|
|
|
|
|
A shared symbol system for interacting with
others |
|
Elements: |
|
Participants: speaker/listener |
|
Modes: verbal/nonverbal |
|
Channels: audio/visual or both |
|
Mental state: conscious/unconscious |
|
Medium: face to face/telephone/written |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Components—Nature of Message: |
|
Form |
|
Content |
|
Use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Verbal |
|
Phonology (segmentals/suprasegmentals) |
|
Morphology |
|
Syntax |
|
Written |
|
Graphemes |
|
Art, Music, Dance |
|
Signs |
|
Gestures |
|
Facial Features |
|
Body Posture |
|
Touch |
|
|
|
|
Meaning—ideas, propositions |
|
Semantics—meaning and words coming together |
|
|
|
Remember:
Content refers to meaning that is unconscious as well as conscious,
expressed by words and other forms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pragmatics-interpersonal
communication-communication with others |
|
Mathethics-intrapersonal
communication-communication with self |
|
|
|
Pragmatics |
|
Communicative Intentions |
|
Communicative Forces |
|
|
|
|
Functions of communication |
|
Greeting |
|
Requesting (objects, actions, information,
permission, clarification) |
|
Protesting |
|
Commenting |
|
Lecturing |
|
Entertaining |
|
Rehearsing |
|
Acknowledging |
|
Answering |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perlocutionary-communicative intention as
interpreted by listener |
|
Illocutionary-communicative intention as
intended by speaker |
|
Locutionary-communicative intention as carried
by linguistic form |
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Is your mother home?” |
|
Locutionary = yes/no question form-request for
yes/no information |
|
Illocutionary = request for action |
|
Perlocutionary = either request for information
or request for action depending upon the listener |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three levels: |
|
Situational |
|
Interpersonal/social |
|
Cultural |
|
|
|
|
Urie Bronfenbrenner—understanding human
behavior/human development in context |
|
Appreciating how human behavior and human
development is affected by the environment—from immediate objects and
events, to larger social and cultural context |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Microsystems |
|
Mesosystems |
|
Exosystems |
|
Macrosystems |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Situational Context |
|
(microsystems) – the immediate setting
containing the person, including: |
|
place, time, materials, people, activity |
|
|
|
|
Interpersonal/Social Context |
|
(mesosystems/exosystems) – major social
structures in a person’s life at a particular point in time, including: |
|
family, friends, peer group, camp friends,
church group, neighbors, colleagues |
|
|
|
|
Cultural Context |
|
(macrosystems) – overarching social,
institutional, ethnic, structure impacting the individual, including: |
|
ethnicity, race, religion, economic group |
|
|
|
|
|
Situation: Coffee house |
|
Interpersonal:
Peers |
|
Cultural:
Northwest |
|
************************** |
|
Situation: Fancy restaurant, |
|
Interpersonal: Parents |
|
Cultural:
East |
|
************************** |
|
Situation:
Tea Room |
|
Interpersonal:
Boss |
|
Cultural:
England |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set up a communication scenario illustrating how
form, content, and use would change when the the situational context,
interpersonal/social context, and the cultural context vary. |
|
One scenario---two variations on each type of
context: situational, interpersonal/social, cultural context |
|
|
|
|
|