I Part: Closed Book (5 Minutes, select one):

What is the

1. coefficient of specialization (identify what it does and how it is calculated)
   • The coefficient of specialization is NOT the same as the location quotient!
   • Regional Specialization: Some Quantitative Measures [Scroll down to 9.4.2]
   • Example
   • Glossary

   OR

2. explain the "proportional" (sometimes also called "mix-" or "compositional-" or "structural") effect in shift and share analysis.
   • Glossary
   • Hoover, Ch.12.3.2

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Please hand in your Part I before starting with Part II!

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II Part: Open Notebook (15 minutes, select one)

3. Explain the role and importance of (data) "aggregation" in the analyses pursued so far in this class. Data aggregation is any process in which information is gathered and expressed in a summary form, e.g. for regional numerical analysis purposes. Aggregation may cause a loss of (compositional/structural) information, but a possible gain of information due to the greater generality of the resulting insights. The latter would depend on the internal homogeneity of the categories within which data is aggregated. Aggregation leads to a reduction and simplication of the categories to be analysed and therefore to a reduction in research costs. Compositional measures such as the location quotient, the coefficient of specialization or the compositional effect in shift-share analysis would tend to decrease in size with increased aggregation of underlying data due to the loss of compositional detail. (Discussion in class)

4. Why are regions (such as counties) growing, stagnating or declining in different ways? Bring some rough order to the explanations you are familiar with.
   • Regional Economic Development Propositions [Class Handout]
   • Malecki (text), Ch.1 (Reading for week #2, Please review!)

As always: If you feel that you have "blown" one or more of your answers, do NOT hesitate to submit a "redo" by Thursday.