Lecture 30
Identity
- Attachment
- Harlow
- Bowlby
- Strange Situation
- Attachment Styles
- Erikson Erikson
- Biography
- 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Adolescent Identity Crisis
Overview
Freud argued that early childhood experiences shape personality development. In this lecture, we discussed two other research areas that share this perspective: Attachment theory and Erikson's model of psychosocial development. Attachment theory contends that the bond we form with our primary caregivers during the first year of life affects the trust and security we experience with others throughout life. Erikson's model echoes this belief, also emphasizing that personality continues to develop as individuals confront and master age-appropriate life tasks.
Specifics
- Describe Hull's theory of attachment bonds, and know how Harlow's work tested it.
- Discuss Bowlby's position during WWII and his ideas about the function of attachment bonds and their consequences for adulthood.
- Describe the "Strange Situation" and identity three attachment styles it can identify, including the parenting styles that are thought to produce them and the way they manifest themselves in adult, romantic relationships.
- Be familiar with Erikson's 8 stage theory of psychosocial development, including comparisons with Freud's psychosexual model.
- Describe the "adolescent identity crisis" and identify three commitments that are needed to resolve it.
Attachment Styles
| Style | Initial Behavior | Response to Separation | Response to Reunion | Parental Behavior | Adult Behavior |
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| Securely Attached (~60%) | | | | | |
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| Insecure Anxious/Ambivalent (~15%) | | | | | |
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| Insecure Avoidant (~25%) | | | | | |
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
| Age | Stage | Psychological Conflict | Acquired Strength |
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| Birth - 18 months | Infancy | Trust vs. Mistrust | Hope |
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| 18 months - 3 years | Toddlerhood | Autonomy vs, Shame & Doubt | Will & Determination |
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| 3-6 | Preschool | Initiative vs. Guilt | Purpose |
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| 6-puberty | Middle Childhood | Industry vs. Inferiority | Competence |
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| puberty-20 | Adolescence | Identity vs. Role Confusion | Fidelity |
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| 20s-30s | Early Adulthood | Intimacy vs. Isolation | Love |
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| 40s-50s | Middle Adulthood | Generativity vs. Stagnation | Care |
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| 60 on | Late Adulthood | Integrity vs. Despair | Wisdom |
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