¥Rich chernozem (black
earth)
¥Construction
of Black Sea ports
¥Russian
Ukraine becomes breadbasket of Europe
¥Moscow-Ivanovo
textile belt flourished
¥Old
manufacturing complexes in St. Petersburg grew and
¥
diversified
¥Coking coal
of Donets Basin (Donbas) and high-grade iron ore
¥ of Kryvyy
Rih exclipse charcoal-based metallurgy of Urals
¥European
timber markets invigorated both European North and port
¥ of ArkhangelÕsk
¥Emancipation
of serfs in 1861
¥Trans-Siberian
RR begun 1891, finished in 1917
¥Revolution,
foreign intervention, and civil war 1918-1921
¥
¥