Second Review Sheet, HSTAS 211
Schirokauer Chapter 5.
Words
to be able to identify
Sui Tang An Lushan Empress
Wu
Objective
questions
1.
Historians
often compare the Sui dynasty to the Qin dynasty because both Sui and Qin
a)
were
ruled by “barbarians”
b)
were
short-lived regimes
c)
unified
China
d)
adopted
Confucianism
2.
Under
the Sui dynasty, local governments
a)
enjoyed
greater autonomy
b)
used
the “rule of avoidance” to recommend officials
c)
were
made more accountable to the central government
3.
The
Sui dynasty not only adopted Buddhism, but also made use of Confucian and
Daoist traditions to legitimize the regime. (T/F)
4.
The
Sui emperors, Wendi and Yangdi, came from a northwestern aristocratic family
of mixed Chinese and foreign ancestry.
(T/F)
5.
Emperor
Yangdi completed his father’s ambitious project of building the ________ to
link the North China and the South China.
6.
The
most costly military venture in the Sui dynasty were three unsuccessful
campaigns against Koguryo, a state that controlled northern _________ and southern Manchuria.
7.
The
territory of the Tang was closest in size to the territory of
a.
the
Qin
b.
the
Han
c.
the
Shang
d.
the
Zhou
8.
In
terms of political policies, the early Tang generally followed and furthered
those initiated by the Sui. (T/F)
9.
Unlike
the Sui, the Tang dynasty did not launch any campaign outside of China proper.
(T/F)
10.
The
most famous traveler during Taizong’s reign was the Chinese monk, ________, who
journeyed to ________ and returned with Buddhist texts.
11.
________
was a concubine of Emperor Xuanzong.
She was said to have so captivated the emperor that he neglected all his
duties as a ruler.
12.
As
the capital of the Sui and the Tang, ________ was the largest planned city in
China and the most populous city in the world at the time.
13.
During
the Tang period, many foreigners came to China to learn Chinese culture. Among
these the most numerous were the ________.
14.
Although
Buddhism flourished in Tang times,
a)
Emperor
Wuzong had 260,000 monks defrocked in the 840s.
b)
No
new schools were introduced.
c)
Contact
with Buddhists in other parts of Asia became very rare
d)
Some
sects became strongly sinicized; some even were influenced by Daoism
15.
The
Tang period was a golden age of poetry and
a)
the
ability to write poetry was one of the accomplishments expected of a gentleman
b)
the
most popular genre at the time was the rhapsody
c)
the
two most beloved poets at the time were Sima Xiangru and Tao Qian
16.
In
the aftermath of the rebellion, the government strengthened its control over
the provinces, preventing the reemergence of governors with military
power. (T/F)
17.
In
780, the tax system was changed from the ______ field system to a system that
assessed tax according to the amount of
_____________. This tax involved
payments _____ times a year.
18.
Rather
than using the regular bureaucracy, the late Tang emperors depended heavily on
__________ of the “inner court.”
19.
The
Old Prose movement in late Tang aimed to
a)
reaffirm
core Confucian teachings
b)
return
to elegant parallelism
c)
revive
Han Confucianism
d) create a new calligraphy style based on Shang inscriptions
20.
The
period between the Tang and the Song dynasties is generally called ________
Period.
Short
essay questions
e.
In
what wasy does the Tang period deserve its reputation for cosmopolitanism?
f.
Who
posed a greater threat to the Tang imperial system, Empress Wu or An
Lushan? Justify your answer.
g.
Discuss
the evidence that Buddhism deeply penetrated Chinese life in Tang times.
Schirokauer Chapter 6.
Words
to be able to identify
Northern Song Southern
Song Kaifeng Hangzhou Zhu Xi Wang
Anshi The Four Books the Cheng brothers
Objective
questions
1.
Although
Song was one of the important dynasties in Chinese history, it was not as
militarily successful as the Han or Tang. (T/F)
2.
The
Song was founded by
a)
a
peasant rebel
b)
a
general
c)
a
relative of the child emperor of the last of the Five Dynasties
d)
a
strong man of mixed Chinese and Turkish ancestry
3.
The
most prestigious degree attainable through the civil service examination system
was called the _______.
4.
A
key difference between the Tang examination system and the Song one was that
a)
memorizing
the classics was no longer necessary
b)
gaining
patrons was no longer necessary
c)
the
process could be completed more quickly since the two stage process was
simplified to a one-stage one.
d)
competition
became more intense
5.
Wang
Anshi’s reforms included
a)
establishing a finance planning commission to
break the monopolies held by large merchants
b)
instituting
farming loans to help small farmers
c)
organizing
people into groups of families to ensure collective responsibilities
6.
The
leader of the opponents to Wang Anshi was _______, also know for his
accomplishments as an historian.
7.
The
manufacturing enterprises in the Northern Song capital, Kaifeng, include
production of
a)
iron
and steel
b)
cotton
c)
tobacco
8.
After
1127, North China was lost to the state of Jin, founded by the _______ people.
9.
An
indicator (indicators) of the development of commerce in the Southern Song was
a)
the
emergence of banks
b)
tax
exemptions for merchants
c)
the
emergence of merchant guilds
d)
the
use of paper money
10.
Although
the silk road and commerce with countries west of China was not as vibrant in
Song as in Tang times, there was still extensive foreign trade, due largely to
the development of __________.
11.
A
key conceptual pair of complementary opposite in Neo-Confucian thinking is
a)
li (principle) and qi (the vital force and substance)
b)
shi (cognition) and wu (awareness)
c)
wu (non-being) and xing (action)
12.
Neo-Confucianism
was more concerned with theoretical speculation than with moral seriousness and
family ethics. (T/F)
13.
The
versatile scholar ________ wrote poetry, painted, and served in
government. Among of his most famous
works were two rhapsodies on the Red Cliff, site a famous battle of the Three
Kingdoms Period.
14.
A
characteristic poetry genre in the Song was ci
poetry. Unlike the regulated poetry
that was popular in the Tang, the ci poetry
a)
permitted
the poet unusual freedom in diction
b)
required
great skill in fitting the words to the musical pattern
c)
usually
contained at least three to four rhyme patterns
d)
were
always very short, less than twenty syllables
15.
Which
art form was not notable for its advance during Song times?
a)
landscape
painting
b)
calligraphy
c)
ceramics
d)
bronze
16.
The
Southern Song was only a fraction of the size of the Northern Song, having lost
over half the land and over half the population. (T/F)
Short
essay questions
Schirokauer Chapter 7.
Words
to be able to identify
Chinggis Khubilai Yuan dynasty
Objective
questions
1.
Which
of the following places did Mongol armies not reach (as many as apply):
a)
Korea
b)
Moscow
c)
Bagdad
d)
Java
e)
Benares
f)
Kyoto
g)
Samarkand
h)
Constantinople
i)
Kiev
j)
Paris
2.
Yuan
control over all of China proper lasted longer than which of the following
dynasties (give as many as apply):
a)
Sui
b)
Tang
c)
Northern
Wei
d)
Northern
Song
3.
The
Yuan dynasty was the first non-Han dynasty to control the whole of China
proper. (T/F)
4.
In
the process of conquering China, the Mongols used many non-Mongol military
leaders as their royal men and granted
them privileges such as the receipt of lands to rule. (T/F)
5.
In
1264 Khubilai Khan transferred the capital to ________.
6.
Khubilai
Khan was very concerned about preserving the cultural identity and values of
the Mongols. One of his measures was
a)
to
prohibit Mongols marrying Chinese
b)
to
establish a dual (Chinese and Mongol) examination system
c)
to
hold a Mongol culture festival every other year
d)
to
organize a campaign to attack Persia and India
7.
Institutionalizing
political control was difficult for the Mongols because they had no written
language. (T/F)
8.
Under
the Yuan dynasty, Chinese society was divided into four categories along ethnic
lines. They were, from the highest to the lowest,
a)
Mongols,
semuren (Mongol allies), nanren (southerners), and hanren (Chinese)
b)
Mongols,
hanren, semuren, nanren
c)
Mongols,
semuren, hanren, nanren
d)
semuren, hanren, nanren, Mongols
9.
Although
Khubilai Khan was receptive to Confucianism and a generous patron of Chinese art and letters, he refused to
reinstitute the civil service examinations. (T/F)
10.
The
Yuan rulers were tolerant of different religious beliefs, but it was ________,
an amalgam of Indian Buddhism and the native Tibetan religion, that won
official patronage.
11.
An
important economic policy of the Yuan was
a)
Single
Whip Method of taxation
b)
promoting
East-West trade
c)
making
paper money the sole legal currency
12.
Under
the Yuan, strict policies on social control turned out to be successful and the
dynasty was never disturbed by major rebellions. (T/F)
13.
A
characteristic literary genre of the Yuan dynasty was
a)
the
drama
b)
the
regulated poem
c)
the
prose poem
d)
the
rhapsody
14.
The
Mongols, compared to the Khitans and Jurchens,
a)
were
readier to adopt Chinese institutions
b)
came
from further north
c)
had
a language linguistically closer to Chinese
d)
has
a native religion closer to the Chinese
15.
Among
the major economic developments of Yuan times in China were
a)
the
invention of paper money
b)
the
spread of cotton cultivation
c)
the
spread of European technology to China
d)
Chinese
dominance of overland east-west trade
e)
new
methods of spinning wool
f)
the
expansion of the Grand Canal
16.
When
the Mongols controlled all of China, they adopted many Chinese institutions,
but never succeeded in
a)
establishing
orderly succession to the throne
b)
attracting
Chinese scholars to serve in their government
c)
reinstituting
the civil service examinations
d)
controlling
the supply and value of paper currency
17.
The
Sinified Khitan, Yelü Chucai, is credited with convincing the Mongol Khan to
a)
compile
a Mongol law code
b)
reject
the proposal to turn North China into a pasturage
c)
reach
a peace agreement with the Song
d)
promote
Daoism at the Yuan court
e)
desist
in his plans to invade Japan
f)
eliminate
tax farming
18.
Although
the Jurchen, who held north China, proved difficult for the Mongols to conquer,
they had very little difficulty conquering the less martial Chinese in the
south, and the conquest of the Song was complete in less than ten years after
the fall of the Jin. (T/F)
19.
In
the process of conquering the Song, the Mongols acquired a large navy, which
they used to send expeditions against
a)
Japan
b)
Taiwan
c)
Java
d)
Sri
Lanka
e)
the
Philippines
20.
The
end of the Yuan period was marked by
a)
the
suicide of the last Yuan emperor
b)
the
murder of the last Yuan emperor
c)
the
last Yuan emperor and his court withdrawing to Mongolia
d)
the
abdication of the last Yuan emperor, who was then allowed to remain in China as
a virtual hostage
Short
essay questions
Schirokauer Chapter 8.
Words
to be able to identify
Ming Taizu Zheng
He Wang Yangming
Objective
questions
1.
The
dynastic change between the Yuan and Ming resembled most of the previous
dynasty changes because the founders of the new dynasty
a)
established
their regimes through force of arms
b)
had
a Chinese family name
c)
relied
on Confucian advice
d)
used
their family names as their dynasty’s name
2.
Followed
the Yuan precedent, the Ming dynasty divided the society into four categories
along ethnic lines. (T/F)
3.
During
the Ming dynasty, local gentry families were able to maintained their status
for generations because
a)
the
government would recertify their prestigious status every generation
b)
they
maintained solid economic roots through local land ownership
c)
they
invested their income in education which in turn secured their local status
d)
their
titles were hereditary
4.
The
li-jia system was established in the
early Ming and intended to assure the government’s control of the countryside.
Under this system,
a)
every ten families in an area constituted a jia, and ten jia formed a
li
b)
all
members of a li were responsible for
each other’s conduct
c)
the
li and the jia were used in exacting labor service
d)
every li had to set up a school
5.
In
the middle of the fifteenth century
a)
a
Ming emperor was captured by the Mongols
b)
the
Great Wall was repaired and rebuilt
c)
eunuch
power declined
d)
imperial
kilns produced very fine wares
6.
Hai Rui was known as a
a)
upright
critic of the government
b)
a
powerful but corrupt eunuch
c)
well
educated writer who collected popular stories
d)
painter
whose art combined Northern school and Southern school
7.
Zhang
Juzheng replaced the Two Tax System with ________. The new method of taxation provided for the consolidation of tax
obligations into a single annual bill.
8.
Population
in Ming times increased steadily from
a)
about
20 to about 40 million
b)
about
30 to about 60 million
c)
about
65 to about 150 million
d)
about
100 to about 250 million
9.
The
Ming government, when compared to the Tang and Song governments,
a)
relied
less on the examination system to recruit officials
b) had fewer worries on its northern borders
c)
was
much more innovative in its institutions
d)
had
more despotic emperors
10.
“Eight-legged”
refers to
a)
a
poetic form in eight lines
b)
an
architectural style involving eight pillars
c)
a
form of musical drama in eight scenes
d)
an
essay style required for the examinations with eight parts
11.
The
challenge for Ming thinkers was to retain the vitality of Confucian philosophy
in a world where Confucianism already dominated every aspect of people’s lives.
(T/F)
12.
According
to Wang Yangming, knowledge and action should never be confused or treated as
the same thing. (T/F)
13.
Another
Ming thinker, Li Zhi, was often identified by scholars with
a)
the
Su school
b)
the
Zhe school
c)
individualism
d)
Legalism
14.
Wei
Zhongxian is a famous late Ming
a)
philosopher
b)
novelist
c)
eunuch
d)
general
e)
rebel
15.
The
Ming dynasty ended in 1644 when the last emperor committed suicide after
a)
Li
Zhicheng seized Beijing
b)
Zhang
Xianzhong seized Beijing
c) the Manchus seized Beijing
d) his generals deserted him
16. The Ming was the last dynasty founded by Han Chinese. Other major dynasties founded by Han Chinese were
a)
Han
and Northern Wei
b) Han, Tang, and Song
c)
Northern
Wei, Tang, and Jin
d)
Song,
Liao, and Jin
Short
essay questions
Schirokauer Chapter 9 and 10
Words
to be able to identify
Mateeo
Ricci
Qing Manchus Kangxi Qianlong Dream of the Red Chamber
Objective
questions
1)
The
pioneers of European global expansion were the Portuguese who reached China in
early ________ century.
2)
Since
there was little demand in China for goods from Europe, Spanish and Portuguese
paid for their purchases in China in part through silver from __________.
3)
The
early missionaries in China tried very hard to
1.
gain
the support of the upper class
2.
refute
Confucian ideology
3.
be
taken as the equals of the Buddhist clergy
4)
The
“______ controversy” ended when Rome rejected the Jesuits policy of
accommodation with Confucianism.
5)
The
Qing dynasty was established by the Manchus in
1.
1444
2.
1544
3.
1644
4.
1744
6)
Like
the Mongols, the Manchus ruled south China for less than a century. (T/F)
7)
Many
Chinese officials supported the Manchus’ conquest of China because they preferred the Manchu Qing to unruly
Chinese rebels. (T/F)
8)
One
of the Manchus’ policies that made Chinese people felt humiliated was
1.
the
demand that all men wear their hair in a queue and shave their heads in
Manchu fashion
2.
the
establishment of the banner system which excluded Chinese
3.
to
allow Manchu men marry to Chinese women but not Chinese men to Manchu women
9)
Wang
Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, and Gu Yanwu were
all ______________ who fought for the Ming and refused to serve the Qing.
10) The three most successful
emperors in the early Qing were
1.
Emperors
Xuanzong, Zhongzong, and Wuzong
2.
Emperors
Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong
3.
Emperors
Henan, Shanxi and Zhejiang
4.
Emperors
Yunming, Qichang, and Gongxian
11) The Manchu rulers in the
early Qing were willing to adopt Chinese culture and encouraged Manchu women to
bind their feet. (T/F)
12) Historians often describe
Yongzheng’s reign as despotic because the emperor
1.
suppressed
many writings
2.
abolished
the secret palace memorial system
3.
abolished
the five-man Grand Council
13) The Qing achieved its
greatest prosperity and geographic territory under ________’s reign (1736-95).
14) By the end of the eighteenth
century more people lived in China than in Europe. (T/F)
Short
essay questions
1.
What accounts for the growth in China's
population between 1600 and 1800?
2.
What
intellectual trends were characteristic of the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries?
3.
In
this period why were Europeans more interested in expanding contact than the
Chinese were?
Schirokauer Chapter 11-12.
Words
to be able to identify
Opium War Taiping
Rebellion Zeng Guofan Li Hongzhang Self-Strengthening Movement Empress Dowager Ci Xi Sino-Japanese War
Objective
questions
1.
Under
Qianglong’s reign, foreign traders were restricted to ________. They were
allowed to reside there but not to bring their wives and settle down.
2.
The
Treaty of Nanjing, signed between China and ________, set the pattern for
China’s relations with the West for the next century.
3.
Key
features of the treaties China signed with western powers in the nineteenth
century included
a)
extraterritorialty
b)
fixed
tarrifs
c)
most-favored
nation clauses
d)
weapons
limitations
e)
provisions
for missionary activity
4.
After
the Treaty of Nanjing, five ports were opened to Western trade. However, foreign merchants were still not
allowed to reside with their families in them. (T/F)
5.
During
the period that the Manchu government had to deal with encroachments by the
foreign powers, it also suffered from internal crises, which included
a)
the
rise of Chinese dominance in the government
b)
population
pressure
c)
child
emperors
d)
peasant
rebellions
e)
eunuch
dominance of the inner court
6.
The
founder of the Taiping movement was Hong Xiuquan who
a)
received
Christian education in the U.S.
b)
failed
four-times at the civil service examination
c)
declared
himself the son of the God
d)
was
a Hakka
7.
Hong
Xiuquan and his disciples advocated
a)
millenarian
religious beliefs
b)
utopian
egalitarianism
c)
strict
morality
d)
doing
away with civil service examinations
e)
doing
away with footbinding
8.
The
Qing military campaigns against the Taiping and other rebels demonstrated that
a)
the
Manchus had retained their military prowess and the banner system its
effectiveness
b)
the
Manchus could not retain control of the government without relying on the
Chinese elite
c)
Confucianism
was still a vital part of Chinese intellectual life, as it could inspire men
like Zeng Guofan to devote themselves to serving the dynasty
d)
the
Taipings lacked commitment to their leaders
9.
During
the Late Qing, among the many problems the Qing government had to deal with
were
a)
Korea’s
expansionism
b)
the
sudden death of Empress Dowager Ci Xi
c)
communist
insurgency
d)
the
increased power of regions and governors-general
10.
During
the 1860s there was greater cooperation between the Qing and the Western Powers
than in the 1840s and 1850s. (T/F)
11.
One
of the leading reformers in the Late Qing’s self-strengthening movement was
a)
Yang
De
b)
Li
Hongzhang
c)
Sima
Guang
d)
Fan
Zhongyan
12.
The
prime political aim of the Empress Dowager Ci Xi was to help the Tongzhi
emperor to succeed in his reforms. (T/F)
13.
In
the mid-1890s China was the world’s largest exporter of
a)
gun
powder
b)
silk
c)
cotton
d)
opium
14.
The
__________ War was terminated by the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
15.
Besides
the Qing, the other dynasties that used Beijing as the capital were
a)
the
Tang dynasty
b)
the
Song dynasty
c)
the
Jin dynasty
d)
the
Yuan dynasty
e)
the
Ming dynasty
16.
One
explanation for the greater success of Japan in modernizing its industry and
military was that there was a greater foreign presence in Japan than China in
the late nineteenth century. (T/F)
17.
The
territory controlled by the Qing was larger than that controlled by which
earlier dynasties
a)
Han
b)
Jin
c)
Tang
d)
Song
e)
Yuan
f)
Ming
Short
essay questions
1. Compare the Taiping Rebellion to earlier
rebellions in Chinese history.
2. In the late nineteenth century, did China have
any successes in its attempts to resist imperialism?
3. Once China saw that Western military technology
gave it advantages, why didn't China more quickly adopt it?