Integrated Transportation System
The Integrated Transportation System (InTranSys) is
a paper concept that is being developed in Colorado. It represents a major departure from
today's transportation methods but does not rely on any new and untested technological
breakthroughs. It is a unique combination of existing technologies combined to take full
advantage of the positive features of each. It is a dual-mode system in that it does not
replace the auto/truck system but supplements it in significant ways.
All travel on the system takes place on an interconnected network of elevated
guideways. Both urban and intercity markets could be served. Maximum speed on urban links
would be 60 mph and 150 mph would be possible on rural and intercity links. The two types
of track would be joined at suitable points by short acceleration/deceleration segments
where each vehicle would undergo a controlled speed change. These projected speeds were
selected to maximize the energy efficiency of the system and to reduce the space
requirements of the system so that it would be easier to build in urban areas.
Vehicles would be propelled by linear synchronous motors (LSM's). These devices are
similar to conventional rotary synchronous motors, like those used in electric clocks, in
that the speed of the moving component depends solely on the frequency of the alternating
current applied to the motor. They differ from clock motors, of course, in that the moving
element travels in a straight line rather than in a circle. LSM's have been produced with
efficiencies of as high as 98%, placing them among the most efficient mechanical devices
known. But of even greater importance is the fact that the constant speed of travel
automatically yields absolute control of the speed of every vehicle using the system. No
vehicle can possibly travel faster or slower than any other. Since they must always remain
in the same spatial relationship relative to one another, they can be placed very close
together. For example, at 150 mph, only about 7 inches need be allowed between consecutive
vehicles to prevent them from colliding.
This precise speed control imparts to the system an extremely high maximum capacity:
about 14,400 vehicles per hour on urban tracks and 36,000 per hour on rural sections. The
later figure is about 18 times the maximum capacity of a single freeway lane. Another
advantage of an LSM is that all motor braking is automatically regenerative. This means
that vehicles descending a steep hill or being brought to a stop feed electric power back
into the system at the same frequency as that being consumed by the system without the
need for any separate regeneration apparatus. When one combines this feature with the
inherent efficiency of the LSM and the low friction loss of steel wheels on steel rail, it
should be possible to realize a very high system energy efficiency.
In any synchronous motor, alternating current can be applied either to the moving
motor magnets or to the stationary ones. InTransSys would employ permanent ceramic magnets
on the track system and would use AC for electromagnets mounted on vehicles. The
advantages of this arrangement are: power need not be applied to the stationary units when
no vehicle is present, this resulting in even greater energy savings; and they require
virtually no maintenance over their lifetime.
In order to get high capacities, the timing of vehicles entering and network must be
controlled precisely. This would be accomplished by using computers to perform three basic
functions. First, it would find the shortest and/or quickest route through the network.
Then, it monitors all existing traffic and selects the first suitable time slot for entry.
Finally, it accelerates the vehicle with sufficient precision so that it merges smoothly
with the other traffic. These operations would be assisted by the constant speed of travel
of the vehicles on the system.
Conventional rail switches cannot be used on any system with close spacing between the
vehicles. Therefore, a new type of passive switching system has been devised which permits
the rails to remain stationary, while the direction of travel taken by each vehicle at a
switch is controlled by the shifting of special wheels mounted on the vehicle. The routing
of any vehicle requires only a series of yes-no commands describing the direction of
travel at each switch.
InTransSys uses tracks which are overhead to enclose the rails, motors and other
features with a continuous structure open only at the bottom. This allows the system to be
completely weatherproof. At interchanges, grade separation can be achieved simply by
varying the height of the towers supporting each track, adding little to overall
construction costs.
Each vehicle traveling along the track must be equipped with some rather sophisticated
components, such as the moving parts of the LIM, steel wheels mounted on high-speed
bearings, switching wheels, a small on-board computer and other items. All such items are
part of special devices known as vehicle carriers. A diagram of one of these carriers is
shown below. Virtually any kind of private passenger vehicle can use the system without
extensive modification to the vehicle as the car rests on a platform to which it is locked
by a suitable clamping device. This is the platform that is attached to the vehicle
carrier and travels suspended beneath it.
Loading onto this system takes place only at
stations. In order to travel on the system, a motorist drives from his home or any other
location to the nearest station. He then selects one of several loading stalls, drives his
car onto the platform and attaches a simple electrical connection between the platform and
his car. This connection allows the system to identify his car, permits attachment of the
car to the platform, facilitates billing and prevents unauthorized use of the car. The
driver dials the number of the station he wants to reach and his role in making the trip
is finished until that station is reached. The system is being designed to also serve
small buses and cargo containers. An observer of a typical line would see several
different types of loads being carried by the system.
The major advantage that InTranSys would enjoy over other systems lies in the very low
operation and maintenance costs, plus the extremely high energy efficiency it could
attain. Well over half of the long-term system costs would come from construction of the
guideways, stations and other facilities.
A document of about 150 pages that describes the InTranSys concept in more detail is
available as is a 30-minute video that uses animated computer graphics to describe its
attributes and concepts. For more details on this technology, visit the InTransSys FAQ and the InTransSys website.
Contact information: Dr. James R. Guadagno, General Partner, Cimarron Technology,
Ltd., P.O. Box 789, Paonia, Colorado 81428; phone/fax: 970-527-4563. E-mail: cimarron@co.tds.net
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Last modified: December 07, 1999