ABSTRACT: The authors propose that an indirect measure of self-esteem has the potential of shedding light on the relationship between personal self-esteem and ingroup favoritism. A potential indirect measure is provided by the Implicit Association Test (IAT: A. G. Greenwald et al, 1998) which assesses automatic concept-attribute associations. This chapter (1) reviews the construct validity of self-report measures of self-esteem; (2) describes how the IAT can provide an indirect measure of self-esteem; (3) discusses how the IAT may be used to further understanding between personal self-esteem and evaluation of social identity.