<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u3044\u305f\u305a\u3089\u3059\u306a\u5b50\u4f9b\u304c\u30dd\u30c1\u30e3\u30dd\u30c1\u30e3\u3057\u305f\u982c\u3063\u307a\u305f\u3092\u8f1d\u304b\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089<\/strong>\u3001\u3057\u304d\u308a\u306b\u72d9\u3044\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001…<\/p>\n

\u677e\u7530\u306f\u84bc\u767d\u3044\u9854\u3092\u304f\u3082\u3089\u305b\u3066<\/strong>\u3001\u76f4\u88c1\u306b\u3067\u3066\u6765\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3092<\/strong>\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\u9707\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089<\/strong>\u3001\u82e6\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306a\u8868\u60c5\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u4ecb\u306f\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u30ea\u3068\u51b7\u6c57\u306e\u6d78\u307f\u51fa\u305f\u984d\u306b\u3001\u82e6\u60b6\u306e\u8272\u3092\u6d6e\u304b\u3079\u3066\u3001\u85fb\u63bb\u304d\u75b2\u308c\u305f\u4f53\u3092\u3075\u308b\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089<\/strong>\u3001\u7d76\u53eb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u5c71\u4f10\u308a\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u9054\u306f\u3001\u80fd\u9762\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9854\u3092\u786c\u308f\u5f35\u3089\u305b\u3066<\/strong>\u3001…<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Note that none of the causative verbs actually involve the subject consciously causing something to happen; in all cases, the actions are occurring involuntarily: cheeks glowing, expressions darkening, voices quaking, bodies shaking, and faces stiffening.<\/p>\n

Though this construction primarily appears with bodily reactions, it can also happen with plants, animals, and machines. This article<\/a> provides examples.<\/p>\n

How do we distinguish situations in which the action is done voluntarily from those in which it is done involuntarily?\u00a0 In almost all cases, this will reflect an involuntary action; the context should make it clear if it is voluntary.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I am referring to this construction as the “involuntary causative” because it most often describes involuntary functions, usually of the body.\u00a0 I have also seen it called the “reflexive causative” (\u518d\u5e30\u4f7f\u5f79). Consider the following sentences from the story “Uzu” by Takemoto Yoshio: \u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u3044\u305f\u305a\u3089\u3059\u306a\u5b50\u4f9b\u304c\u30dd\u30c1\u30e3\u30dd\u30c1\u30e3\u3057\u305f\u982c\u3063\u307a\u305f\u3092\u8f1d\u304b\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u3057\u304d\u308a\u306b\u72d9\u3044\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001… \u677e\u7530\u306f\u84bc\u767d\u3044\u9854\u3092\u304f\u3082\u3089\u305b\u3066\u3001\u76f4\u88c1\u306b\u3067\u3066\u6765\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3089\u304b\u9707\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u82e6\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306a\u8868\u60c5\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u4fe1\u4ecb\u306f\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u30ea\u3068\u51b7\u6c57\u306e\u6d78\u307f\u51fa\u305f\u984d\u306b\u3001\u82e6\u60b6\u306e\u8272\u3092\u6d6e\u304b\u3079\u3066\u3001\u85fb\u63bb\u304d\u75b2\u308c\u305f\u4f53\u3092\u3075\u308b\u308f\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u7d76\u53eb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002 \u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u5c71\u4f10\u308a\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u9054\u306f\u3001\u80fd\u9762\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9854\u3092\u786c\u308f\u5f35\u3089\u305b\u3066\u3001… Note that none of the causative verbs actually involve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammatical-construction","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions\/159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/tmack\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}