Darryl Holman

117 Denny Hall

206-543-7586

djholman@u.washington.edu

http://faculty.washington.edu/djholman

 

Quantitative Methods and Modeling for Biocultural Anthropology.  BIO A 526

Winter 2005

 

Scope: This course will introduce you to the concepts and methods of taking complex real-world systems and creating quantitative models of the system.  By the end of the quarter, you will have gained experience in modeling the behavior of a system, developing testable hypotheses, and using observations (taken from fieldwork or data sets) to statistically evaluate hypotheses arising from the model. We will survey some of the concepts, tools, and methods for developing models based on underlying biocultural processes, as well as the methods of testing models from observations collected in anthropological field studies.  We will focus on methods for longitudinal research of fertility, mortality, disease dynamics, population genetics, and other biocultural processes, but the concepts and methods are applicable to many other types of anthropological and biocultural research covering the life span. 

After a brief introduction to modeling, we will focus on three modeling techniques.  (1) We will briefly examine dynamic simulation models.  (2) We will spend much time on developing likelihood models. These are models that can be developed from theoretical foundations and can be fit to real data.  (3) We will examine simulation models and techniques.

Classes: Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 02:30-03:50 p.m. in 322 Parrington.

Office hours: After class.  Other times can be arranged.  You can use email anytime (djholman@u.washington.edu).

Textbook and readings: There are no required textbooks for this course.  I will, however, recommend some of the more important books for this course.  Most (if not all) readings will be provided on-line.

Grading: Your course grade will be based on six problem sets (8% each) and a final project (52%).

Problem sets: The six problem sets will consist of several modeling exercises.  Frequently, the problems will require the use of computer software.  I recommend that you get an account on the CSDE Windows network, as all the required software will be available on those systems.  Data sets and other helpful material will be available on the web site.  You are free to use books, readings, notes, and web pages to help you work on the problems.  You can work in groups, but I recommend you tackle the problems yourselves.  Grades for late problem sets will depreciate by 10% per day, including any fraction of a day late.  Problem sets are due by the beginning of the class period, one calendar week after being handed out.

There are two software programs we will be using.  The first is STELLA, a dynamic modeling and simulation program.  A limited version of STELLA is available with one of the optional textbooks or can be downloaded from http://www.hps-inc.com.  If you think STELLA will be useful for your research, a full-feature version is available at a substantial student discount from the publisher.  One CSDE terminal server has STELLA installed.

The second software package is called mle, and is written by your instructor.  You can use this program for maximum likelihood estimation and simulation programming.  The software is free from http://faculty.washington.edu/~djholman/mle.  Extensive documentation is available online.  You can download a pdf version of the documents for browsing or printing.  The mle program will also be installed on the CSDE terminal servers.  Most of the exercises that use mle can be done in other statistical programming languages (splus, R, Matlab, Gauss, Octave).  You are free to use any of these for your work under the idea that learning one such language will help you understand any other.  For the statistical programming exercises, mle will be easiest program to use, but other languages (Gauss, R, Matlab) are suitable.

Projects:  52% of your course grade will be based on a project.  This project can take one of several forms: (1) a new research proposal in preliminary form incorporating some of modeling ideas covered in the course; (2) a completed existing research or funding proposal (a proposal started in BIO A 525, for example) that is revised to include one or more of the methods covered in this course; (3) a new manuscript in which you have applied methods covered in this course; (4) a term paper in which a model is developed and explored.


Quantitative Methods and Modeling for Biocultural Anthropology.  BIO A 526, Winter 2005

Topics and schedule

Week 1

Readings: Levins (1966), Hilborn and Mangel (1997) pp. 12-38.

Jan 3       Course introduction

Jan 5       Models and the scientific method

Jan 7       Overview of some modeling techniques

Week 2

Readings: Skellam (1955), Hannon and Ruth (1997) pp. 3-27.

Optional Reading: Review Thompson and Gardner (1998) as needed.

Jan 10     Some useful mathematical tricks (PS 1 assigned)

Jan 12     How to build a model

Jan 14     Dynamic systems models I

Week 3

Readings: Sattenspiel (1990), Wood JW (1998).

Jan 17     No class – Holiday

Jan 19     Dynamic systems models II (PS 1 due; PS 2 assigned)

Jan 21     Dynamic systems models III

Week 4

Readings: Hilborn and Mangel (1997) pp. 39-93, Holman (handouts 1 & 2).

Optional Reading: Edwards (1992), Gage (1989), Konigsberg & Frankenberg (1992).

Jan 24     Probability models

Jan 26     Likelihood models I (PS 2 due)

Jan 28     Likelihood models II (PS 3 assigned)

Week 5

Readings: Raftery (1995), Holman (handout 2).

Optional Reading: Burnham and Anderson (1998).

Jan 31     Inference and model selection I

Feb 2      Inference and model selection II

Feb 4      Messy data I (PS 3 due)

Week 6

Readings: Holman (handout 3), Holman and Yamaguchi (in press), Wood et al. (1993).

Feb 7      Messy data II (PS 4 assigned)

Feb 9      Heterogeneity I – Measured covariates

Feb 11    Heterogeneity II – Hazard covariate models

Week 7

Readings: Holman (2003), Holman et al. (in press), Holman & Grimes (2003), Weinberg & Gladen (1986).

Optional Reading: Holman and Jones (1998).

Feb 14    Heterogeneity III – unobserved characteristics (PS 4 due)

Feb 16    Heterogeneity IV – Mixture models

Feb 18    Heterogeneity V – “Sterility” models (PS 5 assigned)

Week 8

Readings: Coale and McNeil (1972), Holman et al. (n.d.), Sarton-Miller et al. (2004).

Feb 21    No class – Holiday

Feb 23    Convolution models

Feb 25    Clustered observations (PS 5 due)

Week 9

Readings: Efron & Tibshirani (1991), Holman (handout 4).

Feb 28    Heterogeneity VI – time varying covariates

Mar 2      Bootstrapped estimates and other computer intensive methods

Mar 4      Simulation models I (PS 6 assigned)

Week 10

Mar 7      Simulation models II

Mar 9      Simulation models III

Mar 11    Odds and ends (PS 6 due)

Exam week

Mar 18    Projects due by 5 pm


Quantitative Methods and Modeling for Biocultural Anthropology.  BIO A 526, Winter 2005

Bibliography

Math books

Bender EA (1978) An Introduction to Mathematical Modeling.  New York: Wiley (Reprinted by Dover in 2000).

Cullen MR (1983) Mathematics for the Biosciences. New York: PWS-Kent Publishing (Reprinted by Ceramic Book and Literature Service, www.cbls.com).  [Math course for biologists]

Simon W (1972) Mathematical Techniques for Biology and Medicine.  NY: Academic Press (reprinted by Dover in 1986).  [Mathematics review for biologists—somewhat advanced]

Thompson Sp and Gardner M (1998) Calculus Made Easy.  New York: St. Martin’s Press.  [Recommended: This is a fantastically easy way to learn the most useful stuff in calculus].

Books on simulation