This research program began with a desire to understand a practical problem: prevalent claims of race bias in police shootings. The effort to demonstrate and measure race biases in weapon identification has developed into a means for isolating automatic and controlled processes contributing to prejudiced judgments. The talk will focus on both the original findings and recent applications of the procedure based partly on the process dissociation approach, aimed at addressing broader questions of automaticity and control in social situations. For instance, when a social context changes prejudiced responding (for better or worse), the change may be mediated by either automatic or controlled processes. The present approach measures both simultanteously, and so can answer questions about outcomes and processes at the same time.