ABSTRACT: Argues that (a) ego, or self, is an organization of knowledge; (b) ego
is characterized by cognitive biases analogous to totalitarian information-control
strategies; and (c) these totalitarian-ego biases function to preserve organization
in cognitive structures. Ego's cognitive biases are egocentricity (self as the
focus of knowledge), "beneffectance" (perception of responsibility for
desired, but not undesired, outcomes), and cognitive conservatism (resistance
to cognitive change). In addition to being evident in recent studies of normal
human cognition, these 3 biases are found in actively functioning, higher level
organizations of knowledge, exemplified by theoretical paradigms in science. The
thesis that egocentricity, beneffectance, and conservatism act to preserve knowledge
organizations leads to the proposal of an intrapsychic analog of genetic evolution,
which in turn provides an alternative to prevalent motivational and information
interpretations of cognitive biases.