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Quantitative |
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Hypothesis testing |
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Prestructured instrumentation-objective,
countable data |
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Experimenter/Scientist: objective, attempting to
avoid bias |
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Qualitative |
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No hypothesis |
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Unstructured or loosely structured-objective and
subjective data, observable data |
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Experimenter/Scientist—”Participant Observer” |
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Individual can NOT be separated from context
(situational, interpersonal/social, cultural) |
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Individual behavior cannot be broken down into
discrete variables to be measured |
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Behaviors are part of the context; understanding
behaviors can only be done if they are viewed as part of the context |
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Field methods, Naturalistic Methods |
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Interpretative approach to data collection and
analysis |
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Observe “everything about the situation” |
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Take into consideration perspective and biases |
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Interpret the data by trying to explain the
interaction |
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Phenomenology |
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Deep understanding of individual |
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Sense of empathy – “seeing through another’s
eyes” (Tuesdays with Morrie) |
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*Observation |
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*Interviews |
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Photographs |
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Logs/Journals/Diaries |
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Records |
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Elements |
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Participant Observer |
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Thick description |
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Interpretation |
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Conclusions |
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Participant Observer |
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You, as observer, are part of the context,
whether or not you are directly or indirectly involved |
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You become part of the context |
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“Thick Description” |
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OBJECTIVE observation, description, notation of
details re. setting, participants, materials, activities |
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What you see and hear, “mundane” as well as
“stand outs” |
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SUBJECTIVE “on-line” observation-BRACKET of what
you or others are thinking or feeling |
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Interpretation—based on your thick description: |
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Look for recurring themes and patterns |
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Provide multiple examples to explain your
interpretation, and when possible, multiple observations and data sources |
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Conclusion |
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Explain influence of situational, interpersonal,
cultural variables |
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Verify that your interpretations “ring true”—go
back to sources if possible |
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Start Open-ended—Become More Specific |
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“Grand Tour” questions |
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What is it like to live with Huntington’s
Disease? |
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Follow-up Questions |
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Tell me about your family. |
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How have your relationships changed? |
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Transcribe what is said—objective |
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Interpret the comments-look for themes |
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Strengths |
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Become part of the data |
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“Feel” the situation—make reader feel as though
he/she is there |
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Depth and breadth of behavior |
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Challenges |
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Controlling biases; keeping objective and
subjective data separate |
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Noticing important behaviors, contextual
variables |
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Verifying interpretations and conclusions |
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