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International Trade

Resources

(http://faculty.washington.edu/krumme/207/internat.trade.html)

Internet Sites:

Federation of International Trade Associations (FITA)

Prof. J. Sullivan's Resource Page for INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS 300

Trade and Development Centre

International Economics [Helsinki]

Glossary of Foreign Trade Jargon

World Trade Organization

• World Trade Organization's Seattle 1999 Meetings (GTTL Site)

International Trade Administration [U.S.Department of Commerce]

• The Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce ["Providing Quality Export Assistance to U.S. Businesses"] The Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce is committed to assisting U.S. firms in realizing their export potential by providing expert counseling and advice, information on markets abroad, international contacts, and advocacy services. Around the world, the 1,400 men and women of the Commercial Service promote and protect U.S. business interests abroad.
• Import Administration
• Bureau of Export Administration The Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) promotes U.S. national and economic security and foreign policy interests by managing and enforcing the Department's security-related trade and competitiveness programs.

U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services Highlights

U.S. Census International Trade Statistics

Foreign Trade Database, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

International Trade Data Users Inc. (Franklin Lakes, N.J.)

• International Trade Data Users, Incorporated. The next program of the International Trade Data Users, Incorporated will be held December 3-4, 1996, in Seattle, Washington, at the Port of Seattle Headquarters Building, Pier 69

Internet Resources on International Trade Internet Resources on International Economics & Business. International Trade: Theory and Policy. World Trade and the U.S. Economy (Overview and Current Data) Glossary of Foreign Trade Jargon. Comparative Advantage and the Gains from Trade.

QMIB: Québec Mexico Information Bank (State University of New York) "is a business and trade information source about Québec and Mexico, consolidating information and assembling data not previously accessible through a single electronic source. The QMIB is of particular interest and use to academic institutions, businesses and other organizations for research purposes and in practical applications."

International Trade Resources (old)

International Trade Resources (new)

A Summary of the Final Act of the Uruguay Round

Developing countries and the Uruguay Round: An overview

Geneva (United Nations Trade Point Development Project) || we have a mirror site in the US

NAFTA Resources

North American Market and Nafta North American Market and NAFTA. Contents. Canada at the Heart of North America's Regional Markets. Canada-U.S. Trade: A Tradition of Preferential Access. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Trade Flow Data between Canada, USA and Mexico. (Surface Transborder Commodity Data, Bureau of Transportation Statistics)

U.S. International Trade Statistics (U.S.Census)

• Goods and Services Deficit Increases in September 1996 "The Nation's international deficit in goods and services increased to $11.3 billion in September, from $10.3 billion (revised) in August, as exports decreased and imports were virtually unchanged."
• Great Graph of U.S.Trade Imbalance! (Sept.'96)

Letter of Credit Flowchart. These are the steps involved in a letter of credit.

Washington Council on International Trade

Fair Trade Sites: [incl. social & environmental issues related to trade]

• TransFairUSA

  TransFair USA is a non-profit monitoring organization which certifies that participating traders are following fair trade guidelines. Fair traders return up to 40 percent of the retail price of an item to the producer. They work with producer co-operatives that use democratic principles to ensure that working conditions are safe and dignified, and that producers have a say in how their products are created and sold. Co-operatives are encouraged to provide benefits such as health care, child care and access to loans. They encourage producers to reinvest their profits into their communities.

• GlobalExchange

  Global Exchange is a human rights organization dedicated to promoting environmental, political, and social justice around the world. Since our founding in 1988, we have been striving to increase global awareness among the US public while building international partnerships around the world.

• Conservation International CI focuses on trying to preserve and promote awareness about the world's most endangered biodiversity through scientific programs, local awareness campaigns, and economic initiatives.

• Many Web Sites associated with the WTO Meetings in Seattle

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  Clippings:

  U.S. tariff on Canadian lumber has mixed results Seattle Times, Nov.17, 2002; By Bradley Meacham

  There [in B.C.], the tariff has encouraged relatively efficient mills to increase production of low-cost wood products to maintain the same level of profit. Their extra production has produced a glut of supply and depressed prices for some kinds of wood, hurting producers like Weyerhaeuser. The company blamed a 86 percent drop in profit during the third quarter partly on excess timber supply due to the tariff.

  China left out as U.S. prepares to allow sales of super computers to other nations; Seattle Times, Tuesday, June 8, 1999 by Peter G. Gosselin, Los Angeles Times

  WASHINGTON - The Clinton administration is preparing to loosen government controls on the sale of powerful computers to more than 100 countries only two weeks after a congressional committee accused it of carelessly permitting sales to China.

  Trade slipping on bananas, Seattle Times February 5, 1999, by Jonathan Peterson [Los Angeles Times]

  Crisis in Asia. Chaos in Russia. Turmoil in Brazil. Had enough? Well, here's one more migraine headache for the world economy: bananas. The United States and Western Europe are tangling over a fruit they barely grow, that provides them with next-to-no jobs, that matters only to a few companies and that nobody even pretends has much strategic importance."

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  Literature:

  Delener, Nejdet, editor. Ethical issues in international marketing / New York : International Business Press, c1995.
  "Ethical issues in international marketing has also been published as Journal of Euromarketing, Volume 4, Number 2, 1995"
  Contents: The growing importance of ethical issues in international marketing and their practical relevance : an introduction / Nejdet Delener -- Ethics and transnational corporations in developing countries : a social contract perspective / Hudson P. Rogers, Alphonso O. Ogbuehi, C.M Kochunny -- The impact of international gray marketing on consumers and firms / Lynette Knowles Mathur -- Ethical decision making in Turkish sales management / Arturo Z Vasquez-Parraga -- Consumer ethics in developing countries : an empirical investigation / Jamal A. Al-Khatib, Kathryn Dobie, Scott J. Vitell.
  [Business Admin General Stacks HF1416 .E84 1995]

  Dunning, John H., What's Wrong -- and Right -- with Trade Theory?" International Trade Journal. Summer 1995, pp.163-202.

  Gibb, Richard and Wieslaw Michalak, eds., Continental Trading Blocs: The Growth of Regionalism in the World Economy. Wiley 1994.

  Gomory, Ralph E. and Willliam J. Baumol. Global Trade and Conflicting National Interests. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 2000. [HF1713.G5665.2000]

  Gould, David M., "Has NAFTA Changed North American Trade?" FedDallas, Economic Review, 1st Quarter 1998

  "... explores NAFTA’s effects on North America’s trading patterns since its implementation in 1994. He finds that although it is difficult to distinguish any effect of NAFTA on trade between Canada and Mexico or Canada and the United States, trade between the United States and Mexico has significantly increased since 1994."

  Grant, Richard. "The Economic Geography of Global Trade," in: Sheppard, Eric and Trevor J. Barnes, eds., A companion to economic geography. Oxford, UK ; Malden, Mass. : Blackwell Publishers, 2000 [Chapter 25, pp.411ff.] [Suzzallo/Allen Stacks HF1025 .C66 2000]

  Hipple, F. Steb., Multinational companies in United States international trade : a statistical and analytical sourcebook. Westport, Conn. : Quorum Books, 1995. Business Admin Reference [HD2785 .H57 1995]

  Krugman, Paul R., Rethinking International Trade. Cambridge (Mass): MIT Press, 1990.

  Krugman, Paul, "What Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate About?" Journ. of Economic Literature 35(1), March 1997, 113-20.

  Leontief, Wassily W., "Domestic Production and Foreign Trade: The American Capital Position Re-examined," Proceedings of American Philosophical Society, September 1953. [reprinted in: Caves, R.E. and H.C. Johnson, eds., Readings in International Economics, 1968]

  Lewandowski, James P., The Bias of Intrafirm Trade in the Linder Trade Model, Professional Geographer, 53(4), 2001, 503-10.

  Markusen, James R., "The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory of International Trade," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9(2), Spring 1995, 169-189.

  Montgomery, C.A. and M.E.Porter, eds., Strategy: Seeking and Securing Competitive Advantage. Harvard Business Review Book. 1991 [HD30.28.S7397/BA]

  Noponen, Helzi, J. Graham and Ann R. Markusen. Trading Industries, Trading Regions: International Trade, American Industry, and Regional Economic Development. N.Y.: Guilford Press, 1993 [HC79.D5.T73]

  Ohlin, Bertil. Interregional and International Trade. Revised Edition. Cambridge (Mass.): Havard UP, 1952.

  Olsen, Erling (Earling?), International trade theory and regional income differences; United States 1880-1950, Amsterdam, North-Holland Pub. Co., 1971 [Foster General Stacks HC79.I5 O5 ] [Photo of author]

  Perdikis, Nicholas and William A. Kerr, Trade Theories and Empirical Evidence. Manchester University Press 1998. [HF1379.P47]

  Pomfret, Richard. The Economics of Regional Trading Arrangements. Oxford UP, 1997. (464pp.)

  Porter, Michael E. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. NY: Free Press. 1990.

  Rauch, James E., Business and Social Networks in International Trade, Journ. of Econ. Lit. 39(4), Dec. 2001, pp.1177-1203.

  Richardson, J.David, "Income Inequality and Trade: How to Think, What to Conclude," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9(3), Summer 1995, pp.33-55.

  Winberg, Alan R., Managing Risk and Uncertainty in International Trade: Canada's Natural Gas Exports. Boulder: Westview, 1987 [HD61.W56 1987, Suz]

  Wood, Adrian. "How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9(3), Summer 1995, pp.57-80.

  Wood, Adrian. "Give Heckscher and Ohlin a Chance!" Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130(1), 1994, 20-49.

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  David Ricardo: Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Ch.VII

  If Portugal had no commercial connexion with other countries, instead of employing a great part of her capital and industry in the production of wines, with which she purchases for her own use the cloth and hardware of other countries, she would be obliged to devote a part of that capital to the manufacture of those commodities, which she would thus obtain probably inferior in quality as well as quantity.

  The quantity of wine which she shall give in exchange for the cloth of England, is not determined by the respective quantities of labour devoted to the production of each, as it would be, if both commodities were manufactured in England, or both in Portugal.

  England may be so circumstanced, that to produce the cloth may require the labour of 100 men for one year; and if she attempted to make the wine, it might require the labour of 120 men for the same time. England would therefore find it her interest to import wine, and to purchase it by the exportation of cloth.

  To produce the wine in Portugal, might require only the labour of 80 men for one year, and to produce the cloth in the same country, might require the labour of 90 men for the same time. It would therefore be advantageous for her to export wine in exchange for cloth. This exchange might even take place, notwithstanding that the commodity imported by Portugal could be produced there with less labour than in England. Though she could make the cloth with the labour of 90 men, she would import it from a country where it required the labour of 100 men to produce it, because it would be advantageous to her rather to employ her capital in the production of wine, for which she would obtain more cloth from England, than she could produce by diverting a portion of her capital from the cultivation of vines to the manufacture of cloth.

  Thus England would give the produce of the labour of 100 men, for the produce of the labour of 80. Such an exchange could not take place between the individuals of the same country. The labour of 100 Englishmen cannot be given for that of 80 Englishmen, but the produce of the labour of 100 Englishmen may be given for the produce of the labour of 80 Portuguese, 60 Russians, or 120 East Indians. The difference in this respect, between a single country and many, is easily accounted for, by considering the difficulty with which capital moves from one country to another, to seek a more profitable employment, and the activity with which it invariably passes from one province to another in the same country.(20*)

  It would undoubtedly be advantageous to the capitalists of England, and to the consumers in both countries, that under such circumstances, the wine and the cloth should both be made in Portugal, and therefore that the capital and labour of England employed in making cloth, should be removed to Portugal for that purpose. In that case, the relative value of these commodities would be regulated by the same principle, as if one were the produce of Yorkshire, and the other of London: and in every other case, if capital freely flowed towards those countries where it could be most profitably employed, there could be no difference in the rate of profit, and no other difference in the real or labour price of commodities, than the additional quantity of labour required to convey them to the various markets where they were to be sold.

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