Chance variation and Sampling distributions

Chance variation
The Law of Averages
Box models
Probability Histograms
Expected Values and Standard Errors for counts and sums
Normal approximation for probability histograms of counts and sums
Sampling from large populations: relating to box models.
Expected Values and Standard Errors for sample percents and sample means

Statistical Inference

Confidence intervals for population means and percents.
Interpreting confidence intervals.
Hypotheses: tests of hypotheses -- decision making
The null hypothesis (and the alternative***)
The P-value
z-test for value of a population mean or proportion
The SE of a difference **
z-test for the difference of means or of proportions.**

**: We do these, so we can talk about a couple of important real-life examples,
but they are not needed for this quarter's final exam.
They are officially in the course, but we did miss 3 class days for Holidays this quarter.
***: Don't worry about the ``alternative hypothesis''