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| Figure 3.9 The Younger Dryas climate events |
| Figure 3.10 Climate Change over 140,000 years |
| Figure 3.11 400 years of Sunspot observations |
| Figure 3.12 Global surface temperature & sunŐs energyls reaching top of atmosphere |
| Figure 3.13 Average annual surface temperature |
| Figure 3.14 World Ocean Heat Content |
| Figure 3.16 Reconstructions of global temperature for past 1300 yers |
| Figure 3.17 Stages of last interglacial |
| Figure 3.19 Greenland ice sheet |
| Russia: A Nation in the Throws of climate change |
| Brief Outline |
| Recent Examples/Reports of Climate Change Skepticism |
| Source: The Economist, March 30th-April 5th, 2013, p. 77. |
| Source: The Economist, March 30th-April 5th, 2013, p. 79. |
| Computer Model Comparison of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing (red) vs. Only Natural Forcing (blue) |
| Observed Vs. modeled temperature rise since 1860 |
| Normal cover of Arctic Sea Ice |
| Dramatic changes in Arctic Sea ice minimum |
| Arctic Ice |
| Arctic sea ice 2012 minimum |
| Recent classification of perspectives on Climate Change/Global Warming |
| Some Evidence of Global warming* |
| Potential Positive (??) Impacts of Global Warming for Russia |
| Climate Change in the
Arctic: Beating a retreat The Economist September 24th, 2011 p. 99 |
| Land & Ocean Temperatures: Arctic & Global |
| grass |
| "Gas!" in Novy Urengoi, just below the Arctic
Circle in far northern Russia NATALIA KOLESNIKOVA / AFP / GETTY |
| Temperature Anomalies from 2006, Fig. 10.32b is looks similar, but is more recent from Jan.-June 2010, p. 286. |
| Projected changes in Annual Temperatures for the 2050s |
| Surface Temperature Projections, (Source: IPCC 2007) |
| Permafrost Regions in the FSU |
| Projected future changes in northern Asia permafrost boundary under the SRES A2 scenario for 2100 (IPCC) |
| Scenes from NorilŐsk and Talnakh |
| Evidence of melting permafrost in Siberian forest. NASA photo |
| Major natural gas producing and prospective regions & pipelines |
| Map of Transneft and CIS Main Oil Pipelines |
| Siberian forest fires |
| Russia & Climate Change: Some Key Points |
| Some Negative Climate Impacts on Russian Energy Sector of Climate Change |
| Fossil Fuel Usage per Capita |
| What has been RussiaŐs history regarding Kyoto? |
| President MedvedevŐs words Feb. 18, 2010,shortly after Copenhagen climate talks |
| Scenarios for Russian CO2 emissions assuming growth rates of 2, 4, 6, and 7.2% (GDP doubling in 10 years) for fast and slow intensity improvements |
| Kyoto Cross |
| Points in MedvedevŐs remarks to several ministers & senior aids |
| Russia and climate change policy |
| RussiaŐs increasingly passive role in international climate policy |
| Russia at Copenhagen COP-15, Dec. 2009 |
| Hum, clear evidence of global warming in Russia? |