College of Education

University of Washington

EDC&I 505

Seminar in Curriculum & Instruction

Educational Technology and Educational Policy

 

Instructor: Prof. Stephen T. Kerr

Office: 115 Miller Hall, Box 353600

Course meets: 287 Mary Gates Hall

Telephone: (206) 685-7562

Thursday, 4:30 - 6:50 p.m.

E-mail: stkerr@u. washington.edu

Office hours: W, 1:30-3:00 p.m.; and by appointment

http://faculty.washington.edu/stkerr/

 

Session

Date

Assignment for Session

Topic in Class

1

1/10/02

---

Introductions; "policy" and educational technology

2

1/17

Light, 2001; Zhao & Conway, 2001

Two policy approaches: State and national (Technology plans; "digital divide")

3

1/24

McDonnell & Elmore, 1987; Mitchell & Encarnation, 1984

How can we describe policies? What makes a policy good or bad? How do policies differ?

4

1/31

5

2/7

TBA

Nelson: Economy of distance learning

6

2/14

[Open]

7

2/21

TBA

Warburg: Computer placement policies

Gothard-Williams: Economics of higher education and DISTANCE LEARNING conversion

8

2/28

TBA

Loeb: Technology Plans at the district level

Edmondson: Technology and Teacher Education

9

3/7

[Open]

10

3/14

Final projects due

Conclusions; final discussion of individual projects.

Handouts will be distributed in class the week prior to that in which the reading will be discussed.

1. Course Rationale and Goals

Technology has become a "buzz word" in education over the past few years. National commissions and interest groups regularly issue position papers calling for improved use of technology in schooling; the newspapers are full of stories about high-tech entrepreneurs starting their own on-line learning ventures; corporations plan to fire their entire training staffs, figuring they can do it simpler, quicker "on line." In many cases, there is a kind of desperation behind these suggestions: "If we don't incorporate technology more thoroughly -- and NOW! -- we'd better kiss out future goodbye." And the notions about increased use of technology are often linked with other ideas, images, or catch phrases -- increasing the competitiveness of graduates, surviving in a fiercely changing global economy, preparing for the society of the future, eliminating wasteful or outmoded educational practices, providing learners with the chance to work on "real-world" problems, enabling schools to meet educational standards more easily, forcing teachers to become more accountable, and so on, and so forth.

Many of these suggestions for change in how the education system does its business seem to be made quickly, in an almost casual fashion, and sometimes by people who know remarkably little about what they are urging. In some cases, multiple policies that are proposed might actually work at cross purposes to one another: changing instructional patterns to a more problem-centered mode, for example, while at the same time increasing the pervasiveness of high-stakes standardized testing of traditional learning outcomes. In many cases, the mechanisms that will lead to successful implementation of a technology-based educational policy are either ignored entirely, or are simply assumed to follow from adoption of the policy itself, with no special extra effort required. Even more rarely is it specified how the policy will interact with existing ways of doing business in schools or other educational institutions, or how the results of the policy's adoption will be determined.

This aim of this course is to explore how policy for the use of technology in education is developed, adopted, implemented, and measured. As we think about these things, we will examine policies on the federal, regional/state, and local levels, and we will look at a variety of settings -- K-12 schools, colleges and universities, private companies concerned about training of their staff, and other informal learning environments (museums, public parks and centers, etc.)

 

2. Course Content

We will consider a range of policies and institutional settings. Most of the work will be done by you who are enrolled -- this means identifying a policy, finding materials that illustrate instances or offer assessment of it, preparing a presentation about it, and making an oral presentation in class. On those occasions when you are not presenting, you will still be responsible for reading about the policy, locating additional materials about it, and coming prepared to discuss the presentation made by one of your peers.

We will begin with two general examples: state efforts to encourage wider by also purposeful use of educational technology through development and adoption of so-called "technology plans," and the concern about the possible emergence of a "digital divide" in access to and use of technology by those from disadvantaged groups in American society. Following this introduction, much of the work will fall on your shoulders. The specific requirements are outlined below.

Other possible policy questions (suggestions only -- we will add to, subtract, and modify at our initial course meeting):

1. The E-rate -- origins and impact on access to Internet services for K-12 schools

2. Distance learning programs in higher education -- approvals, accreditation, etc.

3. Computer placement policies in individual schools and districts (labs vs. classrooms)

4. Technology and standards -- Do they fit together congruently? Or are they antithetical?

5. Teacher education (and continuing education) in educational technology use

6. District funding models for educational technology (hardware update cycles, etc.)

7. Filtering software -- law (CIPA), implementation, and use

8. Economy of on-line learning in higher education

9. Evaluations of the cost effectiveness of educational technology

10. Origins and fates of fads in educational technology, from language labs to laptops

11. Commercial pressures on educational policy formation for hardware and software

12. Policy formation and development for educational technology use in business training, the military, etc.

13. Etc.

 

3. Requirements

There are three basic requirements for this course: (1) identify and make an oral presentation on one educational policy that intersects with technology use, including identification and circulation to other class members of related materials, and preparation of a brief written outline; (2) when not presenting, preparation and commentary on the presenter's materials, and identification of additional materials; and (3) prepare a final project/paper.

a. Oral presentation on a policy. Prepare a brief (10-15 minute) presentation to the class in which you identify a policy and cover the points below. One week prior to your presentation, bring to class copies (sufficient for all class members) of one item (article, sample policy, analysis of policy effectiveness, etc.) for distribution to other class members (can be a URL; max. of 20 pp.). On the day of the presentation, bring a 1-2 page outline to distribute when you do the presentation; cover the main points of your presentation, the essential points in the material you distributed, and comment on at least three other related materials. In the presentation, spend a maximum of 15 minutes discussing one or more of the following:

i. Policy goals: What is the policy intended to do with regard to technology's use in education? To/for whom? Over what period of time? Who's to pay for the costs of implementation? How do you know?(2-3 minutes).

ii. Background: What were the issues, arguments, controversies, studies, etc., that contributed to the development of the policy? (3-4 minutes).

iii. Hidden persuaders: For the policy in question, were there any hidden underlying assumptions, biases, "givens"? Were any interest groups involved in the formulation of the policy, and did they say anything about it? (3-4 minutes).

iii. Implementation: Where, how, by whom, and over what time period is the policy to be implemented? How will the implementation be supported? (2-3 minutes)

iv. Evaluation: How will the success of the policy be determined? What measures will be used? Who will collect, evaluate, analyze the results? (2-3 minutes)

v. Questions unanswered: What questions about the policy, its adoption, implementation, or evaluation, remain after your inspection of it? What do these suggest about the likelihood of its future success? (2-3 minutes)

Once you've finished your presentation, the questions you have posed (and those posed by others) should provide the basis for further class discussion, so try to make these as thought-provoking and interesting as possible!

FORMAT: 1-2 page outline of the topics noted above.

EVALUATION: Graded.

CONTRIBUTION TO COURSE GRADE: 30% (outline and oral presentation in class).

b. Comment on presenter's policy: Based on your reading of the material distributed by the presenter the previous week, prepare a list of at least three related questions to the presenter, and identify at least two additional relevant materials.

FORMAT: 3 Questions on the presenter's policy.

EVALUATION: Check-off.

CONTRIBUTION TO COURSE GRADE: 10% overall (all presenters).

c. Individual course project. An abstract should be prepared to accompany the final project or paper, and enough copies of the abstract made for distribution to each member of the class at the final session, at which time we will have a discussion of your papers and the issues they raise.

FORMAT: Typed, double-spaced, and submitted without binder or cover (or other format, as dictated by the medium chosen). All papers should be prepared in accordance with the guidelines contained in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (4th ed.). Pay special attention to the way you use headings to clarify the organization of your paper. Length: no more than 15 pages.

EVALUATION: Graded.

CONTRIBUTION TO CLASS GRADE: 60%.

A word on the oral presentations and discussions. It is important to learn how to present ideas clearly and briefly, and how to critique others' presentations incisively and positively. It is easy to criticize someone else's work; it is harder (and more important) to do so in a way that preserves that person's self-image and dignity. The most respected scholars are those who manage to combine helpful suggestions for how things might be done differently with a tone that is constructive and collegial. You should strive to attain this kind of scholarly approach in your work here!

 

4. Grading

The various requirements for the course will be weighted as follows when computing grades:

Oral presentation of policy

30%

Questions and materials -- others' presentations

10

Final paper/project

60

 

 

STK

1/10/02