This in-class Final has two parts. The first part (four short answers) is "closed-book". (= 20 minutes) The second part consists of two essays (20 minutes each; you may use your notebook, but not the text or any other book) There are additional 5 minutes for the preparation of each part.

Please note:

PART I (Closed-book, hand in by 11:00): Select four questions (5 minutes or points each): (You should have enough time to be explicit and to write your answers in complete sentences).

1. Explain the difference in the roles which the "range of a good" and the "threshold range" perform in spatial marketing analysis.

2. Explain the analytical difference between the "range of a good" and the "critical isodapane".

3. What is the difference between the "intensity of land use" and the "land intensity of a particular land-using activity". Please give at least one example each, but only after you have explained the difference.
Glossary

4. Explain the difference between (a) urbanization economies and (b) localization economies.
Stutz, p.278-80.

5. Explain the difference between "induced" and "indirect" effects in input-output analysis
Glossary

6. What do we mean when we refer to "Truncation" in the context of "FDI"?
Glossary

7. In order to use the L.Q. for measuring the economic base of a region (and to use the "1" as an indication of self-sufficiency), we have to make a number of assumptions. Name two of them and explain.

8. What are regional income multipliers? What role do they perform in our understanding and analysis of regions and how do they differ from "Multiplier Effects"?

9. Multipliers are not the same from region to region. Explain some of their variability.
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PART II (Open-Notebook; hand in by 11:45): Select two essay topics; (20 minutes or points each):

10. Explain the role which theoretical constructs such as transport-cost functions, rent functions, bid-rent functions, isodapanes, isotims, spatial demand curves (and others if you can name and define them) perform in the process of gaining insights in classical locational theorizing.

Briefly identifying (and differentiating between) these spatial functions could be one part of a response. The needed other part, however, deals with the (common) role of these (what we called in class) "auxiliary" theoretical constructs. Their role is to identify explicitly a spatial dimension as an important independent variable. Rent, demand, transport costs etc. are (linear or non-linear) functions of distance. We are interested in these functional relationships because, if they exist, then these geographically variable rents, demand patterns or transport costs etc. will have repercussions on some focal decision variables, such as how to use land at specific locations, where to locate a business etc.: Thus, e.g. location is a function of demand which in turn is a function of distances. We thereby make the "spatial demand fucntion" an "intermediate" or "auxiliary" step in our analysis.

11. Discuss one of the two outside readings for week 9 (Jeremy Rifkin: "The End of Work: 5 Years Later" or Peter Dicken, Global Shift, Ch.13, "Making a Living in the Global Economy") and try to explain why this reading was selected for Geography 207.

• Jeremy Rifkin, The End of Work - 5 Years Later" ("Hightech Winners and Losers")]
  OR (a bit longer)
• Dicken, Global Shift, Ch.13 ("Making a Living in the Global Economy")

12. Assess the viability of Hagerstrand's Time Geography framework for conceptualizing the impact of recent advances in personal mobility, communication and "smart cities" (as discussed by Stutz) on our daily lives.