RELIG 327
EASTERN CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS
ca. 30 AD Crucifixion of Jesus of
Nazareth
ca. 50-60 Epistles of Paul
64 Fire
of Rome; Neronian persecution
70 Destruction
of temple in Jerusalem
ca. 71-100 Gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke,
and John written
104 Christianity
declared illegal by Trajan
115 Martyrdom
of St. Ignatius of Antioch
150-215 St.
Clement of Alexandria
c. 130-200 St. Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons
from c. 178
161 Persecution
under Marcus Aurelius
ca. 180 Catechetical
School of Alexandria founded
185-254 Origen
250-251 Persecution
under Decius
ca. 250-336 Arius
251-356 St.
Anthony the Hermit
257-260 Persecution
under Valerian
270 Death
of Plotinus. Spread of
Manicheanism
298-373 St.
Athanasius
303 Persecution
under Diocletian
313 Edict
of Milan (by Constantine) declares toleration of all religions
325 Council
of Nicaea;
331 Constantinople
made official capital of Roman Empire
340-420 St.
Jerome, translator of Bible into Latin (the ³Vulgate²)
354-430 St.
Augustine of Hippo (conversion 386; Confessions 400)
361-363 Emperor
Julian the Apostate tries to restore paganism.
367 St.
Athanasius lists the present ³canon² of the New Testament
ca. 378-454 Eutyches
ca. 379 Rule
of St. Basil
380 Emperor
Theodosius the Great makes Christianity mandatory.
381 Council
of Constantinople ‹ ratifies final formulation of Nicene Creed;
coordinates
administrative structure of Church with that of empire.
392 Imperial
prohibition of non-Christian rites (by Theodosius)
395 Roman
Empire divided by sons of Theodosius
410 Sack
of Rome by Alaric, King of Goths
431 Council
of Ephesus ‹ condemns Nestorianism; designates Mary "Theotokos."
Leads
to schism of Nestorian Church.
449 ³Robber²
Synod at Ephesus (Monophysite)
451 Council
of Chalcedon ‹ formulates dogma of hypostatic union; condemns
monophysitism, Leads to schism of
Coptic Church and other monophysite churches.
476 End
of Western Roman Empire
529 Platonic
Academy (and other pagan philosophical schools) closed by
Justinian
535 Sixth
Novella of Justinian defines relation between Church and Empire
589 Council
in Toledo adds ³filioque² to Nicene Creed (locally).
570-632 Mohammed
725 Iconoclastic
controversy breaks out in East
787 Seventh
Ecumenical Council (Nicea II): Dogma of the veneration of icons
794-97 Carolingian
Councils of Frankfurt and Friuli add ³filioque² to Nicene Creed and impose its
use in Charlemagne¹s domain (Rome resists).
800 Charlemagne
crowned Roman Emperor (in west) by Pope in Rome.
843 Final
restoration of Icons in East; Feast of Orthodoxy
863 Baptism
of Boris, Czar of Bulgaria
867 Photius,
Patriarch of Constantinople, raises objections to ³Filioque.²
879
Council
of 400 Bishops in Constantinople condemns "Filioque." Council's decision accepted by Pope
John VIII.
988 Vladimir,
Prince of Kiev, converts to Christianity
1014 Papacy
adopts ³filioque² on occasion of Henry II¹s coronation in Rome.
1054 Formal
breach between East and West with mutual excommunications
1204 Sack
of Byzantium by Fourth Crusade
1204-61 Latin
Kingdom of Constantinople
1274 Council
of Lyons: Filioque and transubstantiation declared dogma in West; failed reunion
of Churches
1296-1359 St. Gregory Palamas
1341-1351 Hesychast councils in
Constantinople
1380 Battle
of Kulikovo wins partial freedom of Russians from Mongols
1389 Battle
of Kosovo: Serbs conquered by Turks
1438-1439 Council of Ferrara-Florence:
last attempt at reunion of East and West
1453 Turkish
Conquest of Constantinople (end of Roman Empire)
1503 Division
between Possessors and Non-Possessors in Russian Orthodoxy
1517 Martin
Luther posts theses in Wittenberg, beginning Reformation.
1545-63 Council
of Trent
1589 Head
of Russian Church designated Patriarch of Moscow
1600s Old
Believers in Russia break with official Russian Church
1700 Patriarchate
of Moscow discontinued (under Czar Peter the Great)
1721 Ecclesiastical
Regulation establishes governance of Russian Church by Holy
Synod
1869-70 Vatican
Council I: dogma of Papal Infallibility
1917 Russian
Revolution; Holy Synod abolished; Patriarchy of Moscow restored
1962-63 Vatican
Council II
1991 Communist
rule in Soviet Union ends, freeing Orthodox Churches there.