LIS 599

Revised June 26, 1998

Methods of Research in Librarianship

Course Objectives

This course introduces research methods and elementary statistical procedures commonly used in library and information science. The stress is on comprehension and not on computation of statistics. No previous quantitative skill is assumed. All computations will be done with Minitab, an interactive statistical software program. Problem selection, study design and data interpretation are emphasized. The student will have a chance to apply class concepts to studies reported in the literature of library and information science.

Required Textbook

Minium, Edward W., King, Bruce M., & Bear, Gordon. Statistical Reasoning in Psychology and Education. Third edition. New York, NY: JohnWiley, 1993.

Statistics Textbooks on the Web:

HyperStat Online

Statistics: The Study of Stability in Variation

Berrie's Statistics Page

Statistics for the Mathematically Challenged

Supplementary Textbooks

The Kane Hall lab has several Minitab manuals.

Course Outline

[The page references are to the Minium, King & Bear book.]

1. Populations and samples; Parameters and statistics; Dependent and independent variables; Operational definitions; Scales of measurement.

Read

Chapter 1: 1 - 12

Read

Chapter 2: 15 - 24

Do

Find a study. Indicate the population(s) and sample(s) used, the dependent and independent variable(s), any operational definitions and constants, and the scales of measurement used.


2. Histograms; Frequency distribution polygons; Shapes of frequency distributions.

Skim

Chapter 4: 49 - 56, 62 - 66


3. Measures of Central Tendency: Mode, Median & Mean; Measures of Central Tendency and Skewed Distributions.

Read

Chapter 5: 71 - 82


4. Range; Standard Deviation and Variance for Samples

Read

Chapter 6: 87 - 104

Ignore

Sections: 6.2, 6.6, 6.8

Data sources for exercises:

Preliminary Public Library Statistics - 1997

Connecticut Public Library Statistics

North Carolina Public Library Statistics

Do

Find a study. Critique its use of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Are there skewed distributions? Is the coefficient of variation helpful?

"But how in the world will I find an article with measures of central tendency?"


5. Minitab


6. Random Sampling

Read

Chapter 13: 234 - 240


7. Questionnaire Design, Sampling, Research Issues

I am grateful to have used the following excellent discussion of the questionnaire as a data source:
Whitney, D.R. (1972, April). The questionnaire as a data source. (Technical Bulletin No. 13). Iowa City: University Evaluation and Examination Service. Prepared for the American Educational Research Association training session on Data Collection in Education Research and Evaluation.


8. Z scores; The z-score formula; using z-scores for comparisons.

Re-read

Chapter 6: 99 - 104

Read

Chapter 7: 109 - 124


9. Distribution of sample means; Central Limit Theorem.

Read

Chapter 13: 231 - 247


10. Hypothesis testing; Null and alternative hypotheses; Type I and II errors; Estimation with the t statistic.

Read

Chapter 14: 253 - 276

Read

Chapter 15: 283 - 295

Read

Chapter 18: 339 - 343


11. Independent samples t-test; F-test for variances; Mann-Whitney U test

Read

Chapter 16: 299 - 317

Read

Chapter 24: 479 - 482


12. Dependent samples t-test

Read

Chapter 17: 323-334

Read

Chapter 24: 488-490

Do

Find a study that presents a t-test and critique its use and presentation.

"But it'll take me days and days to find a t-test and anyway the sun is shining."


13. Chi-square goodness of fit test; Chi-square test of independence.

Read

Chapter 23: 453 - 470

Do

Find a study that presents a chi-square test and critique its use and presentation.

"But it'll take me days and days to find a chi-square test and anyway this is summer school."


14. Inferences about the Pearson Correlation Coefficients

Read

Chapter 22: 441 - 450