Sociology 401
Population & Africa
Winter 2006 – 2007: January 4 – March 8
Instructor: Samuel Clark
E-mail: soc401@samclark.net
Office Hours: Monday 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm, 206M Savery
Lectures: Monday and Wednesday, 1:30 pm – 3:20 pm, Moore 116
Course website: http://faculty.washington.edu/samclark/Soc401
This course introduces issues in African population studies from a demographic perspective. The first half of the course is a brief historical overview of population issues in Africa, and the second half examines the impacts of HIV/AIDS on contemporary Africa.
There are no prerequisites.
Readings will be available electronically from the course web site or as handouts in class.
This is a seminar-format course in which we will read and discuss articles. There will be four types of assignment: 1) completion of assigned reading, 2) half-page summaries/opinion statements for each article read, 3) an oral presentation and 4) two short essays.
The course grade will consist of four parts: essays (25% each for a total of 50%), oral presentation (20%), opinion statements (20%) and participation (10%).
1. Caldwell, J. C. 1985. "The Social Repercussions of Colonial Rule: Demographic Aspects." Pp. 458-86 in Africa Under Colonial Domination 1880-1935, vol. VII, General History of Africa, edited by A. A. Boahen. Paris: UNESCO.
2. Fetter, B. 1990. "Demography in the Reconstruction of African Colonial History." in Demography From Scanty Evidence: Central Africa in the Colonial Era, edited by B. Fetter. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
3. Manning, P. 1994. "Local Versus Regional Impact of Slave Exports on Africa." Pp. 34-49 in African Population and Capitalism: Historical Perspectives. edited by D. D. Cordell and J. W. Gregory. Madison: The University of Madison Press.
1. Hill, K. 1990. "Demographic Estimation from Deficient or Defective Data." in Demography From Scanty Evidence: Central Africa in the Colonial Era, edited by B. Fetter. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
2. van de Walle, E. 1992. "Fertility Transition, Conscious Choice, and Numeracy." Demography, 29(4):487-502.
NO CLASS on January 15: Martin Luther King Day
1. Vallin, J. 1992. "Theories of Mortality Decline and the African Situation." Pp. 405-36 in Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by E. van de Walle, G. Pison and M. Sala-Diakanda. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Hill, A. 1993. "Trends in Childhood Mortality." Pp. 153-217 in Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by K. A. Foote, K. H. Hill and L. G. Martin. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
3. Timaeus, I. M. 1993. "Adult Mortality." Pp. 218-55 in Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by K. A. Foote, K. H. Hill and L. G. Martin. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
4. INDEPTH Network [Prepared by Samuel J. Clark]. 2002. "INDEPTH Mortality Patterns for Africa." in Population, Health, and Survival at INDEPTH Sites, vol. 1, Population and Health in Developing Countries, edited by INDEPTH Network. Ottawa: IDRC Press.
5. Grassly, N. C., J. J. C. Lewis, M. Mahy, N. Walker and I. M. Timaeus. 2004. "Comparison of Household-Survey Estimates with Projections of Mortality and Orphan Numbers in sub-Saharan Africa in the Era of HIV/AIDS." Population Studies, 58(2):207-17.
6. Timaeus, I. M. and M. Jasseh. 2004. "Adult Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys." Demography, 41(4):757-72.
1. Caldwell, J. C. and P. Caldwell. 1987. "The Cultural Context of High Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review, 13(3):409-37.
2. Caldwell, J. C., I. O. Orubuloye and P. Caldwell. 1992. "Fertility Decline in Africa: A new type of Transition." Population and Development Review, 18(2):211-42.
3. Terceira, N., S. Gregson, B. Zaba and P. R. Mason. 2003. "The Contribution of HIV to Fertility Decline in Rural Zimbabwe, 1985-2000." Population Studies, 57(2):149-64.
4. Moultrie, T. A. and I. M. Timaeus. 2003. "The South African Fertility Decline: Evidence from Two Censuses and a Demographic and Health Survey." Population Studies, 57(3):265-83.
5. Garenne, M., S. Tollman and K. Kahn. 2000. "Premarital Fertility in Rural South Africa: A Challenge to Existing Population Policy." Studies in Family Planning, 31(1):47-54.
6. Clark, S. J. In Review 2005. "Long-term Trends in Mortality and Fertility and the Effects of HIV/AIDS: An Example from Southern Zambia." Demographic Research.
1. Adepoju, A. 1988. "Migration and Urbanization in Africa: Issues and Policies." Pp. 123-38 in The States of African Demography. edited by E. van de Walle, P. O. Ohadike and M. D. Sala-Diakanda. Belgium: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP).
2. Kritz, M. M. and H. Zlotnik. 1992. "Global Interactions: Migration Systems, Processes, and Policies." Pp. 1-18 in International Migration Systems. edited by M. M. Kritz, Lim, L. Lean and Zlotnick.
3. Oucho, J. O. and W. T. S. Gould. 1993. "Internal Migration, Urbanization, and Population Distribution." Pp. 256-96 in Demographic Chage in Sub-Saharan Africa. edited by K. A. Foote, K. H. Hill and L. G. Martin. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
4. Quinn, T. 1994. "Population Migration and the Spread of Types 1 and 2 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91(7):24-7-2414.
5. Perrin, L., L. Kaiser and S. Yerly. 2003. "Travel and the Spread of HIV-1 Genetic Variants." Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3:22-7.
6. Clark, S. J., M. A. Collinson, K. Kahn, K. Drullinger and S. M. Tollman. In Review 2005. "Returning Home to Die: Circular Labor Migration and Mortality in Northeast South Africa." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.
Essay #1, DUE Friday February 9, 5:00pm Room 206M Savery Hall: Write a 5-10 page essay on either fertility or mortality in Africa. Summarize the material you have read and identify major questions that still need to be answered. You should briefly indicate why population and health research in Africa is challenging and perhaps suggest potential solutions to these challenges. This essay will be primarily graded on your ability to construct a brief, well-organized piece of writing that clearly conveys the ideas you wish to express. I want to see that you can think clearly and write well. Given the introductory nature of this course, the content is less important.
1. Salomon, Joshua A. and Christopher J. L. Murray. 2002. "The Epidemiologic Transition Revisited: Compositional Models for Causes of Death by Age and Sex." Population and Development Review, 28(2):205-28.
2. Singer, Max. 2002. "Uncertainties in the Composition of World Population in the Twenty-First Century." Population and Development Review, 28(3):539-48.
1. Auvert, Bertran, Dirk Taljaard, Emmanuel Lagarde, Joelle Sobngwi-Tambekou, Remi Sitta and Adrian Puren. 2005. "Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial." PLoS Medicine, 2(11):1112-22. <www.plosmedicine.org>.
2. Buve, A., M. Carael, R.J. Hayes, B. Auvert, B. Ferry, N.J. Robinson, S. Anagonou, L. Kanhonou, M. Laourou, S. Abega, et al. 2001. "The multicentre study on factors determining the differential spread of HIV in four African cities: summary and conclusions." AIDS, 15(Supplement 4):S127-S31.
3. Carael, M. and King K. Holmes. 2001. "Dynamics of HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: Introduction." AIDS, 15(Supplement 4):S1-S4.
4. Ferry, B., M. Carael, A. Buve, B. Auvert, M. Laourou, L. Kanhonou, M. de Loenzien, E. Akam, J. chege and F. Kaona. 2001. "Comparison of key parameters of sexual behaviour in four African urban populations with different levels of HIV infection." AIDS, 15(Supplement 4):S41-S50.
5. Glynn, J.R., M. Carael, B. Auvert, M. Kahindo, J. Chege, R. Musonda, F. Kaona and A. Buve. 2001. "Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya an Ndola, Zambia." AIDS, 15(Supplement 4):S51-S60.
6. Lagarde, Emmanuel, Bertran Auvert, Michel Carael, Martin Laourou, Benoit Ferry, Evina Akam, Tom Sukwa, Lina Morison, Bertrand Maury, Jane Chege, et al. 2001. "Concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV prevalence in five urban communities of sub-Saharan Africa." AIDS, 15:877-84.
NO CLASS on February 19: President’s Day
1. Bracher, Michael, Gigi Santow and Susan Cotts Watkins. 2003. ""Moving" and Marrying: Modelling HIV Infection among Newly-weds in Malawi." Demographic Research, Special Collection 1(Article 7).
2. Clark, Samuel J. 2005 Submitted. "Demographic Impacts of the HIV Epidemic and Consequences of Population-wide Treatment of HIV for the Elderly: Results from Microsimulation." in Aging in Africa. edited by Committee on Population of the National Academy of Sciences. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences.
3. Heuveline, Patrick. 2003. "HIV and Population Dynamics: A General Model and Maximum-Likelihood Standards for East Africa." Demography, 40(2):217-45.
4. Johnson, Leigh F. and Rob E. Dorrington. 2005. "Modelling the demogrpahic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa and the likely impact of interventions". Working Paper, CARE Working Papers. Faculty of Commerce. Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape town.
5. The UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. 2002. "Improved methods and assumptions for estimation the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact: Recommendations of the UNAIDS Reference Group Estimates, Modelling and Projections." AIDS, 16:W1-W14.
Oral Presentations: During week nine three students will give oral presentations each day. Pick one of the papers we have read this term and prepare a 20 minute presentation for the class. You should construct your presentation well in advance and practice it several times so that you feel confident moving through it before you give it in class. The presentation can use Powerpoint or the chalk board. The presentation should:
1. Identify the main questions or themes discussed by the paper
2. Summarize the argument or methods presented in the paper:
a. Data
b. Method
3. Discuss the results or conclusions of the paper
4. Criticize the paper and suggest natural extensions of the work
Essay #2, DUE Friday March 9, 5:00pm Room 206M Savery Hall: Write a 5-10 page essay on the impact of HIV on Africa. Summarize the material you have read and identify major questions that still need to be answered. This essay will be primarily graded on your ability to construct a brief, well-organized piece of writing that clearly conveys the ideas you wish to express. I want to see that you can think clearly and write well. Given the introductory nature of this course, the content is less important.