Locke's State of
(1)
(2) Claim right
Locke's use
of "property".
(3) Rights of self-defense
and defense of the innocent, punishment, and reparations.
What is the difference
between punishment and reparations?
What is the status of the
Golden Rule?
What is the main difference
between the state of nature and civil society?
What is the state of war?
Is the state of nature
necessarily a state of war?
How do men leave the state of
nature?
How does Locke's view on war
differ from that of Hobbes and of Hobbes's Fool (i.e, Spinoza)?
Property Rights
Are there ownership rights in
the State of
Ownership of one's own body
Any other
property?
Property in
common.
Original Acquisition: Under what circumstances does mixing one's
labor with something produce property rights in it?
How does money come into
existence?
How does the existence of
money make possible substantial inequalities of wealth?
Ownership of the products of
one's labor: Value of unimproved stuff
vs. value of improvements
What is Locke's ratio?
How do property rights in
civil society differ from State of
How does Locke differ from
Hobbes on property rights?
Paternal/Parental (pre-property), Political (protects
property), and Despotic (claims all property) Power
How does Locke distinguish
political power from paternal/parental power?
How does Locke distinguish
political power from despotical power?
What is conjugal
society? How does Locke distinguish
political power from the husband's role in conjugal society?
Why is absolute monarchy
"inconsistent with civil society"?(243)
The
difference between Locke and both Hobbes and Spinoza. How would
Locke reply to Hobbes on the issue of contracts entered into through fear?
Chapters 8 and 9:
Escaping the State of
Why do people wish to escape
the State of
Three
"wants" (i.e., things missing) in the State of
What rights are given up to
enter civil society?
How does political society
arise?
What is the goal of civil
society?
The Role of Consent
What is the role of majority
rule in political society? Why is
majority rule favored over any other alternative?
The two
objections that Locke discusses. What are they?
How does he reply to each of
them?
On Locke's account, how does
a child come to be the subject of a sovereign?
Two steps: tacit consent and express consent.
Is express consent to a
government revocable? Why or why not?
The Terms of the Original Contract
The Legislative Power:
Where does it come from?
What forms can it take?
Why is it not temporary?
What are the limits on it?
(1) Cannot be arbitrary. Why not?
What is the goal of legislation?
(2) Must rule on the basis of
promulgated, standing laws applied by known and authorized judges.
(3) No deprivation of
property without "his own consent".
Does Locke really hold that individuals have to consent to all
deprivations of property (e.g., taxes)?
(4) No transfer of
legislative powers.
Big Question: How does Locke know the terms of the Original
Contract?
Chapter 19: The
Dissolution of a Government
What is the difference between
a society and a government?
Can one be dissolved without
the other?
II. Dissolved from within: Dissolution of government (not necessarily
society):
(A) When the legislative is
altered
(B) When the legislative acts
against the trust reposed in them (i.e., against the terms of the Original
Agreement), by invading the property of subjects.
Note again that Locke seems
quite sure that he knows the terms of the Original Contract. How?
Objections:
(a) Threat to stability. How does Locke reply?
(b) Incitement to rebellion. How does Locke reply?
This doctrine is "the
best fence against rebellion"(284).
Recall the analogy to
polecats and lions (244).
Also, the analogy to robbers
and pirates (285)
The state of war
In disputes between the
prince and the people, who shall be judge?