SITE MAP	SUPPORT	LIBRARY	E & B GEOG	RESOURCES	A-Z INDEX
SEARCH!	GLOSSARY	207 PAGE	CALENDAR	ECON NEWS	PROJECTS

Spatial Structure and Economic Change

Major Perspectives & Explanations in Economic Geography

(http://faculty.washington.edu/krumme/207/concepts/table.html)

Major Perspectives in Economic Geography		The Explanandum* (Typical 'Dependent' Variables in Geographic Research & Writing)	The Explanans* (Important 'Independent' Explanatory Variables)
S P A T I A L S T R U C T U R E	SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION Location "Place" and "Locality" Spatial Distribution	Location (retail, industrial, residential etc.) Relative Location & Spatial Access Density Degree of Concentration (Clustering) or Dispersion Size (of cities or facilities) Internal (in-situ) structures (e.g. product mix, organizational setup etc.) Place attributes; Locality characteristics	Classical, Primary & Geographic Forces: [ Hoover: "Three Foundation Stones"] Frictions of space (economic distance: communication- and transport costs, incl. cost of time) Dependence on land (land-intensiveness of residential, agricultural, recreational, industrial and service activities) In a world in which natural resources are unevenly distributed: Distribution of natural resources (other than land per se) Internal and external economies of scale & scope ("agglomeration economies") Others: Post-Classical, Derived, Secondary & Institutional Forces Uncertainty (Instability and Complexity) Power relations Technology Entrepreneurship Organization Distribution of man-made & human resources (incl. "Investment Inertia" and "Infrastructure") Cultural, "personal", and "subjective" factors: values, "conventions", habits, beliefs, biases & preferences etc.
	SPATIAL INTERACTION PERSPECTIVES Communications Transportation Migration	Flows (of messages, goods & people) Distances and direction Routing in Networks Origins and Destinations Regional & Interregional Inter-Industry Transactions (Input-Output Analysis)	Factors related to "TRANSFERABILITY" Factors related to "COMPLEMENTARITY" Sufficient Similarities Required Differentiation incl. absolute and "comparative (relative) advantage" RELATIVE ACCESSIBILITY & Lack of " INTERVENING OPPORTUNITIES"
ECONOMIC CHANGE, SPATIAL RESTRUCTURING & REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT "simple change" "population change" "structural change"		Change in spatial structures Change in spatial distribution e.g. population densities, Change in spatial interaction pattern, e.g. migration patterns) Regional economic development: e.g. Changes in income, employment, human welfare, quality of life	Factors related to Locational (dis-)advantages & locational change, Spatial interaction stimuli and Economic development conditions & events: e.g. Natural resource endowment, Human resources (skills, education), Employment structure, Organizational, institutional & political factors, Access to capital, technology & entrepreneurship, Trade, migration (e.g. "brain gain" or "brain drain")

* Explanans & explanandum: from the latin verb explanare (to spread out). Explanans refers to the explaining variable, whereas explanandum is the variable which is supposed to be explained.