History 498F Colloquium in History:
Race, Ethnicity in the Urban West
Selected Supplemental Readings

People of Color in the Urban West

The books, articles and dissertations listed below are not part of your regular reading assignment. However they can serve as useful supplements should you decide to delve more deeply into a particular topic in the history of People of Color in the West.  They are also excellent sources of general information for your research papers.  Most of these references can be found in the UW libraries, various area bookstores, or can be obtained through interlibrary loan.

General Reference:

Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas, 1528-1971 (1973)

Mario Barrera, Race and Class in the Southwest: A Theory of Racial Inequality (1979)

Sucheng Chan, Asian Americans: An Interpretive History (1991)

____________, Douglas Henry Daniels, Mario T. Garcia, and Terry P. Wilson, eds., Peoples of Color in the American West (1994)

Bong-Youn Choy, Koreans in America (1979)

Carlos E. Cortes, Arlin I. Ginsburg, Alan W.F. Green and James A. Joseph, eds., Three Perspectives on Ethnicity in America (1976)

Roger Daniels, Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States since 1850 (1988)

Lawrence B. de Graaf, Kevin Mulroy and Quintard Taylor, eds., Seeking El Dorado: African Americans in California (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001)

Ellen Carol DuBois and Vicki L. Ruiz, ed., Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women's History (1990)

Carey McWilliams, North From Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States (1968)

Michael Omi and Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States (1986)

Earl Pomeroy, The Pacific Slope: A History of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada (1991)

Paul R. Spickard, Japanese Americans: The Formation and Transformations of an Ethnic Group (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996)

Ronald Takaki, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America (1993)

Quintard Taylor, In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528-1990 (1998)

Quintard Taylor and Shirley Ann Wilson Moore, African American Women Confront the West, 1600-2000 (2003)

Richard White, "Race Relations in the American West," American Quarter­ly 38 (1986): 394-416.

Ruthe Winegarten, Black Texas Women: 150 Years of Trial and Triumph (1995)

Colonial New Spain:

Henry F. Dobyns, Spanish Colonial Tucson: A Demographic History (1976)

Gilberto Miguel Hinojosa, A Borderlands Town in Transition: Laredo, 1755-1870 (1983)

Oakah L. Jones, Jr., Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain (1979)

Colin Palmer, Slaves of the White God: Blacks in Mexico, 1570-1650 (1976)

George Harwood Phillips, “Indians in Los Angeles, 1781-1875: Economic Integration, Social Disintegration,” Pacific Historical Review 49:3 (August 1980):427-451

Gerald Poyo, Community and Identity on a Borderlands Frontier: Tejano Origins in Eighteenth-Century San Antonio de Bexar (1991)

Jesus F. de la Teja, San Antonio De Bexar: A Community on New Spain's Northern Frontier (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995)

David J. Weber, ed., New Spain's Far Northern Frontier: Essays on Spain in the American West, 1540-1821 (1979)

Antebellum Period:

Najia Aarim-Heriot, Chinese Immigrants, African Americans, and Racial Anxiety in the United States, 1848-82 (2003)

Lonnie G. Bunch, Black Angelenos: The Afro-American in Los Angeles, 1850-1950 (1988)

Albert M. Camarillo, Chicanos in a Changing Society: From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930 (1979)

Yong Chen, Chinese San Francisco, 1850-1943: A Trans-Pacific Community (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000)

Lawrence P. Crouchett, Lonnie G. Bunch, and Martha Kendall Winnacker, Visions Toward Tomorrow: The History of the East Bay Afro-American Communi­ty, 1852-1977 (1989)

Arnoldo De Leon, They Called them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821-1900 (1983)

Neil Foley, The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture (1997)

Mifflin W. Gibbs, Shadow and Light (Washington, D.C., Privately Printed, 1902)

Deena J. Gonzalez, Refusing the Favor: The Spanish-Mexican Women of Santa Fe, 1820-1880 (1999)

Richard Griswold del Castillo, The Los Angeles Barrio, 1850-1890 (1979)

_______________________, La Familia: Chicano Families in the Urban Southwest, 1848 to the Present (1984)

David G. Gutierrez, Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity (1995)

Alexandra Harmon, Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound (1998)

Donald E. Hausler, Blacks in Oakland: 1852-1987 (Oakland, 1987), 3 vols.

Rudolph M. Lapp, Blacks in Gold Rush California (1977)

Elizabeth McLagan, A Peculiar Paradise: A History of Blacks in Oregon, 1788-1940 (1980)

Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico: The Spanish Speaking People of the United States (1948)

Douglas Monroy, Thrown Among Strangers: The Making of Mexican Culture in Frontier California (1990)

David Montejano, Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas: 1836-1986 (1987)

Esther Hall Mumford, Seattle's Black Victorians, 1852-1901 (1980)

Quintard Taylor, The Forging of a Black Community: Seattle’s Central District from 1870 Through the Civil Rights Era (1994)

Judy Yung, Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995)

David J. Weber, The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846: The American Southwest Under Mexico (1982)

David J. Weber, ed., Foreigners in Their Native Land: Historical Roots of the Mexican Americans (1973)

Charles Wollenberg, All Deliberate Speed: Segregation and Exclusion in California Schools, 1855-1975 (1975)

Robert E. Wynne, Reaction to the Chinese in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia, 1850-1919 (1978)

Marie Rose Wong, Sweet Cakes, Long Journey: The Chinatowns of Portland, Oregon (2004)

Post-Bellum Era:

Thomas C. Cox, Blacks in Topeka, Kansas, 1865-1915 (1982)

Norman L. Crockett, The Black Towns (1979)

Kenneth M. Hamilton, Black Towns and Profit: Promotion and Development in the Trans-Appalachian West, 1877-1915 (1991)

Douglas Henry Daniels, Pioneer Urbanites: A Social and Cultural History of Black San Francisco (1980)

Joseph Franklin, All Through the Night: The History of Spokane Black Ameri­cans, 1860-1940 (1989)

Chris Friday, Organizing Asian American Labor: The Pacific Coast Canned Salmon Industry, 1870-1942 (1994)

Linda Tamura, The Hood River Issei: An Oral History of Japanese Settlers in Oregon’s Hood River Valley (1993)

Mario T. Garcia, Desert Immigrants: The Mexicans of El Paso, 1880-1920 (1981)

Clarence E. Glick, Sojourners and Settlers: Chinese Migrants in Hawaii (1980)

Richard E. Harris, The First 100 Years: A History of Arizona Blacks (1990)

Yuji Ichioka, The Issei: The World of the First Generation Japanese Immigrants, 1885-1924 (1988)

Rudolph M. Lapp, Afro-Americans in California (1987)

Robert H. Lister, The Chinese of Early Tucson: Historic Archaeology from the Tucson Urban Renewal Project (1989)

Bradford Luckingham, Minorities in Phoenix: A Profile of Mexican American, Chinese American, and African American Communities, 1860-1992 (1994)

James C. Mohr, Plague and Fire: Battling Black Death and the 1900 Burning of Honolulu’s Chinatown (2005)

Stephen J. Pitti, The Devil in Silicon Valley: Northern California, Race, and Mexican Americans (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003)

Mary Romero, "El Paso Salt War: Mob Action or Political Struggle?" Aztlan: International Journal of Chicano Studies Research 16:1 (1985):119-143.

Ricardo Romo, East Los Angeles: History of a Barrio (1981)

Elmer R. Rusco, "Good Time Coming?" Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century (1975)

Nayan Shah, Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown (2001)

Roberto Suro, Strangers Among Us: Latino Lives in A Changing America (1998)

K. Scott Wong and Sucheng Chan, Claiming America: Constructing Chinese American Identities during the Exclusion Era (1998)

Randall Bennett Woods, A Black Odyssey: John Lewis Waller and the Promise of American Life, 1878-1900 (1981)

Liping Zhu and Rose Estep Fosha, Ethnic Oasis: The Chinese in the Black Hills (2004)

Early 20^th Century to 1941

Douglas Monroy, Rebirth: Mexican Los Angeles From the Great Migration to the Great Depression (1999)

William Deverell, Whitewashed Adobe: The Rise of Los Angeles and the Remaking of its Mexican Past (2004)

Edna Bonacich and John Modell, The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American Community (1980)

Albert S. Broussard, Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900-1954 (1993)

Catherine Ceniza Choy, Empire of Care: Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History (2003)

Dorothy B. Fujita-Rony, American Workers: Colonial Power: Philippine Seattle and the Transpacific West, 1919-1941 (2003)

Ernesto Galarza, Barrio Boy (1971)

Manuel Gamio, The Mexican Immigrant: His Life-Story (1931)

Mario T. Garcia, Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, and Identity, 1930-1960 (1990)

Richard A. Garcia, Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class: San Antonio, 1929-1941 (College Station: Texas A. & M. University Press, 1991)

Shelly Hale, "The Black Population in Pocatello, Idaho," The Western Journal of Black Studies 9:1 (1985):10-16

Yuji Ichioka, "Amerika Nadeshiko: Japanese Immigrant Women in the United States, 1900-1924," Pacific Historical Review 49:2 (May 1980):339-357

Lon Kurashige, Japanese American Celebration and Conflict: A History of Ethnic Identity and Festival in Los Angeles, 1934-1990 (2002)

Ivan H. Light, Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare Among Chinese, Japanese and Blacks (1972)

John Modell, The Economics and Politics of Racial Accommodation: The Japanese of Los Angeles, 1900-1942 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977)

Lewis Merriam, The Problem of Indian Administration (1928)

S. Frank Miyamoto, "The Japanese Minority in the Pacific Northwest," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 54:4 (October 1963):143-149

F. Arturo Rosales, "Shifting Self-Perceptions and Ethnic Consciousness Among Mexicans in Houston, 1908-1946," Aztlan 16:1-2 (1987):71-94

Vicki L. Ruiz, Cannery Women , Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950 (1987)

George J. Sanchez, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)

Arnold Shankman, "Black on Yellow: African Americans View Chinese Americans, 1850-1935," Phylon 39 (Spring 1978):1-17.

Arnold Shankman, "The Image of Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the Black Press, 1890-1935," Journal of Ethnic Studies 3 (Summer 1975):43-56.

J. Alexander Somerville, Man of Color: An Autobiography (1949)

Monica Sone, Nisei Daughter (1944)

Paul R. Spickard, "Not Just the Quiet People: The Nisei Underclass," Pacific Historical Review 68:1 (February 1999):78-94

T. Earl Sullenger, and J. Harvey Kerns, The Negro in Omaha: A Social Study of Negro Development (1931)

Emory J. Tolbert, The UNIA and Black Los Angeles: Ideology and Community in the American Garvey Movement, (1980)

Booker T. Washington, "The Race Problem in Arizona," The Independent 71 (October 1911):909-913.

Joan Weibel-Orlando, Indian Country, L.A.: Maintaining Ethnic Community in Complex Society (1991)

Roy H. Williams and Kevin J. Shay, Time Change: An Alternative View of the History of Dallas (1991)

George Yoshida, Reminiscing in Swingtime: Japanese Americans in American Popular Music: 1925-1960 (1997)

Maceo C. Dailey, Jr., Wheresoever My People Chance to Dwell: Oral Interviews with African American Women of El Paso (2000)

William H. Wilson, Hamilton Park: A Planned Black Community in Dallas (1998)

Alan B. Govenar and Jay F. Brakefield, Deep Ellum and Central Track: Where the Black and White Worlds of Dallas Converged (1998)

Douglas Flamming, Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America (2005)

Shirley Ann Wilson Moore, To Place Our Deeds: The African American Community in Richmond, California, 1910-1963 (2001)

World War II:

Angelo Herndon, ed., The Negro Quarterly 2:1 and 2 (1944) Special Issue, "The South Moves West" on the migration of blacks to Portland, Seattle and other west coast cities.

Beth Bailey and David Farber, The First Strange Place: Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992)

Carl Allsup, "Education is Our Freedom: The American G.I. Forum and the Mexican American School Segregation in Texas, 1948-1957," Aztlan: International Journal of Chicano Studies Research 8:(Spring, Summer, Fall 1977):27-50

Alison R. Bernstein, American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era of Indian Affairs (1991)

Erasmo Gamboa, Mexican Labor and World War II Braceros in the Pacific Northwest, 1942-1947 (1990)

Juan Gomez-Quinones, Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940-1990 (1990)

Broderick H. Johnson, ed., Navajos and World War II (1977)

Gretchen Lemke-Santangelo, Abiding Courage: African American Migrant Women and the East Bay Community (1996)

Kevin Leonard, "Years of Hope, Days of Fear: The Impact of World War II on Race Relations in Los Angeles," (PhD. Dissertation, UC-Davis, 1992)

Mauricio Mazon, The Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation (1984)

David Montejano, "The Demise of 'Jim Crow' for Texas Mexicans, 1940-1970," Aztlan: International Journal of Chicano Studies Research 16:1 (1985):27-69

Greg Robinson, By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans (2001)

Lawrence P. Crouchett, William Byron Rumford: The Life and Public Services of a California Legislator (1984)

The 1950s and 1960s:

Horace R. Cayton, Jr., Long Old Road: An Autobiography (1963)

Gilbert G. Gonzales, Chicano Education in the Era of Segregation (1990)

William Henry Kellar, Make Haste Slowly: Moderates, Conservatives and School Desegregation in Houston (1999)

Rodolfo Acuna, Occupied America: The Chicano's Struggle Toward Liberation (1972)

Warren M. Banner and Theodora M. Dyer, Economic and Cultural Progress of the Negro, Phoenix, Arizona (New York: National Urban League, 1965)

Paul Bullock, ed., Watts, The Aftermath: An Inside View of the Ghetto, By the People of Watts (1969)

Albert M. Camarillo, "Chicano Urban History: A Study of Compton's Barrio, 1936-1970," Aztlan: International Journal of Chicano Studies Research 2:2 (Fall 1971): 79-106.

Jerry Cohen and William S. Murphy, Burn, Baby, Burn:  The Los Angeles Race Riot August, 1965, (1966)

John Crow, Discrimination, Poverty and the Negro: Arizona in the National Context (1968)

Chandler Davidson, Biracial Politics: Conflict and Coalition in the Metropolitan South (1972) [on Houston]

Adam Fortunate Eagle, "Urban Indians and the Occupation of Alcatraz Island," American Indian Culture and Research Journal 18:4 (1994):33-58

Karen Tranberg Hansen, “Ethnic Group Policy and the Politics of Sex: The Seattle Indian Case,” Urban Anthropology 8:1 (Spring 1979):29-47.

Hazel W. Hertzberg, The Search for an American Indian Identity: Pan-Indian Movements (1971)

Gerald Horne, Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s (1995)

Marguerite V. Marin, Social Protest in an Urban Barrio: A Study of the Chicano Movement, 1966-1974 (1991)

Elaine M. Neils, Reservation to City: Indian Migration and Federal Relocation (1971)

Northwood, Lawrence King, and Barth, Ernest A.T., Urban Desegregation: Negro Pioneers and their White Neighbors [on Seattle] (Seattle, 1965)

Kenneth R. Philp, "Stride Toward Freedom: The Relocation of Indians to the Cities," Western Historical Quarterly 16:2 (April 1985):175-190.

John A. Price, "The Migration and Adaptation of American Indians to Los Angeles," Human Organization 27:2 (Summer 1968):168-175

Nicholas G. Rosenthal, “Repositioning Indianess: Native American Organization in Portland, Oregon, 1959-1975,” Pacific Historical Review 71:3 (August 2002):415-438

Nancy Shoemaker, "Urban Indians and Ethnic Choices: American Indian Organizations in Minneapolis, 1920-1950," Western Historical Quarterly 19:4 (November 1988):431-477.

Doug Chin, Seattle’s International District: The Making of a Pan-Asian American Community (2001)

Edward C. Hayes, Power Structure and Urban Policy: Who Rules in Oakland? (1972) 

Gretchen Cassel Eick, Dissent in Wichita: The Civil Rights Movement in the Midwest, 1954-72 (2001)

Scot Brown, Fighting for US: Maulana Karenga, the US Organization and Black Cultural Nationalism (2003)

Ronald V. Dellums, Lying Down with the Lions: A Public Life from the Streets of Oakland to the Halls of Power (2000)

Mary Beth Rogers, Barbara Jordan: American Hero (1998)

James Richardson, Willie Brown: A Biography (1996)

Post-1975:

Helen Zia, Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People (2000)

Nancy Abelmann and John Lie, Blue Dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles Riots (1995)

Shirley Achor, Mexican Americans in a Dallas Barrio (1977)

Charlotta A. Bass, Forty Years: Memoirs From the Pages of a Newspaper (1960)

Howard Beeth and Cary D. Wintz, Black Dixie: Afro-Texan History and Culture in Houston (1992)

Ned Blackhawk, “I Can Carry On From Here: The Relocation of American Indians to Los Angeles,” Wicazo Sa Review   11:3 (Fall 1995):16-30

Rufus Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall and David H. Tabb, eds., Protest Is Not Enough: The Struggle of Blacks and Hispanics for Equality in the United States (1984)

Robert D. Bullard, Invisible Houston: The Black Experience in Boom and Bust (1987)

Arnoldo De Leon, Ethnicity in the Sunbelt: A History of Mexican Americans in Houston (1989)

Yen Le Espiritu, Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992)

Doris Fine, When Leadership Fails: Desegregation and Demoralization in the San Francisco Schools (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1986)

Donald L. Fixico, The Urban Indian Experience In America, (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000)

Robert Gooding-Williams, ed., Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising (New York: Routledge, 1993)

Kwang Chung Kim and Won Moo Hurh, "Korean Americans and the 'Success' Image: A Critique," Amerasia Journal 10:2 (1983)

Carlos Munoz, Jr., Youth, Identity, Power: The Chicano Movement (1989)

Armando Navarro, “The South Central Los Angeles Eruption: A Latino Perspective,” Amerasia 19:2 (1993):69-85

Richard Nagasawa, Summer Wind: The Story of an Immigrant Chinese Politician (1986)

Gail M. Nomura, "Washington's Asian/Pacific American Communities," in S.E. Solberg and Sid White, ed., Peoples of Washington: Perspectives on Cultural Diversity (1989)

Mamie O. Oliver, "Black Culture: Ethnic Community Experience in Boise, Idaho," in Mamie O. Oliver, ed., The Black Church and Kinship Networks (1982)

Edward J.W. Park, “Competing Visions: Political Formation of Korean Americans in Los Angeles, 1992-1997,” Amerasia 24(Spring 1998):41-57

Lillian B. Rubin, Busing and Backlash: White Against White in an Urban California School District (1972)

Paul James Rutledge, The Vietnamese Experience in America (1992)

Jim Schutze, The Accommodation: The Politics of Race in An American City (1986) [on Dallas]

Robert Sadamu Shimabukuro, Born in Seattle: The Campaign for Japanese American Redress (2001)

Anne LagGrelius Siqueland, Without a Court Order: The Desegregation of Seattle Schools (1981)

Raphael J. Sonenshein, Politics in Black and White: Race and Power in Los Angeles (1993)

Orlan Svingen, "Jim Crow, Indian Style," American Indian Quarterly 11:4(Fall 1987):275-286

Edward T. Chang and Russell C. Leong, eds., Los Angeles—Struggles Toward Multiethnic Community: Asian American, African American and Latino Perspectives (1993)

Josh Sides, L .A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present (2003)

Robert O. Self, American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland (2003)

Roger Waldinger and Mehdi Bozorgmehr, eds., Ethnic Los Angeles (1996)