Hist 498 E Marco Polo

Tuesday 1:30-3:30

293 Mary Gates Hall

Instructor: Patricia Ebrey

112A Smith ebrey@u.washington.edu

Office hours: Tuesday 3:30-4:30, Wednesday 1-2

This senior seminar will focus on Marco Polo’s Description of the World as a source for understanding Asia in the late thirteenth century. After reading Marco Polo in translation, we will look at the controversies surrounding the book and the uses scholars have made of it. The first four weeks will be devoted to common readings to give us all a solid foundation in the topic. During the next two weeks, students will begin their research project by reading first another primary source, then another major secondary source, and reporting on both orally in class. The last three weeks will be devoted to discussion of drafts of the research papers.

A packet of readings is available at Rams.

Grading: 40 % participation, 60% research paper

Research papers should draw on Marco Polo or engage Marco Polo issues in some other way. Below are some possible starting points:

1. Compare two or more early foreign perspectives on the Mongols or the Chinese (or some facet of Mongol or Chinese culture or society).

2. Compare two or more early travel accounts concerning a specific subject (trade, religion, social relations, and so on) in several countries.

3. Analyze evidence concerning Eurasian long-distance trade from one or more early travel accounts.

4. Analyze ways of conceptualizing cultural difference from one or more early travel account

5. Analyze how Christian ideas and practices shaped Marco Polo’s understanding of the societies and religions he encountered.

6. Analyze the European reception of Marco Polo’s book in a specified period.

Many other topics would also make good research papers. Do not feel limited to these ones, but do check with me if you want to go in a different direction. My one requirement is that students take topics that require them to do original research in primary sources, albeit translated ones, rather than rely primarily on modern studies. Aim for a length of 15 to 20 pages.

Schedule

Week 1 January 4 Introduction: travel literature as an historical source

Week 2 January 11 Marco Polo’s book

Read: The Travels of Marco Polo

Larner, Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, pp. 1-87

Packet article by Qiu

Week 3 January 18 Marco Polo and Asia

Read: Larner, Marco Polo and the Discovery of the World, pp. 88-150

Packet article by Franke

PROPOSE BOOKS TO READ FOR WEEKS 6 AND 7

Week 4 January 25 Questioning Marco Polo’s Book

Read: Frances Wood, Did Marco Polo Go to China?

PROPOSE A PAPER TOPIC, WITH MAIN SOURCES IDENTIFIED

Week 5 February 1 Defending Marco Polo’s Book

Read: four packet articles by de Rachewiltz, Jackson, Yang, and Huang and Gong.

Week 6 February 8 Oral reports on reading another primary source.

Week 7 February 15 Oral reports on reading another secondary source.

THOSE PRESENTING IN WEEK EIGHT MUST BRING COPIES OF THEIR PAPER DRAFT FOR EACH PERSON IN THE CLASS

Week 8 February 22 discussion of drafts

THOSE PRESENTING IN WEEK NINE MUST BRING COPIES OF THEIR PAPER DRAFT FOR EACH PERSON IN THE CLASS

Week 9 March 1 discussion of drafts

THOSE PRESENTING IN WEEK TENMUST BRING COPIES OF THEIR PAPER DRAFT FOR EACH PERSON IN THE CLASS

Week 10 March 8 discussion of drafts

Final paper due by 4 PM Monday March 14 in Ebrey’s mailbox in the History department office on the third floor of Smith

Books on reserve in the Undergraduate Library

Polo, Marco. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian: Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Trans. and ed. with notes, by Colonel Sir Henry Yule. London: J. Murray, 1903.

Polo, Marco. The Description of the World. Trans. and annotated by A.C. Moule & Paul Pelliot. London: G. Routledge, 1938. A "composite" version of the text; valuable for sinological expertise of the editors.

Dawson, Christopher. The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. (tr.by a nun of Stanbrook Abbey) New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955. The most accessible translation of the account of John of Plano Carpini on pp. 3-72.

Komroff, Manuel ed. Contemporaries of Marco Polo, Consisting of the Travel Records to the Eastern Parts of the World of William of Rubruck (1253-1255); the Journey of John of Pian de Carpini (1245-1247); the Journal of Friar Odoric (1318-1330) & the Oriental Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela (1160-1173). New York: Boni & Liveright, 1928.

Kahn, Paul, trans. The Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chinghis Khan; An Adaptation of the Yuan Ch‘ao Pi Shih. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1984.

Critchley, John. Marco Polo's Book. Variorum. 1992.

Olschki, Leonardo. Marco Polo's Asia: An Introduction to His "Description of the World" Called "Il milione." Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960

Campbell, Mary B. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400-1600. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

Bibliography

Primary Sources

1. Marco Polo’s Description of the World

Polo, Marco. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian: Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Trans. and ed. with notes, by Colonel Sir Henry Yule. London: J. Murray, 1903. This is the third ed., with additions by H. Cordier. ON RESERVE

Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo. (tr. and with an introd. Ronald Latham) Penguin Books, 1958. < Odegaard Stacks G370 .P72 1958 > The edition ordered at the bookstore.

Polo, Marco. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian: Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East (ed. with an introduction by George B. Parks), New York: Book League of America, 1929. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 915 P76LEy1>

Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo the Venetian.(ed. by Thomas Wright) London: G. Bell, 1904. <EAsia General Stacks G370 .P72 1904> the translation of Marsden revised with a selection of his notes

Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo; The Venetian. (ed. with an introduction by Manuel Komroff) New York: Horace Liveright, 1930. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 915 P76LEk> revised from Marsden's translation

2. Other travel accounts

A. By Europeans who reported on Mongolia or China during the Mongol period

1. Giovanni Da Pian Del Carpine, Archbishop Of Antivari D 1252

Hakluyt, Richard. The Texts and Versions of John de Plano Carpini and William de Rubruquis. (ed.by C. Raymond Beazley) Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967 <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS6 .H34 1903a>

2. Willem Van Ruysbroeck, Ca 1210 Ca 1270

Dawson 1955 (see above), pp. 87-220

Ruysbroeck, Willem van. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Mogke, 1253-1255 (tr. by Peter Jackson) London: Hakluyt Society, 1990. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G161 .H2 ser.2 no.173>

Hakluyt 1967 (see above), pp. 188-234.

Komroff 1928 (see above), pp. 52-209.

3. Sir John Mandeville

Mandeville, John, Sir. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. (tr. with an introduction by C.W.R.D. Moseley) New York: Penguin, 1983. <Odegaard Stacks G370 .M29 1983 >

Mandeville, John, Sir. Mandeville's Travels. (ed.by M. C. Seymour) Oxford: Clarendon P., 1967. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G370 .M29 1967>

Mandeville, John, Sir. The Book of John Mandeville: An Edition of the Pynson Text. (with commentary on the defective version by Tamarah Kohanski) Tempe, Ariz.: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001. <G370.M2 M3613 2001>

B. Non-European travelers of much the same period

1. Ibn Battuta

Ibn Batuta, The Travels of Ibn Battuta. Trans. by H.A.R. Gibb. Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press, 1958-2000 <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G161 .H2 ser.2 no.110, etc. LIB. HAS v.1-5> tr. with revisions and notes from the Arabic text

Yule, Henry, Sir. ed. Cathay and the Way Thither, Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China. London: Printed for the Hakluyt society, 1866. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 915.1 Yu9c v.2> Vol. Ⅳ Ibn Batuta pp. 1-168

2. Rabban Sauma

Budge, Wallis E. A. The Monks of Kubla Khan. London: Religious Tract Society, 1928. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 281.8 M749> Included among translations of the biographies of monks at the Yuan court

C. Chinese travelers who traveled west in early times, and other accounts of foreign countries

Faxian. Faxian, a Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms. (tr. and annotated with a Corean recension of the Chinese text, by James Legge) New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., 1965. <EAsia General Stacks DS6 .F33 1965/ Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS6 .F33 1965, 915 F11cEL1> Translation of Chinese monk Faxian’s narrative of his travel to India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in search of the Buddhist books of discipline

Li Chih-Ch'ang. The Travels of an Alchemist: The Journey of the Taoist Ch'ang-Ch'un from China to the Hindukush at the Summons of Chingiz Khan. London: Routledge, 1931. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 915.1 L61hE> Recorded by His Disciple Li Chih-Ch'ang. Tr. and Introd. by Arthur Waley, The translation omits the poetry scattered through the text; the introduction focuses mainly on the Taoist context for the work and its author.

Bretschneider, E. Mediaeval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. Vol. I. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1910. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 950 B75m v.1 ~v. 2 > In Waley's assessment, "a somewhat inaccurate abridgment of the Russian translation, furnished however with an annotation that is often valuable." He also includes translations of Ch'ang-ch'un's correspondence with Chingis Khan and the 1228 introduction to the text. Travelers to West; Ye-Lu Ch’u Ts’ai (1219), Wu-Ku-Sun(1220-1221), Ch’ang Ch’un(1221-1224) Ch’ang Te(1259) Yelu Hi Liang(1260-1263)

Chau Ju-Kua. Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. (tr. from the Chinese and annotated by Friedrich Hirth and W. W. Rockhill) St. Petersburg Printing Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1911. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 380.951 C39c translation of 諸藩志, International trade in southeast countries and China

Ma Huan, Ying-yai Sheng-lan: The overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores [1433]. Trans. J.V.G. Mills. Cambridge University Press. 1970. By an interpreter on Zheng He’s voyages.

D. Japanese or Korean travelers to China of early date

Ennin. Ennin's Diary: the Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law. (tr. by Edwin O. Reischauer). New York: Ronald Press Co., 1955. <EAsia General Stacks DS707 .E5 1955 / Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS 707 E 512 cop.2>

Ch’oe, Pu. Ch'oe Pu's diary: A Record of Drifting across the Sea. (tr. with intro. and notes by John Meskill). Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1965 <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 950.8 As78m no.17>

3. Accounts of the Mongols

A. By Mongols

Kahn, Paul. The Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chinghis Khan; An Adaptation of the Yuan Ch‘ao Pi Shih. (tr. by Francis Woodman Cleaves and Paul Kahn). San Francisco: North Point Press, 1984. ON RESERVE

Waley, Arthur. The Secret History of the Mongols, and Other Pieces. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1963. <Odegaard Stacks PJ27 .W3 / Suzzallo/Allen Stacks PJ27 .W3>

Yuan chao bi shi. The Secret History of the Mongols: the Life and Times of Chinggis Khan. Richmond: Curzon, 2000. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS19 .Y7813 2001>

Yuan chao bi shi. The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (tr. with a historical and philological commentary by Igor de Rachewiltz). Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2004. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS19 .Y7813 2004 v.1~ v.2>

B. By Persians

Juvayn¯i, ‘Al¯a' al-D¯in ‘At¯a Malik. Genghis Khan: The History of The World Conqueror (tr. from the text of Mizra Muhammad Qazvini by J.A. Boyle, with a new introduction and bibliography by David O. Morgan). Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS22. J8813 1997>

Rashid Aldin. The Successors of Genghis Khan.(tr. from the Persian by John Andrew Boyle). New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks D17 .R26933 1971 >

Rashiduddin Fazlullah. Jami'U't-tawarikh = Compendium of Chronicles. (tr.& annotation by W.M. Thackston). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 1998-1999 <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks D17 .R26933 1998 pt.1-3>

Secondary Sources

A. On Marco Polo

Cai, Meibiao, Wang, Yintang. tr. “Marco Polo in China.” (rev. by Yang Zhi and Tao Busi) Social Sciences in China (Beijing). 14. no.2 (Sum 1993):171~179

Cleaves, Francis Woodman. "A Chinese Source Being on Marco Polo's Departure and a Persian Source on His Arrival in Persia." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. vol 36(1976): 181~203

Gosman, Martin. “Marco Polo's Voyages: the Conflict between Confirmation and Observation.” (ed. by Martels, Zweder von) In Travel Fact and Travel Fiction: Studies on Fiction, Literary Tradition, Scholarly Discovery, and Observation in Travel Writing. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1994. pp. 72-84 < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G151 .T67 1994>

Heager, J. W., "Marco Polo in China? Problems with Internal Evidence." Bulletin of Sung and Yuan Studies, 14.(1978): 22~30 < East Asia Auxiliary DS751 .S85 LIB. HAS no.1-21 (1970-1989)>

Huang, Shijian, Gong, Yingyan; Deng, Ying; Liu, Xiangnan, trs. “ Marco Polo and the Great Wall: also on Did Marco Polo Go to China?”, Social Sciences in China (Beijing) 20, no.3(Fall 1999): 117~134. In packet

Huang, Shijian; Lu, Yunzhong, tr. “The Early Dissemination of Tea in Northern Asia and the Western Region--Why Marco Polo Never Mentioned Tea.” Social Sciences in China(Beijing) 15, no.4 (Win 1994): 167-1750

Rachewiltz, Igor de. "Marco Polo Went to China." Zentralasiatische Studien. 27(1997): 34~92 <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS785.A1 Z45> Long version of his critique of Wood's book and Additions and corrections, Zentralasiatische Studie. 28 (1998):177.

Jackson, Peter. “Marco Polo and His 'Travels'.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies. University of London(London) 61, pt.1 (1998): 82-101 In packet

Qiu, Shusen; Fang, Jun. “New Findings in Marco Polo studies: a Brief Report on the International Conference on Marco Polo and 13th Century China” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies (Berkeley) 31. (2001): 356-362. In packet.

Yang, Zhijiu. “ Marco Polo Did Come to China: a Reply to Did Marco Polo Go to China?” Social Sciences in China (Beijing) 19, no.3 (Fall 1998): 98-123 < EAsia Serials HC426 .S58> in packet

Critchley, John. Marco Polo's Book. Variorum. 1992. ON RESERVE

Olschki, Leonardo. Marco Polo's Asia; an Introduction to His "Description of the World" Called "Il milione." (Translated from the Italian by John A. Scott, and rev. by the author) Berkeley: University of California Press, Careful analysis of Marco's information, placed in the context of what else Europeans knew about Asia at the time. ON RESERVE

B. On European travelers to Mongolia and China and their impact in Europe

Arnold, Lauren. Princely Gifts and Papal Treasures: The Franciscan Mission to China and its Influence on the Art of the West, 1250-1350. San Francisco: desiderata Press, 1999.

Burnett, C. and Gautier Dalche, P. "Attitudes towards the Mongols in Medieval Literature." Viator. 22.(1991): 153~167 <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks CB3 .V53 > Interpretation of Medieval Literature – mainly Mirabilia Mundi – which reflected the change of the attitude to Monglos

Franke, Herbert. "Some Western Contacts under the Mongol Empire. " Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. series 6. vol 58, 1966. <East Asia Auxiliary DS1 .R57 v.2-9 (1962-1969) > In packet

Koss, Nicholas. “China in the Description of the World, usually Attributed to Marco Polo.” Fu Jen Studies: Literature & Linguistics(Taipei) no.29 (1996): 1-23

Morgan, D. “Preseter John and the Mongols.” In Prester John, the Mongols, and the Ten Lost Tribes. (ed. by Charles F. Beckingham and Bernard Hamilton) Brookfield, Vt.: Variorum, 1996. pp. 159-170. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G560 .P67 1996>

Campbell, Mary B. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400-1600. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988 ON RESERVE

Dunn, Ross E. The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century. London: Croom Helm. 1986. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS6 .D86 1986 >

Friedman, John Block. The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks GN269 .F74>

Higgins, Iain Macleod. Writing East: The "Travels" of Sir John Mandeville. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G370.M2 M3634 1997>

Lach, Donald Frederick. Asia in the Making of Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. <Odegaard Stacks DS33.1 .L3 v.1 > Mostly on later periods.

Moule, Arthur Christopher. Christians in China Before the Year 1550. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; New York and Toronto: The Macmillan Co., 1930. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 275.1 M86c>

Moule, Arthur Christopher. Quinsai; with Other Notes on Marco Polo. Cambridge University Press, 1957. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks 915 P76L1mz>

Rachewiltz, Igor de. Papal Envoys to the Great Khans. Stanford University Press, 1971. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks G370.A2 R3 1971> On reserve

C. On other travelers

Reischauer, Edwin O. Ennin's travels in Tang China. New York: Ronald Press Company, 1955. <Odegaard Stacks DS707 .R45>

Rossabi, Morris. Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the First Journey from China to the West. Tokyo, New York: Kodansha International; New York, N.Y.: Distributed in the U.S. by Kodansha America, 1992. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS752.6.S28 R67 1992> Excellent overview of East-West relations, the specific context for the journey, and the contents of the account about it.

D. On travel and long distance trade in late 12^th and 13^th Century

Chakravarti, Ranabir. “Horse Trade and Piracy at Tana (Thana, Maharashtra, India): Gleanings from Marco Polo”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (Leiden) 34, pt.2 (Jun 1991): 159-182

Bagrow, Leo. History of cartography. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964. <Odegaard Stacks GA201 .B313 1964 / Suzzallo/Allen Stacks GA201 .B313 1964> Research on European maps from the first world map to the late 19^th C.

Dotson, John E. Merchant Culture in Fourteenth Century Venice: the Zibaldone da Canal. Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1994. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks HF413 .Z513 1993>

Liu, Xinru. Silk and Religion; an Exploration of Material Life and the Thought of People AD 600-1200. Oxford University Press, 1996. < Suzzallo/Allen Stacks HD9926. E92 L85 1996>

Lopez, Robert Sabatino. The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976. <Odegaard Stacks HF395 .L64 1976> The short introductory research on the European commercial environment.

Sen, Tansen. Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations, 600-1400. 2003. University of Hawaii Press.

E. On the Mongols and the Mongol Empire

Allsen, Thomas T. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS740.5.I7 A45 2001>

Boyle, John Andrew. The Mongol World Empire, 1206-1370. London: Variorum Reprints, 1977. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS19 .B69 >

Franke, Herbert. China under Mongol Rule. Brookfield, Vt.: Variorum, 1994. <Tacoma Stacks DS752 .F67 1994> Collection of articles

Langlois John D. Jr. ed., China under Mongol Rule. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981. <EAsia General Stacks /Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS752 .C48> Collection of articles

Morgan, David. The Mongols. New York: B. Blackwell, 1986. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS19 .M67 1986>

Ratchnevsky, Paul. Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy. (tr. and ed. by Thomas Nivison Haining) Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA: Blackwell, 1992. <Suzzallo/Allen Stack DS22 .R3713 1992>

Rossabi, Morris. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988. <Odegaard Stacks DS752.6.K83 R67 1988> / <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS752.6.K83 R67 1988>

The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6. Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge University Press, 1994. < EAsia General Stacks DS735 .C3145 >

Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing. The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. Harvard East Asian Studies. 1978.

F. On the Religions of China and Mongolia

Jagchid, Sechin. “Chinese Buddhism and Taoism during the Mongolian Rule of China.” Mongolian Studies. Vol. 6 (1980): 61-98 < EAsia Serials DS798.A2 M65>

Chen, Kenneth. The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. Princeton University Press, 1973. <Odegaard Stacks BQ626 .C52 /Suzzallo/Allen Stacks BQ626 .C52>

Davis, Edward. Society and Supernatural in Song China. University of Hawaii Press, 2001. <EAsia General Stacks BL1802 .D38 2001>

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Gregory, Peter N. eds. Religion and Society in T'ang and Sung China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993. <EAsia General Stacks BL1802 .R45 1993>

Foltz, Richard. Religions of the Silk Road:Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fiftenth Century. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks BL1050 .F65 1999>

Hansen, Valerie. Changing God in Medieval China, 1127-1276. Princeton University Press, 1990. <EAsia General Stacks BL1802 .H35 1990>

Kohn, Livia. Daoism and Chinese Culture. Three Pines Press, 2001. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks BL1920 .K64 2001 >

Robinet, Isabelle. Taoism: Growth of a Religion. Stanford University Press, 1997. <EAsia General Stacks <BL1910 .R63 1997 >

Von Glahn, Richard. The Sinister Way: The Divine and the Demonic in Chinese Religious Culture. University of California Press, 2004. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks BL1800 .V66 2004>

G. On the Economy and Urban Culture of China

Chang, Chun-shu. “Maritime trade and images of the South Seas and the Western World in Sung China 960-1279.” International Congress of Orientalists, 29^th. Paris, 1973. pp.11-16.

Clark, Hugh R. Community, Trade, and Networks: Southern Fujian Province from the Third to the Thirteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks HC428.F84 C58 1991>

Crump, James Irving. Chinese Theater in the Days of Kublai Khan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 1990. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks PN2872 .C7 1990/ Odegaard Stacks PN2872 .C7 1990> Research on the culture of Yuan and late Sung period + three translation of dramas

Elvin, Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past: A Social and Economic Interpretation. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973. <EAsia General Stacks DS735 .E48 / Odegaard Stacks DS735 .E48 / Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS735 .E48>

Heng, Chye Kiang. Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999. <AUP General Stacks HT169.C6 H46 1999> Study about the Tang and Song capitals

Gernet, Jacques. Daily Life in China, On the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276. (tr.by H. M. Wright) New York: Macmillan, 1962. < EAsia General Stacks DS721 .G413>

Ma, Laurence J. C. Commercial Development and Urban Change in Sung China (960-1279). Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1971. <Odegaard Stacks HF3775 .M3/ Suzzallo/Allen Stacks HF3775 .M3>

Shiba, Yoshinobu. Commerce and Society in Sung China. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan, 1970. <Suzzallo & Easia HF3775 .S513>

So, Billy K. L. Prosperity, Region, and Institutions in Maritime China: the South Fukien Pattern, 946-1368. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000. <EAsia General Stacks HC428.F84 S58 2000> missing

H. On Inner Asia (Central Asia)

Adshead, Samuel Adrian M. Central Asia in World History. London: Macmillan, 1993. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS329.4 .A37 1993>

A.H. Dani, V.M. Masson ed. History of Civilizations of Central Asia. vol 4, Paris: Unesco, 1992. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS329.4 .H57 1992 v.4 pt.1>

Barfield, Thomas J. The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China. Cambridge, Mass.: B. Blackwell, 1989. <Odegaard Stacks DS329.4 .B37 1989>

Sinor, Denis. Studies in Medieval Inner Asia. Aldershot, Hampshire; Brookfield, Vt., USA: Ashgate Variorum, 1997. <Suzzallo/Allen Stacks DS329.4 .S56 1997>

Sinor, Denis ed. The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. <Odegaard Stacks DS329.4 .C35 1990 > Fundamental information of the geographical setting and ethnic groups of Inner Asia in pre-modern period.

Sinor, Denis. “Horse and Pasture in Inner Asian History.” Oriens Extremus. vol. 19. (1972): 171-183