Links
Here are links to a variety of tone and intonation resources.
In particular, the links focus on sites that provide actual
acoustic data and audio samples that can be used for explanation,
illustration, and instructions. Thanks to all those who have
made such resources publicly available!
Theories of Tone and Intonation
StemML
A excellent tutorial overview of prosody developed by Chilin Shih as appears on this site.
PENTA
Parallel Encoding and Target Approximation model of intonation
ToBI
Originally developed for English but now the core of a large-scale multilingual
effort, ToBI - Tones and Break Indices - provides a framework for transcribing
the intonation and prosodic structure of a language.
INTSINT
An effort to develop an Internation transcription system for coding
the intonation of utterances.
TILT
A phonetic model of acoustic events - pitch accents and boundary tones - in speech,
an enhancement of Taylor's earlier RFC (Rise, Fall, Connection model)
Fujisaki
The Fujisaki model posits a superpositional framework in which, for example,
pitch accents ride on an existing phrase contour. The site above links
to an automatic system for extracting the relevant parameters.
Audio Examples
The Phonology of Tone and Intonation: Carlos Gusseshoven
provides links to many of the acoustic examples in the text.
ToBI Tutorial
The tutorial has a large selection of audio examples with their
associated transcriptions - both word and intonational - and
pitch tracks. All examples and exercises are additionally
available for download.
Haskins Laboratory
An outstanding introduction to articulatory synthesis with audio
and vocal tract models.
PENTA tone contour generation
Includes scripts for smoothing of pitch tracks:
Synthesizing Emotional Speech
Examples from Walker, Cahn, and Whittaker: Synthesized examples
from Casablanca under different emotional and politeness conditions.
The Improvisation of Linguistic Style: Social and Affective Bases for Agent Personality. Marilyn A. Walker, Janet Cahn and Stephen J. Whittaker. Proceedings of the ACM Agents '97 Conference. February, 1997. 10-17.
Spoken Corrections
Examples of error spirals in human-computer dialogue and local corrections.
Jump-in points:
Examples from Shriberg et al: Can Prosody Aid in Understanding Multi-party Meeting?:
Automatic Punctuations, Repairs, and Jump-in Points