Animated GIF only.
Animated GIF only.
Animated GIF only.
Choose your format: GIF | MPEG
Choose your format: GIF | MPEG
Choose your format: GIF | MPEG
Animated GIF only.
Animated GIF only.
MPEG only.
|
Secular Evolution of &upsilon Andromedae -- 25,000 years of
orbital
evolution of planets c and d as viewed from two vantage points. Planet c
is
red, d is blue. Thick portions of the orbit are "above" the screen, thin
are "below". Top Left: The orbits as viewed down, along the total
angular momentum vector. Black ticks on the orbits are the longitudes of
periastron. Bottom Left:The instantaneous values of the
eccentricities
are represented by the circles. Top Right: The orbits as viewed
from Earth, but rotated into the fundamental plane. Bottom Right:
The inclinations of the orbits are repesented by the circles. The black
circle is the relative inclination. Animated GIF only. |
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Tidal Evolution of a 10 Earth Mass Planet in the
Habitable Zone -- Tidal evolution of a potentially habitable planet
orbiting a 0.15 solar mass star. The solid blue lines are the habitable
zone boundaries (assuming the orbit-averaged flux determines
habitability). The solid black curve is the planet's orbit (initially
with an eccentricity of 0.84). The dashed black line is the planet's
semi-major axis. While the semi-major axis lies between the habitable zone
boundaries, the planet is habitable. "e" is the eccentricity. Animated GIF only. |
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Near-Separatrix Motion -- Orbital evolution of
two very similar planetary configurations on either side of the boundary
between libration and circulation of major axes. The left panels show the
apsidal behavior of &upsilon And c and d from Ford et
al. (2005), and the right from Butler et
al. (2006). The top panels show the top down view (as
reported in c. 2005), with the solid lines lines representing
the orbits, dashed the longitude of periastron, and dotted the
x- and y-axes. The bottom panels show the change in the
difference of the longitudes of periastron. While the system is
near the separatrix the movie slows down. Note this animation
loops 5 times. Animated GIF only. |
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Planetary Phase Transitions for a 5 Earth-mass Planet
Orbiting VB 10 -- Orbital evolution and tidal heating rates for a
hypothetical 5 Earth-mass planet orbiting the M8V star VB 10. Colors
corresponds to different types of planets: Red are Tidal Venuses, orange
are Tidal-Insolation Venuses, purple are Insolation Venuses, brown are
Habitable Zone Venuses, yellow are Super-Ios, dark blue are Tidal Earth,
light blue are super-Europas, green are Earth Twins, and gray are
Snowballs. The line through the circle corresponds to the instantaneous
obliquity. Open circles are synchronous rotators, filled are not. The
black curves denote the insolation habitable zone of Kopparapu et al.
(2013). Choose your format: GIF | MPEG |
|
Planetary Phase Transitions for a 1 Earth-Mass
Planet Orbiting a 0.1 Solar-Mass Star -- Orbital evolution of
hypothetical 1 Earth-mass planets around a 0.1 solar-mass star. Colors
corresponds to different types of planets: Red are Tidal Venuses, orange
are Tidal-Insolation Venuses, purple are Insolation Venuses, brown are
Habitable Zone Venuses, yellow are Super-Ios, dark blue are Tidal Earth,
light blue are super-Europas, green are Earth Twins, and gray are
Snowballs. Open circles are synchronous rotators, filled are not. The
black curves denote the insolation habitable zone of Selsis et al. (2007). Choose your format: GIF | MPEG | |
Planetary Phase Transitions for a 5 Earth-Mass
Planet Orbiting Gl 581 -- Orbital evolution of
hypothetical 5 Earth-mass planets around Gl 581. Colors
correspons to different types of planets: Red are Tidal Venuses, orange
are Tidal-Insolation Venuses, purple are Insolation Venuses, brown are
Habitable Zone Venuses, yellow are Super-Ios, dark blue are Tidal Earth,
light blue are super-Europas, green are Earth Twins, and gray are
Snowballs. Open circles are synchronous rotators, filled are not. The
black curves denote the insolation habitable zone. Choose your format: GIF | MPEG |
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The Orbits of the Gl 667C Planetary System. An
Earth-year long orrery of the 7 planets orbiting Gl 667C. The green region
is the habitable zone. Red requires either extensive water cloud coverage
or a relatively dry world. Blue requires extensive carbon dioxide cloud
coverage. Animated GIF only. |
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Orbital Evolution of 2 Exoplanets in a 3:1 in a
Chaotic Resonance. The host star is Sun-like, the inner planet is
Earth-like, and the outer planet is Neptune-like, but in a 3:1 mean
motion resonance. The orbits evolve chaotically with eccentricities
reaching 0.99997 and inclinations 165 degrees. At such large
eccentricities the Earth-like planet would collide with the star, but
the simulation assumes point masses. Although this animation lasts only 1 million years, the system survives for 10 billion. Animated GIF only. |
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Evolution of the Habitable Zone of TRAPPIST-1. The dots show the orbits of
the seven planets of TRAPPIST-1, and the colored bands are the habitable zone. Green is the
conservative limits, and oragne and blue correspond to optimistic extensions. The host object is assumed
to be 9% of a solar mass and the stellar evolution models of Baraffe et al. (2016) and the
habitable zone limits of Kopparapu et al. (2013) are used to predict the limits as a function of
time. MPEG only. |