| Jointness of Use or Consumption | |||
| Alternative Use | Joint Use | ||
| Exclusion | Feasible | Private Goods: bread shoes, automobiles, haircuts, books, etc. | Toll Goods: theaters, night clubs, telephone service, toll roads, cable TV, electric power, library, etc. |
| Infeasible | Common Pool Resources: water pumped from a groundwater basin, fish taken from an ocean, crude oil extracted from an oil pool. | Public Goods: peace and security of a community, national defense, mosquito abatement, air pollution control, fire protection, streets, weather forecasts, public TV, etc. | |
Ostrom, V. and Ostrom, E. "Public Goods and Public Choices." Alternatives for Delivering Public Services: Toward Improved Performance. Ed. Savas, E. Westview Press, 1977. p12.