Regarding Websites:

Web research can be very useful and lead to much useful and important information. While every effort has been made to list only "reliable" sites, researchers should be aware that control of sites change (often without notice) from time to time and, thus, the reliability and point of view of the website may change (for better or worse). One of the best uses of web information is to locate good primary and secondary sources that should be directly examined. Websites also go out of existence, so, for scholarly work, they are not reliable sources, like a published work which, presumably, will always be available in some library (Library of Congress) for examination. Beware especially of quoting or otherwise relying upon unidentified opinions found on websites.

Basic guide to web research:

1. Use your library BEFORE you start your web research. You will learn many terms that will be useful in your web research. You should read at least one good, broad secondary source on the subject before starting your research.

2. Learn how to do web research. Google has a very good set of instructions. USE THEM!

3. Know the site you are using. Find out who is responsible for it. An example of a very good site is the Avalon Project at the Yale Law School (use Google to find it.)

4. Find the original printed source of the information given on the site. You may have to use your library sources or a research librarian to help you. Cite both the internet source and the printed source.

Research Guides and Resources - African American Urban History in the West

General - go to: African American History - Research Guides and Websites

African American

• University of Washington Web Gateway to African American Studies

• African American Studies Library Research Guide

• Black Oral History Collection at WSU

Gateways  (listing many internet links – great research tool)   

• The AFRICAN-AMERICAN MOSAIC - A Library of Congress Resource Guide for the Study of Black History & Culture

• PEOPLE OF COLOR ON AMERICA'S WESTERN FRONTIER - comprehensive site with many references, links and primary sources

• President Truman and the Desegregation of the Armed Forces 
  Truman Presidential Museum and Library

• The Double V Campaign  World War II campaign for civil rights

• Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, Inc.
  This site dedicated to the influencing of Black images portrayed in film and television through education, the nurturing of current independent Filmmakers, and the preservation of contributions by African American artists both before and behind the camera.

• NAACP Online  Homepage of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

The Black West

• African American Archeology in the West--19th Century Virginia City, Nevada

• African Americans on the North American Frontier - 1528 - 1864

• African Americans - Black Indians

• The British Columbia Black History Awareness Society

• Bay Area Blacks, Their Political Activism, Labor and Living, 1915-1941

• Black Fur Traders and Frontiersmen

• WestWeb: African-Americans in the West

• African Americans and the Old West

• African and Asian/Pacific American West

• African Americans, Old West Bibliography, Social Sciences ...

• The Civil War in Indian Territory Index Page

• Idaho Black History Museum

• SEMINOLE-NEGRO INDIAN SCOUTS: Revised with photos

• Texas Seminole Scouts

• In the Steps of Esteban: Tucson's African American Heritage
• Charlotta Bass and the California Eagle

• African Americans - Black Indians

• Journal of Negro History *
  Complete online full-text, 1916-1996 - another incredible span of years for this important African American research journal. From J-Stor; includes powerful search engine.

• Western Journal of Black Studies
  Online index to this well-known literary research journal; includes links to the reference sections of articles from 1977-present. Some sections are available to online subscribers only; subscriptions available to individuals for a fee. Copies of this journal, 1997-present, are available

• 
  REGIONAL AFRICAN AMERICAN RESEARCH AND THE AVAILABLITY OF PRIMARY RESOURCES
  This site has specific information on Blacks in the Pacific Northwest such as the Seattle Urban League Records, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Papers, the Black United Fund of Oregon.

• THE CALIFORNIA UNDERGROUND RAILROAD—A DIGITAL ARCHIVE
  This is a source for information pertaining to slavery in the “free state” of California. One of the featured sources is the African American newspaper, the Elevator (San Francisco)

• National Park Service Research and Education: Bibliographic Essay on the American West

Buffalo Soldiers

• A Historic Context for the African-American Military Experience

• The International Museum of the Horse - Short History

• Buffalo Soldiers & Indian Wars - Excellent comprehensive site with many links - real player video of 25th Infantry in the Spanish American War

• Indian War Medal of Honor Recipients - African Americans & Indian Scouts

• Indian Scout Cemetery Kinney County Texas

• Buffalo Soldiers National Museum, Houston

• Cathy Williams The Only Female Buffalo Soldier,1866

• "Wild Buffaloes"

• Seminole-Negro Indian Scouts: Revised with Photos

• Buffalo Soldiers and Black Cowboys

Southwest Association of Buffalo Soldiers, Inc.

• Texas Seminole Scouts

Notable Other Resources

• Digital Schomburg: Images of African Americans from the 19th Century
  One of many noteworthy projects from the Schomburg Center, this digital photo album is searchable by broad category (such as "family," "education," "civil war," or by keywords. Also included are brief essays that give an introduction to the photographs, as well as the broader topic of searching the past.

• Dred Scott Digital Project
  Digitized documents, full text transcriptions, portraits, chronology, and other research materials on the Dred Scott case. From Washington University Libraries.

African-Americans

• To General African-American History Links

• African-Americans in Texas

• African-Americans in the West - Late 19th Century

General African-American History Links:

• Black Military History

• African-Americans on the Internet

• Black Civil War Soldiers of the Trans-Mississippi West

• African-Americans in the West

African-Americans in Texas

• Texas African American Photo Archive

• Tarrant County African-American Firsts

• Virtual Texan - Portraits of Slavery

• Handbook of Texas Online: African-Americans

• Correspondence Concerning Slavery in Texas

• Handbook of Texas Online: Slavery

• Rhone Family (African-Americans, 1886-1971)

• Juneteenth

• Black History in Denton

• Handbook on Texas: Mansfield Desegregation Incident History

• African-Americans and the Battle for the Alamo

• African-Americans in the Texas Revolutionary War

• Handbook of Texas - African-Americans

• Partial Listing of African-Americans Lynched in Texas

• African-Americans in Texas

• The Black Watch of Texas

• Black Seminoles of Texas

• Seminole-Negro Indian Scouts

• Afro-Mexicans

• The Ashworth Family

• Jefferson County's Role During the Texas Revolution

• Texan African-Americans - Spanish Colonial Period to Statehood

• Levi Jordan Plantation

• Everything They Owned - Levi Jordan Plantation

African-Americans in the West - Late 19th Century

• Buffalo Soldiers

• Nicodemus, Kansas: African-Americans

• People of Color on the Western Frontier

• Through My Grandfather's Eyes: An African-American Soldier in the Filipino War

  Tulsa Burning (1920)

• Seattle Times - Martin Luther King, Jr.

• Appreciation to: Susan A. Vega García, Cade Library, Southern University and A&M College

• El Centro College History Department