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| Who were/are RussiaÕs Kyoto stakeholder players? |
| What has been RussiaÕs history regarding Kyoto? |
| Andrei Illarionov, still frame from NTV channel |
| Meeting of the Russian Cabinet of Ministers / Frame from NTV Channel |
| Why did Russia ratify the Kyoto Protocol? |
| Cap and Trade: Data for Two Case Studies |
| Carbon Intensity by Region, 2001-2025 (Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent per Million $1997) |
| Slide 9 |
| Scenarios for Russian CO2 emissions assuming growth rates of 2, 4, 6, and 7.2% (GDP doubling in 10 years) for fast and slow intensity improvements |
| Source: Alexander A. Golub, ÒThe Kyoto Protocol and Steady Economic Growth in Russia: Road Block or Path Forward?Ó (http://3980_steadyeconomicgrowthinRussia_09082004.pdf) |
| Russian GDP and Energy Intensity Projections |
| Table I.13. Characteristics of Scenarios of Emissions of Kyoto Gases in the Russian Federation to 20201 |
| Estimated GHG emissions in 2004 & potential for reductions in RussiaÕs natural gas sector & gas flaring |
| Generic potential JI project types by sector |
| What are the elements/needs for Russian institutional compliance? |
| Status and Importance of Regional GHG Inventories in Russia |
| What are the Russian major compliance/data gap problems? |
| Russian Kyoto Compliance Summary |
| Russian Challenges to Creation of a Strong Climate-Change-Related Policy and Strategy |
| Significant Results Arising from Russian Ratification of Kyoto |
| Benefits to Russia from Kyoto Ratification |
| Key Challenges to Russia as a Result of Its Ratification of Kyoto Protocol |
| Focusing forward |
| Figure 5.8 Changes in IPCC model grids |
| Setting up a numerical atmospheric model |
| Data sources for UK Met
Office global weather forecasting model. Figures 5.4a & 5.4B Source: Houghton, 2009, pp. 98. |
| Data sources for UK Met
Office global weather forecasting model. Figures 5.4c & 5.4d Source: Houghton, 2009, pp. 99. |
| Figure 5.5 Errors |
| Figure 5.6 Potential Improvements in Forecast Skill |
| Figure 5.7. Pendulum illustrations |
| Figure 5.8 Isopleths of surface pressure patterns from 51-member ensemble |
| Figure 5.9. Monthly values of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) |
| Figure 5.10 Schematic illustrationg El Nino oscillation. |
| Figure 5.11 Observed Sahel July-September rainfall |
| Figure 5.12 Plots of forecasts of El Nino events forcasting sea surface temperatue |
| Figure 5.13 Schematic of the climate system |
| Figure 5.14 Schematic of the physical processes associated with clouds. |
| Figure 5.15a Annual mean net cloud radiative forcing (CRF) |
| Figure 5.15b Comparison of observed longwave, short wave, & net radiation at top of atmosphere. |
| Table 5.1 Estiamtes of global average temperature changes under different assumptions about changes in greenhous gases and clouds |