RussiaÕs turn westward
¥Peter I (Òthe GreatÓ) (1689-1725) (son of Alexis)
¥AlexisÕ Military successes:
–Recapture of Smolensk, Kiev, left bank of Dnieper from Poles (1656-1667)
–PeterÕs accomplishments
– -began industrialization of the Urals (iron, copper, lead)
– -smelters for arms factories
– -secure foothold on Baltic 1703
– -St. Petersburg (Òwindow on EuropeÓ) became capital in 1713 (moved back to Moscow in 1918
– -Treaty of Nystad in 1721 (end of Northern Wars) – gave Estonia, Livonia, and Karelia to Russia
– -export trade from St. Petersburg – furs, timber, grain, flax, iron
– -import trade through St. Petersburg – coffee, sugar, dyes, wine
– -Navy, army, administrative organization