Chronology for Türk Empires

Chronology for Türk Empires and Transoxiana
(Events involving the Arabs and Islam italicized; key dates in history of Türk empires in bold face.)

Date	Event
552	Founding of Türk Empire in Mongolia by kaghan Bumin.
557-561	Türks and Sasanians combine to destroy Hepthalite state in Central Asia, which had ruled, among other places, Sogdiana.
before 568	Sasanian rejection of Türk embassy to them requesting permission for Silk Route transit trade through their territories.
568	Türk embassy to Constantinople led by a Soghdian Maniakh, the idea being to bypass or combine against Sasanians.
569	Byzantine embassy back to Türks, with five further embassies exchanged by 576.
569-570	Türk war agains Sasanians; penetration of Kabul and Gandhara regions.
ca. 570	Türk rulers receiving 100,000 pieces of silk a year from China as presents [read, "tribute"]. Theirs is the first Eurasian steppe empire to extend from Roman/Byzantine world in west, Iranian/Sasanian in south and Chinese in East. The next example of such an empire is that of the Mongols.
by 583	Türk Empire splits into Eastern and Western halves. Period when Khwarezm (lower part of Amu Darya R., S. of Aral Sea) and Sugd/Sogdiana (Zerafshan and Kashka Darya R., including area around Samarkand) likely autonomous kingdoms which become independent only with T'ang defeat of Türks in next century, on the eve of the Arab invasions.
late 6th c.	Founding of Khazar state north of Caspian.
622	The Hijra.
627	W. Türk and Byzantine armies fighting Sasanians.
630	T'ang defeat Eastern Türks. Xuanzang visits court of W. Türk kaghan T'ung Yabghu, near L. Issyk-Kul (modern Kyrgyzstan).
642	Beginning of Khazar war against Arabs.
late 650s	T'ang defeat last of rulers of first Türk empire.
673	Arab raids to Bukhara, across Oxus R.
680	Arab raids to Khwarizm, Samarkand.
682-692	Elterish reunites Türks and creates second Türk empire.
705	Beginning of systematic Arab conquest of Transoxiana Governor of Khurasan, Qutaiba b. Muslim.
712	Arabs take Samarkand.
713	Arab embassy to China.
716-734	Peak of second Türk empire under Bilgä kaghan.
722	Soghdian ruler of Panjikent, Divashtich, surrenders to Arabs at Mt. Mug in upper Zeravshan Valley.
732	Daughter of Khazar kaghan marries son of Byzantine Emperor.
740s	Bihafarid movement in Khurasan.
744-748	Abbasid revolt, with key role played by Abu Muslim in Khurasan.
750	Establishment of Abbasid Caliphate, capital to be in Baghdad.
751	Arabs defeat Chinese in battle of Talas.
754	Head of last Türk kaghan presented to T'ang emperor by Uighurs.
late 8th c.	Khazar ruler converts to Judaism.
874/875	Isma'il Samani (the "real founder" of the Samanid dynasty) becomes governor of Bukhara.
921-922	Arab envoy Ibn Fadlan visits Khazars on Volga R.
965	Destruction of Khazars by prince of the Rus' Sviatoslav.