<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDonald, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heiner, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiesecker, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davaa, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pague, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durnin, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oidov, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eastern Mongolian Grassland Steppe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and Conservation: Landscape and Seascape Science, Planning, and Action</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Island Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groves, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Game, E. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, M. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enquist, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferdana, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gondor, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, K. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Higgins, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marshall, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Popper, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schill, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shafer, S. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and ConservationBiodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptation strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biodiversity conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">change examples</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">change-type drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate refugia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connectivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coral-reefs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">die-off</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem function and</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOSYSTEM SERVICES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical stage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global-change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marine reserves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">south-africa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1651-1671</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0960-3115</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The principles of systematic conservation planning are now widely used by governments and non-government organizations alike to develop biodiversity conservation plans for countries, states, regions, and ecoregions. Many of the species and ecosystems these plans were designed to conserve are now being affected by climate change, and there is a critical need to incorporate new and complementary approaches into these plans that will aid species and ecosystems in adjusting to potential climate change impacts. We propose five approaches to climate change adaptation that can be integrated into existing or new biodiversity conservation plans: (1) conserving the geophysical stage, (2) protecting climatic refugia, (3) enhancing regional connectivity, (4) sustaining ecosystem process and function, and (5) capitalizing on opportunities emerging in response to climate change. We discuss both key assumptions behind each approach and the trade-offs involved in using the approach for conservation planning. We also summarize additional data beyond those typically used in systematic conservation plans required to implement these approaches. A major strength of these approaches is that they are largely robust to the uncertainty in how climate impacts may manifest in any given region.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000304171900002</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 1Groves, Craig R. Game, Edward T. Anderson, Mark G. Cross, Molly Enquist, Carolyn Ferdana, Zach Girvetz, Evan Gondor, Anne Hall, Kimberly R. Higgins, Jonathan Marshall, Rob Popper, Ken Schill, Steve Shafer, Sarah L.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schrag, A.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enquist, C.A.F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Seascape Climate Change Planning and Action</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and Conservation: Landscape and Seascape Science, Planning, and Action</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Island Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawler, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saford, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proulx, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buskirk, S. W.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martens and fishers in a changing climate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cornell University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, S. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maurer, E. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mills, W. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grieb, T. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Projecting Water Withdrawal and Supply for Future Decades in the U.S. under Climate Change Scenarios</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Science &amp; TechnologyEnvironmental Science &amp; Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">uncertainty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNITED-STATES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vulnerability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2545-2556</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0013-936X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sustainability of water resources in future decades is likely to be affected by increases in water demand due to population growth, increases in power generation, and climate change. This study presents water withdrawal projections in the United States (U.S.) in 2050 as a result of projected population increases and power generation at the county level as well as the availability of local renewable water supplies. The growth scenario assumes the per capita water use rate for municipal withdrawals to remain at 2005 levels and the water use rates for new thermoelectric plants at levels in modern closed-loop cooling systems. In projecting renewable water supply in future years, median projected monthly precipitation and temperature by sixteen climate models were used to derive available precipitation in 2050 (averaged over 2040-2059). Withdrawals and available precipitation were compared to identify regions that use a large fraction of their renewable local water supply. A water supply sustainability risk index that takes into account additional attributes such as susceptibility to drought, growth in water withdrawal, increased need for storage; and groundwater use was developed to evaluate areas at greater risk. Based on the ranking by the index, high risk areas can be assessed in more mechanistic detail in future work.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000301023700013</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 0Roy, Sujoy B. Chen, Limin Girvetz, Evan H. Maurer, Edwin P. Mills, William B. Grieb, Thomas M.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semenov, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, P. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate Change Affects Winter Chill for Temperate Fruit and Nut Trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0020155</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Temperate fruit and nut trees require adequate winter chill to produce economically viable yields. Global warming has the potential to reduce available winter chill and greatly impact crop yields.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methodology/Principal Findings&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;We estimated winter chill for two past (1975 and 2000) and 18 future scenarios (mid and end 21st century; 3 Global Climate Models [GCMs]; 3 greenhouse gas emissions [GHG] scenarios). For 4,293 weather stations around the world and GCM projections, Safe Winter Chill (SWC), the amount of winter chill that is exceeded in 90% of all years, was estimated for all scenarios using the “Dynamic Model” and interpolated globally. We found that SWC ranged between 0 and about 170 Chill Portions (CP) for all climate scenarios, but that the global distribution varied across scenarios. Warm regions are likely to experience severe reductions in available winter chill, potentially threatening production there. In contrast, SWC in most temperate growing regions is likely to remain relatively unchanged, and cold regions may even see an increase in SWC. Climate change impacts on SWC differed quantitatively among GCMs and GHG scenarios, with the highest GHG leading to losses up to 40 CP in warm regions, compared to 20 CP for the lowest GHG.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusions/Significance&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The extent of projected changes in winter chill in many major growing regions of fruits and nuts indicates that growers of these commodities will likely experience problems in the future. Mitigation of climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can help reduce the impacts, however, adaption to changes will have to occur. To better prepare for likely impacts of climate change, efforts should be undertaken to breed tree cultivars for lower chilling requirements, to develop tools to cope with insufficient winter chill, and to better understand the temperature responses of tree crops.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e20155</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steinmann, K. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, M. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, P. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grant, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate change effects on walnut pests in California</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">228-238</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1354-1013</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increasing temperatures are likely to impact ectothermic pests of fruits and nuts. This paper aims to assess changes to pest pressure in California's US$0.7 billion walnut industry due to recent historic and projected future temperature changes. For two past (1950 and 2000) and 18 future climate scenarios (2041-2060 and 2080-2099; each for three General Circulation Models and three greenhouse gas emissions scenarios), 100 years of hourly temperature were generated for 205 locations. Degree-day models were used to project mean generation numbers for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker), two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), and European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch). In the Central Valley, the number of codling moth generations predicted for degree days accumulated between April 1 and October 1 rose from 2-4 in 1950 to 3-5 among all future scenarios. Generation numbers increased from 10-18 to 14-24 for two-spotted spider mite, from 9-14 to 14-20 for European red mite, and from 2-4 to up to 5 for navel orangeworm. Overall pest pressure can thus be expected to increase substantially. Our study did not include the possibility of higher winter survival rates, leading to higher initial pest counts in spring, or of extended pest development times in the summer, factors that are likely to exacerbate future pest pressure. On the other hand, initiation of diapause may prevent an extension of the season length for arthropods, and higher incidence of heat death in summer may constrain pest population sizes. More information on the impact of climate change on complex agroecological food webs and on the response of pests to high temperatures is needed for improving the reliability of projections.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000284851500020</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, Eike Steinmann, Kimberly P. Zhang, Minghua Brown, Patrick H. Grant, Joseph Girvetz, Evan H.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copeland, H. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tessman, S. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roberts, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enquist, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orabona, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patla, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiesecker, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A geospatial assessment on the distribution, condition, and vulnerability of Wyoming's wetlands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Indicators</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">869-879</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1470-160X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wetlands serve critical functions including natural flood control and providing wildlife habitat, yet despite these values they remain highly threatened systems. Here we present a landscape-scale geospatial assessment of wetlands in Wyoming. Areas containing high densities of wetlands were identified and mapped, and wetland complexes were quantified as a function of their biological diversity, protection status, susceptibility to climate change, and proximity to sources of impairment. Our results indicate there are 280591 wetlands in Wyoming, totaling 371758 surface hectares, and 222 wetland complexes. The majority (67%) of wetlands are classified as temporary. Low elevation wetland complexes are the least protected, in the poorest current condition, and the most vulnerable to future land use changes. This fundamental information will provide a tool decision-makers can use to more effectively allocate limited resources to conserve, manage, and restore Wyoming's wetlands. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000276540000010</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copeland, Holly E. Tessman, Stephen A. Girvetz, Evan H. Roberts, Larry Enquist, Carolyn Orabona, Andrea Patla, Susan Kiesecker, Joseph</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Removing erosion control projects increases bank swallow (Riparia riparia) population viability modeled along the Sacramento River, California, USA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">828-838</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3207</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatially-explicit population viability analysis (PVA) is a powerful method for modeling the extinction risk of populations that show variation over space and time. It is especially effective for comparing relative effect of different management scenarios on population dynamics Here, I present a habitat patch-based PVA for a population of the California state-listed threatened bank swallow (Riparia riparia) nesting along the Sacramento River. This model incorporates the effects of habitat availability and location, density dependence, site fidelity, and stochasticity in survival and fecundity. River bank habitat patches suitable for this species were delineated using a geographic information systems (GIS) model of river bank height and were used in a PVA scenario analysis to assess the effects of habitat restoration that could occur by removing bank erosion control projects (bank revetment) on population viability Sensitivity analysis showed that the model estimated probability of quasi-extinction (dropping below 2000 breeding pairs) ranged from 0 to 08 depending on the Input parameters, with juvenile survival causing the greatest variability. However, comparing changes to the probability of quasi-extinction between the restored habitat scenario and current conditions showed a consistent 40-60% decrease in probability of quasi-extinction across all parameter combinations The results of this research reaffirm the need for continued protection of the bank swallow as a listed species indicate that the removal of bank erosion control projects would increase viability of this population (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000276425400003</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, Evan H.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, M. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity of winter chill models for fruit and nut trees to climatic changes expected in California's Central Valley (vol 133, pg 23, 2009)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agriculture Ecosystems &amp; Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">357-357</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0167-8809</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000281107500030</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, Eike Zhang, Minghua Luedeling, Volker Girvetz, Evan H.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zganjar, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raber, G. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maurer, E. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kareiva, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawler, J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Climate-Change Analysis: The Climate Wizard Tool</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1932-6203</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background: Although the message of &quot;global climate change'' is catalyzing international action, it is local and regional changes that directly affect people and ecosystems and are of immediate concern to scientists, managers, and policy makers. A major barrier preventing informed climate-change adaptation planning is the difficulty accessing, analyzing, and interpreting climate-change information. To address this problem, we developed a powerful, yet easy to use, web-based tool called Climate Wizard (http://ClimateWizard.org) that provides non-climate specialists with simple analyses and innovative graphical depictions for conveying how climate has and is projected to change within specific geographic areas throughout the world. Methodology/Principal Findings: To demonstrate the Climate Wizard, we explored historic trends and future departures (anomalies) in temperature and precipitation globally, and within specific latitudinal zones and countries. We found the greatest temperature increases during 1951-2002 occurred in northern hemisphere countries (especially during January-April), but the latitude of greatest temperature change varied throughout the year, sinusoidally ranging from approximately 50 degrees N during February-March to 10 degrees N during August-September. Precipitation decreases occurred most commonly in countries between 0-20 degrees N, and increases mostly occurred outside of this latitudinal region. Similarly, a quantile ensemble analysis based on projections from 16 General Circulation Models (GCMs) for 2070-2099 identified the median projected change within countries, which showed both latitudinal and regional patterns in projected temperature and precipitation change. Conclusions/Significance: The results of these analyses are consistent with those reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but at the same time, they provide examples of how Climate Wizard can be used to explore regionally- and temporally-specific analyses of climate change. Moreover, Climate Wizard is not a static product, but rather a data analysis framework designed to be used for climate change impact and adaption planning, which can be expanded to include other information, such as downscaled future projections of hydrology, soil moisture, wildfire, vegetation, marine conditions, disease, and agricultural productivity.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000272833800015</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, Evan H. Zganjar, Chris Raber, George T. Maurer, Edwin P. Kareiva, Peter Lawler, Joshua J.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luedeling, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climatic changes lead to declining winter chill for fruit and nut trees in California during 1950-2099</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Library of Science</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e6166</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Winter chill is one of the defining characteristics of a location's suitability for the production of many tree crops. We mapped and investigated observed historic and projected future changes in winter chill in California, quantified with two different chilling models (Chilling Hours, Dynamic Model).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;Methodology/Principal Findings&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on hourly and daily temperature records, winter chill was modeled for two past temperature scenarios (1950 and 2000), and 18 future scenarios (average conditions during 2041â€“2060 and 2080â€“2099 under each of the B1, A1B and A2 IPCC greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, for the CSIRO-MK3, HadCM3 and MIROC climate models). For each scenario, 100 replications of the yearly temperature record were produced, using a stochastic weather generator. We then introduced and mapped a novel climatic statistic, â€œsafe winter chillâ€, the 10% quantile of the resulting chilling distributions. This metric can be interpreted as the amount of chilling that growers can safely expect under each scenario. Winter chill declined substantially for all emissions scenarios, with the area of safe winter chill for many tree species or cultivars decreasing 50â€“75% by mid-21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century, and 90â€“100% by late century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;Conclusions/Significance&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both chilling models consistently projected climatic conditions by the middle to end of the 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century that will no longer support some of the main tree crops currently grown in California, with the Chilling Hours Model projecting greater changes than the Dynamic Model. The tree crop industry in California will likely need to develop agricultural adaptation measures (e.g. low-chill varieties and dormancy-breaking chemicals) to cope with these projected changes. For some crops, production might no longer be possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/sec&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCoy, M. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating Aggregate Terrestrial Impacts of Road Construction Projects for Advanced Regional Mitigation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Management</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">936-948</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0364-152X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study presents a GIS-based database framework used to assess aggregate terrestrial habitat impacts from multiple highway construction projects in California, USA. Transportation planners need such impact assessment tools to effectively address additive biological mitigation obligations. Such assessments can reduce costly delays due to protracted environmental review. This project incorporated the best available statewide natural resource data into early project planning and preliminary environmental assessments for single and multiple highway construction projects, and provides an assessment of the 10-year state-wide mitigation obligations for the California Department of Transportation. Incorporation of these assessments will facilitate early and more strategic identification of mitigation opportunities, for single-project and regional mitigation efforts. The data architecture format uses eight spatial scales: six nested watersheds, counties, and transportation planning districts, which were intersected. This resulted in 8058 map planning units statewide, which were used to summarize all subsequent analyses. Range maps and georeferenced locations of federally and state-listed plants and animals and a 55-class landcover map were spatially intersected with the planning units and the buffered spatial footprint of 967 funded projects. Projected impacts were summarized and output to the database. Queries written in the database can sum expected impacts and provide summaries by individual construction project, or by watershed, county, transportation district or highway. The data architecture allows easy incorporation of new information and results in a tool usable without GIS by a wide variety of agency biologists and planners. The data architecture format would be useful for other types of regional planning.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000265440700016</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne, James H. Girvetz, Evan H. McCoy, Michael C.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huber, P. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quinn, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCoy, M. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integration of Regional Mitigation Assessment and Conservation Planning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology and Society</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1708-3087</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Government agencies that develop infrastructure such as roads, waterworks, and energy delivery often impact natural ecosystems, but they also have unique opportunities to contribute to the conservation of regional natural resources through compensatory mitigation. Infrastructure development requires a planning, funding, and implementation cycle that can frequently take a decade or longer, but biological mitigation is often planned and implemented late in this process, in a project-by-project piecemeal manner. By adopting early regional mitigation needs assessment and planning for habitat-level impacts from multiple infrastructure projects, agencies could secure time needed to proactively integrate these obligations into regional conservation objectives. Such practice can be financially and ecologically beneficial due to economies of scale, and because earlier mitigation implementation means potentially developable critical parcels may still be available for conservation. Here, we compare the integration of regional conservation designs, termed greenprints, with early multi-project mitigation assessment for two areas in California, USA. The expected spatial extent of habitat impacts and associated mitigation requirements from multiple projects were identified for each area. We used the reserve-selection algorithm MARXAN to identify a regional greenprint for each site and to seek mitigation solutions through parcel acquisition that would contribute to the greenprint, as well as meet agency obligations. The two areas differed in the amount of input data available, the types of conservation objectives identified, and local land-management capacity. They are representative of the range of conditions that conservation practitioners may encounter, so contrasting the two illustrates how regional advanced mitigation can be generalized for use in a wide variety of settings. Environmental organizations can benefit from this approach because it provides a platform for collaboration with infrastructure agencies. Alone, infrastructure agency mitigation obligations will not satisfy all greenprint objectives, but they can be a major contributor to the ongoing process of implementing ecologically sustainable regional plans.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000267846300032</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne, James H. Huber, Patrick R. Girvetz, Evan H. Quinn, Jim McCoy, Michael C.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greco, S. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-scale predictive habitat suitability modeling based on hierarchically delineated patches: an example for yellow-billed cuckoos nesting in riparian forests, California, USA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1315-1329</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne, J. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berry, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaeger, J. A. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integration of landscape fragmentation analysis into regional planning: A statewide multi-scale case study from California, USA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">205-218</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0169-2046</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape fragmentation due to urban development, transportation infrastructure, and agriculture poses a threat to environmental integrity. There is a need to quantify the level of landscape fragmentation in an ecologically meaningful way for inclusion in planning and decision-making. Effective mesh size (m(eff)) is an ecologically relevant metric that quantifies landscape fragmentation based on the probability that two randomly chosen points in a region are located in the same non-fragmented patch. We investigated variation in meff measured by transportation districts, municipal counties, and six spatial levels of watersheds within the state of California. Four fragmentation geometries were developed by overlaying highways, roads, urbanized areas, agricultural areas, and natural fragmenting features. Two m(eff) calculation methods were compared: one where planning unit boundaries fragment the landscape (CUT), the other allowing for cross-boundary connections (CBC). The CUT procedure always produced lower m(eff) values than CBC, with greater differences occurring in smaller planning units, confirming the bias introduced using boundaries with landscape metrics. Calculated m(eff) values varied from 0 to 20 885 km(2) across 6994 units in California. Roads contributed the most to fragmentation, while agriculture contributed little, as California's agricultural areas are already heavily fragmented by roads. This paper provides a systematic, quantitative, and intuitive method for transportation, land use and environmental planners to analyze cumulative impacts of multiple fragmenting features across a range of spatial scales within a variety of planning units. This approach could be used for analyzing the impact of future land development scenarios, and integrated into regional planning processes. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000257426400001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 0</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greco, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsen, E. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mann, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuil, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowney, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relative elevation topographic surface modelling of a large alluvial river floodplain and applications for the study and management of Riparian landscapes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">461-486</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0142-6397</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents a novel and useful spatial modelling technique to create a topographic surface that estimates a floodplain's elevation relative to the average low-flow water surface elevation of a river channel. This model was applied to a 121km study area of the middle Sacramento River, California, USA, where it was tested as a surrogate for observed water table depth and an observed 3.3 year recurrence interval flood inundation surface using independent data sets. The modelled relative elevation topographic surface correlated significantly (p &lt; 0.005) to observed well water depths suggesting that the modelled surface reflected a reasonable approximation of vertical distance to the water table. Results from a flood inundation pattern analysis indicated an overall accuracy of 79% for correctly predicting inundated and non-inundated zones. The model was then used to measure relative channel bank height and the distribution of riparian plant communities to examine landscape ecological relationships.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000258295400005</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greco, S. E. Girvetz, E. H. Larsen, E. W. Mann, J. P. Tuil, J. L. Lowney, C.</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaeger, J. A. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne, J. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comment on &quot;Roadless space of the conterminous United States&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0036-8075</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000251086600021</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Times Cited: 0</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greco, S. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How to define a patch: a spatial model for hierarchically delineating organism-specific habitat patches</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1131-1142</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape analysis and delineation of habitat patches should take into account organism-specific behavioral and perceptual responses to landscape structure because different organisms perceive and respond to landscape features over different ranges of spatial scales. The commonly used methods for delineating habitat based on rules of contiguity do not account for organism-specific responses to landscape patch structure and have undesirable properties, such as being dependent on the scale of base map used for analysis. This paper presents an improved patch delineation algorithm, “PatchMorph,” which can delineate patches across a range of spatial scales based on three organism-specific thresholds: (1) land cover density threshold, (2) habitat gap maximum thickness (gap threshold), and (3) habitat patch minimum thickness (spur threshold). This algorithm was tested on an “idealized” landscape with landscape gaps and spurs of known size, and delineated patches as expected. It was then applied to delineate patches from a neutral random fractal landscape, which showed that as the input gap and spur thickness thresholds were increased, the number of patches decreased from 59 (low thresholds) patches to 1 (high thresholds). The algorithm was then applied to model western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) nesting habitat patches based on spur and gap thresholds specific to this organism. Both these analyses showed that fewer patches were delineated by PatchMorph than by rules of contiguity, and those patches were larger, had smoother edges, and had fewer gaps within the patches. This algorithm has many applications beyond those presented in this paper, including habitat suitability analysis, spatially explicit population modeling, and habitat connectivity analysis.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsen, E. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fremier, A. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape level planning in alluvial riparian floodplain ecosystems: Using geomorphic modeling to avoid conflicts between human infrastructure and habitat conservation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsc. Urban Plan.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsc. Urban Plan.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bank erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FORESTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANAGEMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANAGING RIVER FLOWS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEANDERING RIVERS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIGRATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REGIMES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESTORATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RIPARIAN VEGETATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">river bend cutoff</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">river channel meander migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sacramento River</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">338-346</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0169-2046</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">River channel movement processes necessary to maintain the natural heterogeneity in wildlife-dependent riparian ecosystems often conflict with the need to protect adjacent human infrastructure (e.g. towns, bridges, water pumps). This conflict can be avoided through long-term planning efforts which use process-based geomorphic simulation modeling to forecast potential long-term (&gt; 50 years) landscape-level effects of water management decisions on river meander migration. We describe two management conflicts from the Sacramento River, California, USA, and analyze alternative management scenarios using results from a meander migration and cutoff simulation model. The first example shows that the existing rock revetment upstream from Woodson Bridge State Recreation Area alters the river meandering and causes erosion problems. Removing the revetment would relocate the channel and create a natural meander-neck chute cutoff, reducing erosion at the park while providing ecosystem benefits. The second example suggests that although a bank revetment is needed to prevent the river from moving away from a major water pump, removing an upstream bank revetment would provide habitat benefits without causing pump facility problems. These examples demonstrate the benefits of taking a long-term, landscape-level view when implementing infrastructure projects in dynamic landscapes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000244584600014</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 141NCTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 34</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, Davis, CA 95616 USA.Larsen, EW, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.ewlarsen@ucdavis.edu ehgirvetz@ucdavis.edu akfremier@ucdavis.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shilling, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical and financial barriers to implementing a nature reserve network in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape and Urban Planning</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsc. Urban Plan.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landsc. Urban Plan.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">connectivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISTURBANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOSYSTEM SERVICES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fragmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HABITAT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reserve design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">road impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">road mitigation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">subdivision</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-172</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0169-2046</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To understand the potential financial cost of acquiring lands within a proposed reserve network for the Sierra Nevada, CA, USA, we used an assessors GIS database to estimate the acquisition cost in one county within the network to be US$ 2.5 billion. When only larger parcels were selected for the reserve network, the cost of the network decreased exponentially as the size-threshold for parcel selection increased, while the total area of the network decreased only linearly. Although acquiring only larger parcels may make sense financially, it does not result in adequate habitat representation because the spatial distribution of parcels is such that the lower elevation oak woodland and mid-elevation conifer forests tend to be on smaller parcels, which fall below the larger size thresholds and the resulting potential reserve areas are fragmented. Then, for the area surrounding the two major highways that cross the Sierra Nevada, we identified seventeen road barrier areas and six urban conflict areas that pose major, but possibly mitigable barriers to wildlife movement at different time scales. We propose that (1) wildlife conflicts with highway traffic could be feasibly mitigated by installing wildlife overcrossings at the identified locations and (2) constraints on development rather than land acquisition are necessary to protect biodiversity. Finally, we suggest that a combination of highway crossings and restrictions on land-use may be the cheapest way to protect biodiversity in the Sierra Nevada. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000245144800016</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 149KCTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 22</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci &amp; Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.Shilling, F, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci &amp; Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.fmshilling@ucdavis.edu ehgirvetz@ucdavis.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adjemian, J. C. Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beckett, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, J. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP) modeling approach for predicting distributions of fleas implicated as vectors of plague, Yersinia pestis, in California</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Medical Entomology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Med. Entomol.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Med. Entomol.J. Med. Entomol.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CERATOPHYLLIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COUNTY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fleas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GARP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PASTEURELLA-PESTIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plague</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RODENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAN-FRANCISCO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIPHONAPTERA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SMALL MAMMALS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYLVATIC PLAGUE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRANSMISSION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNITED-STATES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vector</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93-103</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-2585</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">More than 20 species of fleas in California are implicated as potential vectors of Yersinia pestis. Extremely limited spatial data exist for plague vectors-a key component to understanding where the greatest risks for human, domestic animal, and wildlife health exist. This study increases the spatial data available for 13 potential plague vectors by using the ecological niche modeling system Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP) to predict their respective distributions. Because the available sample sizes in our data set varied greatly from one species to another, we also performed an analysis of the robustness of CARP by using the data available for flea Oropsylla montana (Baker) to quantify the effects that sample size and the chosen explanatory variables have on the final species distribution map. CARP effectively modeled the distributions of 13 vector species. Furthermore, our analyses show that all of these modeled ranges are robust, with a sample size of six fleas or greater not significantly impacting the percentage of the in-state area where the flea was predicted to be found, or the testing accuracy of the model. The results of this study will help guide the sampling efforts of future studies focusing on plague vectors.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000234700300013</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 003RWTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 51</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Landscape Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Div Biostat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med &amp; Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.Adjemian, JCZ, Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsen, E. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fremier, A. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing the effects of alternative setback channel constraint scenarios employing a river meander migration model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Management</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Manage.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Manage.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BED-LOAD SEDIMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constraint setback</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOSYSTEMS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLOODPLAIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLOW</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydraulic simulation model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MISSOURI RIVER</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxbow lake</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RESTORATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RIPARIAN VEGETATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">river</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">river meander migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sacramento River</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">setback levee</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">USA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">880-897</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0364-152X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">River channel migration and cutoff events within large river riparian corridors create heterogeneous and biologically diverse landscapes. However, channel stabilization (riprap and levees) impede the formation and maintenance of riparian areas. These impacts can be mitigated by setting channel constraints away from the channel. Using a meander migration model to measure land affected, we examined the relationship between setback distance and riparian and off-channel aquatic habitat formation on a 28-km reach of the Sacramento River, California, USA. We simulated 100 years of channel migration and cutoff events using 11 setback scenarios: 1 with existing riprap and 10 assuming setback constraints from about 0.5 to 4 bankfull channel widths (bankfull width: 235 m) from the channel. The percentage of land reworked by the river in 100 years relative to current (riprap) conditions ranged from 172% for the 100-m constraint setback scenario to 790% for the 800-m scenario. Three basic patterns occur as the setback distance increases due to different migration and cutoff dynamics: complete restriction of cutoffs, partial restriction of cutoffs, and no restriction of cutoffs. Complete cutoff restriction occurred at distances less than about one bankfull channel width (235 m), and no cutoff restriction occurred at distances greater than about three bankfull widths (similar to 700 m). Managing for point bars alone allows the setbacks to be narrower than managing for cutoffs and aquatic habitat. Results suggest that site-specific &quot;restriction of cutoff&quot; thresholds can be identified to optimize habitat benefits versus cost of acquired land along rivers affected by migration processes.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000236972900011</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 035AUTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 72</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, Davis, CA 95616 USA.Larsen, EW, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, Davis, CA 95616 USA.ewlarsen@ucdavis.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsen, E. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fremier, A. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling the effects of variable annual flow on river channel meander migration patterns, Sacramento River, California, USA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the American Water Resources Association</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bank erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOSYSTEMS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EQUATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ESTABLISHMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLOODPLAIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluvial processes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geomorphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">meander migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RECRUITMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REGIMES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">riparian ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RIPARIAN VEGETATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SURVIVAL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1063-1075</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1093-474X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flow regulation impacts the ecology of major rivers in various ways, including altering river channel migration patterns. Many current meander migration models employ a constant annual flow or dominant discharge value. To assess how flow regulation alters river function, variable annual flows based on an empirical relationship between bank erosion rates and cumulative effective stream power - were added into an existing migration model. This enhanced model was used to evaluate the potential geomorphic and ecological consequences of four regulated flow scenarios (i.e., different hydrographs) currently being proposed on the Sacramento River in California. The observed rate of land reworked correlated significantly with observed cumulative effective stream power during seven time increments from 1956 to 1975 (r(2) = 0.74, p = 0.02). The river was observed to rework 3.0 ha/yr of land (a mean channel migration rate of 7.7 m/yr) with rates ranging from 0.8 ha/yr to 5.1 ha/yr (2.0 to 13.3 m/yr), during the analyzed time periods. Modeled rates of land reworked correlated significantly with observed rates of land reworked for the variable flow model (r2 = 0.78, p = 0.009). The meander migration scenario modeling predicted a difference of 1 to 8 percent between the four flow management scenarios and the base scenario.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000240644500018</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 086ACTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 57</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, Davis, CA 95616 USA.Larsen, EW, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.ewlarsen@ucdavis.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sokolow, S. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, C. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial epidemiology of Caribbean yellow band syndrome in Montastrea spp. coral in the eastern Yucatan, Mexico</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrobiologia</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrobiologia</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2ND-ORDER ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coral disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disease ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISEASE OUTBREAK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographic information system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REEFS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spatial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPREAD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">statistics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZOOXANTHELLAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">548</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-40</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0018-8158</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caribbean yellow band syndrome (YBS) is a poorly understood, progressively fatal disease primarily affecting Montastraea spp. coral. This disease has exhibited rapid spread throughout the entire Caribbean over the last few decades. In this study, geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics were used to analyze the distribution of YBS in Akumal Bay, Mexico, and host and environmental risk factors for YBS were evaluated epidemiologically. In this Bay, there are hundreds of colonies of Montastraea annularis from I in depths inside the fringing reefs to reef crests and beyond. Of 63 corals that were evaluated, the overall prevalence of YBS in Akumal Bay was 28.6%, with 35.7% in large colonies, 23.8% in medium-sized colonies, and 23.8% in small colonies, where small colonies were &lt; 200 cm diameter, medium-sized were 200-500 cm, and large were &gt; 500 cm. Lesions covered 3.8% ( +/- 1.3 s.e.) of the surface of colonies assessed, compared with a mean percentage of dead colony cover of 54.4% ( +/- 4.2 s.e.). Analysis for spatial clustering documented that M. annularis colonies (well and sick) were highly spatially clustered, compared to expected complete spatial randomness. However, compared with all M. annularis corals, colonies with YBS tended to be less spatially clustered (i.e. within the overall clustered spatial distribution of M. annularis colonies, YBS-affected colonies' distribution was more regular). These findings are consistent with several hypotheses for the etiology of YBS, including near-shore pathogens or toxins either directly inducing disease or indirectly leading to disease by increasing host susceptibility. Ongoing investigations into the management and cause of YBS can use this information to develop management strategies and more efficiently target future sampling.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000232760900004</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 976VFTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 32</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med &amp; Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Design, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.Foley, JE, Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med &amp; Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.jefoley@ucdavis.edu</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shilling, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision support for road system analysis and modification on the Tahoe National Forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Management</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Manage.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environ. Manage.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMUNITIES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEICING SALTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISTURBANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Service</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HABITAT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMPACTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge base</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANAGEMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOUNTAINS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">road analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">roads</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUNOFF</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RURAL ROADS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">218-233</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0364-152X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The United States Forest Service is required to analyze road systems on each of the national forests for potential environmental impacts. We have developed a novel and inexpensive way to do this using the Ecosystem Management Decision Support program (EMDS). We used EMDS to integrate a user-developed fuzzy logic knowledge base with a grid-based geographic information system to evaluate the degree of truth for assertions about a road's environmental impact. Using spatial data for natural and human processes in the Tahoc National Forest (TNF, California, USA), we evaluated the assertion &quot;the road has a high potential for impacting the environment.&quot; We found a high level of agreement between the products of this evaluation and ground observations of a TNF transportation engineer, as well as occurrences of road failures. We used the modeled potential environmental impact to negatively weight roads for a least-cost path network analysis to 1573 points of interest in the forest. The network analysis showed that out of 8233 km of road analyzed in the forest, 3483 km (42%) must be kept in a modified road network to ensure access to these points. We found that the modified network had improved patch characteristics, such as significantly fewer &quot;cherry stem&quot; roads intruding into patches, an improved area-weighted mean shape index, and larger mean patch sizes, as compared to the original network. This analysis system could be used by any public agency to analyze infrastructure for environmental or other risk and included in other mandated analyses such as risks to watersheds.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000186279500004</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI Document Delivery No.: 738GZTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 52</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci &amp; Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.Girvetz, E, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci &amp; Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snyder, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girvetz, E. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mulder, E. P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Induction of marine mollusc stress proteins by chemical or physical stress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-29</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000169137900003</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">439VHARCH ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL</style></notes></record></records></xml>