Study Guide
#1
Biology 118
winter 2004
Mary Pat Wenderoth
The Human Body: an orientation
- What is science?
- Know what the disciplines of anatomy and
physiology study.
- Understand the concept of form and
function..
- Define homeostasis.
- Why is it critical for your body to maintain
homeostasis?
- IF your body can not maintain homeostasis what
happens?
- Discuss homeostasis as it relates to body
temperature.
- Draw a graph that represents your body
temperature over a 24 hr period. during this time you wake up--
take a very warm bus to shool -- go to class --- find yourself
outside without a coat (a cold day- 20degrees F)-- go home and go
to sleep.
General Model- Flow
- Write an equation that shows how flow
(ml/min), gradient, and resistance are related.
- In words, (not equation) tell me what
determines the rate of flow of a substance bewteen two
places.
- If flow of a substance between two points
increases,
what must have happened to
- the gradient ?
- the resistance ?
- The cytoplasm of cell X has a sodium
concentration of 15 mM and it has open sodium channels. I place
one of these cells in a solution of 150 mM sodium chloride and
I place another cell X in a solution of 100 mM sodium.
- In which direction do the sodium ions
move (into or out of the cell)?
- In which solution (150mM or 100mM) is
the rate of sodium movement the highest? WHY?
- When you turn on the faucet in the sink to
brush your teeth, water usually flows out of the faucet. Using
the Flow general model, explain how this happens?
- List some processes in the body that can be
explained or better understood if you think about the Flow general
model.
Cells:The Living Units
- What are the levels of organization of the
human body and the significance of each.
- Why do scientists oraganize this information
this way?
- What is the cell theory?
- What is the interstitial space? (where is it
and what is it composed of?)
- What is the cytoplasm? What is it composed of?
What is found in it?
- Name the four basic tissues, the basic
function of each and where you would find each in your
body.
- DRAW a picture of a cell--and its
organelles
- What are the functions of each part of the
cell?
- mitochondrion
- the inner membrane is folded. What is
the advantage to this folding?
- ribosomes
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)-- also known as SR
- Nucleus
- What is a chromosome? where is it found?
- What is DNA--name its parts, shape,
function.
- what is a mutation? what causes it? what
does a mutation cause?
- What is RNA?
- cytoplasm
- What do you expect to find in
cytoplasm?
-
- If you saw a cell with a lot of mitochondria,
what do you know about that cell?
- What are enzymes? are they proteins or lipids
or carbohydrates?
- What do enzymes do? Where are they
found?
- Of what does the plasma membrane of the cell
consist? What are the various roles of the proteins found in the
membrane?
- write out the equation for aerobic metabolism
of glucose
- if the enzymes involved in this chemical
reaction were less effecient what would be the consequence to
the animal?
-
- -------------------
- How do substances (ions, organic molecules,
lipids) move across the cell membrane?
- What is the driving force for movement of
substances across a cell membrane?
- How easy is it for each of the following
substances to move across the membrane? (Is resistance high or
low?) Why?
- oxygen
- glucose
- sodium ion
- water
- carbon dioxide
- What determines the rate at which a substance
moves across a cell membrane?
- What is the difference between active
transport and passive diffusion?
- Define osmosis and understand difference
between hypertonic,isotonic and hypotonic solutions.
- What is the osmolarity of a mammalian cell?
mammalian blood?
- You have discovered a new oraganism, the
osmolarity of its cell are normally 500 mOsm, what would you
predict would be the osmalority of its blood?
- A substance when put into solutions
dissociates into 3 ions. What is the osmolarity of a 100mM
solution of this substance?
Web site that will show you pictures of
tissue
types