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Who were/are RussiaÕs Kyoto stakeholder players?
What has been RussiaÕs history regarding Kyoto?
Andrei Illarionov, still frame from NTV channel
Meeting of the Russian Cabinet of Ministers / Frame from NTV Channel
Why did Russia ratify the Kyoto Protocol?
Cap and Trade:
 Data for Two Case Studies
Carbon Intensity by Region, 2001-2025 (Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent per Million $1997)
Slide 9
Scenarios for Russian CO2 emissions assuming growth rates of 2, 4, 6, and 7.2% (GDP doubling in 10 years) for fast and slow intensity improvements
Source: Alexander A. Golub, ÒThe Kyoto Protocol and Steady Economic Growth in Russia: Road Block or Path Forward?Ó (http://3980_steadyeconomicgrowthinRussia_09082004.pdf)
Russian GDP and Energy Intensity Projections
 Table I.13.  Characteristics of Scenarios of Emissions of Kyoto Gases in the Russian Federation to 20201
Estimated GHG emissions in 2004 & potential for reductions in RussiaÕs natural gas sector & gas flaring
Generic  potential JI project types by sector
What are the elements/needs for Russian institutional compliance?
Status and Importance of Regional GHG Inventories in Russia
What are the Russian major compliance/data gap problems?
Russian Kyoto Compliance Summary
Russian Challenges to Creation of a Strong Climate-Change-Related Policy and Strategy
Significant Results Arising from Russian Ratification of Kyoto
Benefits to Russia from Kyoto Ratification
Key Challenges to Russia as a Result of Its Ratification of Kyoto Protocol
Focusing forward
Figure 5.8 Changes in IPCC model grids
 Setting up a numerical atmospheric model
Data sources for UK Met Office global weather forecasting model.
Figures 5.4a & 5.4B

Source: Houghton, 2009, pp. 98.
Data sources for UK Met Office global weather forecasting model.
Figures 5.4c & 5.4d

Source: Houghton, 2009, pp. 99.
Figure 5.5 Errors
Figure 5.6 Potential Improvements in Forecast Skill
Figure 5.7.  Pendulum illustrations
Figure 5.8 Isopleths of surface pressure patterns from 51-member ensemble
Figure 5.9. Monthly values of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)
Figure 5.10 Schematic illustrationg El Nino oscillation.
Figure 5.11 Observed Sahel July-September rainfall
Figure 5.12  Plots of forecasts of El Nino events forcasting sea surface temperatue
Figure 5.13 Schematic of the climate system
Figure 5.14 Schematic of the physical processes associated with clouds.
Figure 5.15a Annual mean net cloud radiative forcing (CRF)
Figure 5.15b Comparison of observed longwave, short wave, & net radiation at top of atmosphere.
Table 5.1 Estiamtes of global average temperature changes under different assumptions about changes in greenhous gases and clouds