¥European Union 8%
¥U.S. 7%
¥Japan and Canada 6%
¥Russia and Ukraine 0% just hold base line
¥If all met targets = 5.2% below 1990 levels
¥
¥Last minute changes to get agreement:
¥
¥Mechanisms for exchange of emission-reduction
obligations between nations by paying cost of larger cut elsewhere
¥
¥Meeting obligations by planting trees
¥Lots of additions negotiations over next 3 years after
Kyoto signing
¥
¥USA, Russia, Japan, Canada and others sought more
liberal credit fro enhancing CO2 uptake by
forests, more flexibility to substitute cuts abroad for cuts a home; Europeans wanted less
flexibility in these regards
¥
¥2000 at Hague, French and German Green Party members say
costs/concessions too great to get USA committed
¥
¥Clinton record confusion and inconsistent
¥
¥Bush clearly hostile
¥
¥2002 Bush issues proposal for Ògreenhouse
gas intensityÓ - GHG
emissions/$1 of GDP 18%, more $ for research, tax incentives for renewable energy, programs for voluntary reduction activities