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=
=
Kelly
Toy
=
=
EIC
Notes
=
=
11/2/10
Smart Grid<=
/p>
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(U.S. department of energy multi-program lab)
Goals
·
Increase US energy capacity
·
Reduce dependence on imported oil
This is accomplished by improving grid reliability and
productivity
Smart grid will:
·
Deliver renewable generation- we have 3%
renewable energy in the US
·
Meet future carbon/emissions constraints
·
Electrify transportation sector- electric ca=
rs
being deployed
·
Maximize end-use efficiency
·
Ensuring security
There are 3 grids in the US- western, eastern, and tex=
as
·
Energy control centers make up the grid
·
They are used to get better situational
awareness and bring in more data
Transforming transmission levels
·
Phasors increase sampling from 6 seconds to =
60x
a second
·
This enables wide area view
·
US is putting a lot more phasor measurements=
·
In order to manage all this data utilities u=
se
visualization tools
Contingency Analysis Visualization tool
·
Load flow can be shown in real time
·
Tells operator where “bad” regions are –red-
which means the system is becoming unstable.
This will prevent blackouts because they can fix the problem before =
it
happens. For example they can redu=
ce
energy generation in one are and ramp it up in others
·
This prevents cascading of black outs becaus=
e it
gives 45 minute notice to fix the problem
Load duration curve
·
Plots the capacity of energy generation in h=
ours
of the year.
·
The US uses 75% of that capacity only 5% of =
the
time
·
Utilities build their system based on the pe=
ak
capacity which is only a few hours of the year.
·
Asset optimization- spreading out peak hours=
What is Smart grid?
·
Adding Information technology to the system<=
/p>
·
Transmission system optimized for better
utilization and reliability
·
Demand side resources are a two way interact=
ion
that allow customers to get information of pricing
Pricing
·
Energy is traded by the hourly rate because
demand peaks very high at certain times.
The price sometimes goes to zero.
·
By using transmission lines the utilities can
charge more to customers so they do not want to use energy at peak hours.=
p>
·
Real time pricing- energy is more expensive =
at
peak hours
·
Can consumers respond to real time pricing?<=
/p>
<=
span
style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>o&nb=
sp;
Yes, for example use a longer drying cycle at
peak times to reduce energy used
Olympic Peninsula demonstration Project
·
Customers saved 10% on their bill
·
Utilities saved 15% on their peak- huge gain=
·
They placed pricing on dryers, water heaters,
and thermostats
·
Demand response can reduce carbon emissions =
by
20%
·
Utilities make money on their fixed assets-
guaranteed rate of return.
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