|
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Students need to obtain and read the required reading materials prior to the course. Readings are list below on this page. The recommended readings are optional.
2. Based on the readings, students need to write up answer to the following questions prior to the course. Answers should be handed in the first morning of the course in a printed format. a) Contrast the forest conditions found on (1) hot, dry sites at the lowest elevation of forest, (2) moist sites at mid elevations, and (3) cold snowy sites at high elevations in terms of dominant tree species, characteristic disturbance regime, and degree to which they have been modified by western civilization since the late 18th century (500 word minimum or a table).
b) Identify the major causes of structural and compositional change in these three types of eastside forests. (500 word minimum)
c) Describe how the eastern Cascade forest landscapes (not stand but large areas, such as watersheds) have changed during the last 100 years as a result of human activity. (500 word minimum)
d) How would we go about treating such forests to improve their ability to provide ecological services and to be more sustainable in the face of climate change and where do you see the highest priorities? (800 word minimum)
3. Prior to the course, students need to also come up with 3 questions for the professor and/or speakers. These should be printed out and handed in the first morning of the course. 4. At the completion of the course, a field trip report will be assigned and will be due 2 weeks later.
READING LIST Required Reading Pick up reading packet with these readings in Anderson 214
Agee JK, Skinner CN. 2005. Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 83-96. Franklin JF, Hemstron MA, Van Pelt R, Buchanan JB. 2008. The Case for Active Management of Dry Forest Types in Eastern Washington: Perpetuating and Creating Old Forest Structures and Function. Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Olympia, WA: Hessburg PF, Agee JK. 2003. An environmental narrative of Inland Northwest United States forests, 1800-2000. Forest Ecology and Management 178: 23-59. Hessburg PF, Agee JK, Franklin JF. 2005. Dry forests and wildland fires of the inland Northwest USA: contrasting the landscape ecology of the pre-settlement and modern eras. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 117-139. Romme WH, Clement J, Hicke J, Kulakowski D, MacDonald LH, Schoennagel T, Veblen TT. 2008. Recent Forest Insect Outbreaks and Fire Risk in Colorado Forests: A Brief Synthesis of Relevant Research. Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University.
Van Pelt. R. 2008. Identifying old trees and old forests in eastern Washington. Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Olympia. WA
Recommended Reading We will send you an email with instructions on how to obtain these
Fire History Studies & Stand Reconstruction Studies of Areas we’ll be in or near: Everett RL, Schellhaas R, Keenum D, Spurbeck D, Ohlson P. 2000. Fire history in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests on the east slope of the Washington Cascades. Forest Ecology and Management 129: 207-225. Rummel RS. 1951. Some Effects of Livestock Grazing on Ponderosa Pine Forest and Range in Central Washington. Ecology 32: 594-607.
Harrod RJ, McRae BH, Hartl WE. 1999. Historical stand reconstruction in ponderosa pine forests to guide silvicultural prescriptions. Forest Ecology and Management 114: 433-446. Hessburg PF, Salter RB, James KM. 2007. Re-examining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure. Landscape Ecology 22: 5-24. Everett RL, Baumgartner D, Ohlson P, Schellhaas R, Harrod R. 2007. Development of current stand structure in dry fir-pine forests of eastern Washington. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134: 199-214. Schellhaas et al. 2001 Fire Disturbance Effects in Subalpine Forests of North Central Washington, Wenatchee National Forest
Landscape Level Approaches Agee JK. 2003. Historical range of variability in eastern Cascades forests, Washington USA. Landscape Ecol. 18: 725-774.
Ager AA, Kerns BK, Finney MA, Maffei H. 2007. Modeling risk to late- successional forest reserves in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 246: 45-56.
Finney MA, Seli RC, McHugh C, Ager AAB, B., Agee JK. 2007. Simulation of long-term landscape-level fuel treatment effects on large wildfires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 16: 712-727 Landres PB, Morgan P, Swanson FJ. 1999. Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecological Applications 9: 1179-1188. Lehmkuhl JF, Kennedy M, Ford ED, Singleton PH, Gaines WL, Lind RL. 2007. Seeing the forest for the fuel: Integrating ecological values and fuels management. Forest Ecology and Management 246: 73-80. Reynolds KM, Hessburg PF. 2005. Decision support for integrated landscape evaluation and restoration planning. Forest Ecology and Management 207: 263-278.
Forest Biomass in Dry Forests Evans, A. E. 2008 Synthesis of knowledge from woody biomass removal case studies. The Forest Guild. Report Hjerpe,E. Abrams, J., Becker, D.R. 2009. Socioeconomic Barriers and of Biomass Utilization in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Restoration. Ecological Restoration 27:2. p. 169-177
Managing in the face of Climate Change Franklin et al. 1991 Effects of Global Climate Change on Forests of Northwestern North America. The Northwest Environmental Journal: 7. p 233-254 Fule PZ. 2008. Does It Make Sense to Restore Wildland Fire in Changing Climate? Restoration Ecology 16: 526-531. Millar CI, Stephenson NL, Stephens SL. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications 17: 2145-2151.
Large Fires, Insect Outbreaks, & Salvage Schoennagel T, Smithwick EAH, Turner MG. 2008. Landscape heterogeneity following large fires: insights from Yellowstone National Park, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 742-753.
Lindenmayer, D.B., Noss, R.F. 2006 Salvage Logging, Ecosystem Processes, and Biodiversity Conservation. Conservation Biology. Volume 20 Issue 4, Pages 949 – 955
Campbell RW, Smith DJ, Arsenault A. 2006. Multicentury history of western spruce budworm outbreaks in interior Douglas-fir forests near Kamloops, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 36: 1758-1769.
Bebi P, Kulakowski D, Veblen TT. 2003. Interactions between fire and spruce beetles in a subalpine rocky mountain forest landscape. Ecology 84: 362-371.
Academic Integrity Plagiarism, cheating, and other misconduct are serious violations of your contract as a student. We expect that you will know and follow the University's policies on cheating and plagiarism. Any suspected cases of academic misconduct will be handled according to University regulations. More information, including definitions and examples, can be found at: http://depts.washington.edu/grading/issue1/honesty.htm
|
|
Assignments and Readings |
|
ESRM 491A: Ecology and Management of Forests of Eastern Washington |
|
|
