Zoology 484 ------M.P.Wenderoth-----December, 1997
IMMUNE SYSTEM REVIEW
- What type of organisms/substances/conditions does the body
need to defend itself against?
- What are the basic mechanisms the immune system uses to defend
the body.
- Define and understand the concept of phylogenetic restriction.
- What is the inflammatory response? (list four parts --what
causes each--and how each contributes to wound healing)?
- What is the lymphatic system? what is lymph? what types of
cells are found in the lymphatic system? How is the lymph fluid
moved?
- How has the lymphatic system changed as vertebrates have
evolved?
- What is the difference between the Non-Specific and Specific
defense system of the body?
- What elements comprise the humoral and cellular aspects of the
Non-specific and Specific Immune system?
- What is considered the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lines of defense-
give examples of each for both invertebrates and vertebrates.
- How is it that invertebrates can thrive when they do not have
a specific immune system?
- Understand the role lysozymes play in the defense system of
invertebrates and vertebrates?
- How are agglutinins used by animals? what is their
physiological significance?
- Understand the concept of phagocytosis, how it is used by the
animal to defend against foreign particles, the individual who
first described the concept of phagocytosis.
- How do phagocytes "know" which substances to destroy and how
do they destroy them?
- List the names of phagocytic cells found in invertebrates-
vertebrates.
- What produces interferon and in what manner can it defend
against viruses?
- What is opsonization? What types of substances can act as
opsinins? Where do these substances come from?
- How is complement used by the body to destroy foreign
particles?
- What are Natural Killer cells? Are they part of the Specific
or non-specific immunity? Why?
- What are the three hallmarks of the Specific Immune System?
- What is a hallmark?
- Which cells are involved in humoral and cellular specific
immunity?
- Define the concept of clonal selection as it applies to both
T-cells and B-cells.
- What is an antibody? Which cell type produces it? What
substances will it bind? What is its function?
- What is a primary and secondary immune response?
- List the different types of Immunoglobulin (Ig) found in
mammals-and the function of each. Which types are found in other
vertebrates?
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